• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.439-452
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• 1994

One of the chlorofluorocarbon compounds. R-12 deplete atmospheric ozone. It leads to international agreement to reduce CFC production. R-134a has similar thermodynamic properties to CFC-12. It has zero ODP(Ozone Depletion Potential). This Paper focuses on the lubricating oils for using with R-134a PAGs(Polyalkylene Glycol's) and esters are primary lubricants that are now being tested for use with R-134a Because of extreme polarity of R-134a. there are many problems in the selection of lubricating oil. This investigation analyzes compressor working conditions and calculates wear parts friction for simulation testing. Miscibility and material compatibility is proved by sealed glass tests. Friction was tested on the closed type pin on disk wear tester. This equipment simulates actual refrigerating compressor. Environment controlled test made more reliable result than field test Conventional oils(mineral oils, Alkylbenzene, PAO(Polyalpha Olefin) are immiscible with R-134a. PAGs and ester oils are miscible with R-134a. Friction coefficient is similar to conventional system(mineral oil/R-12 systems) at operating condition. At start & stop condition, PAGs/R-134a system has high friction coefficient. It provide reliable result on the lubricity, miscibility, material compatibility of R-134a with these new lubricants. It suggests proper selection of refrigeration oil that may improve compressor durability of performance.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

The underlying changes in biological processes that are associated with reported changes in mental and physical health in response to yoga breathing ($pr{\bar{a}}n{\bar{a}}y{\bar{a}}ma$) have not been systematically explored yet. In this study, the effects of a yoga breathing program on prefrontal EEG were tested with middle-aged women. Participants were collected as volunteers and controlled into two groups. Two channel EEG was recorded in the prefrontal region (Fp1, Fp2) from the yoga breathing group (n=17) and control group (n=17). QEEG quotients were transformed from the EEGs and analyzed by the ANOVAs on gain scores. As a result, ${\alpha}/{\delta}$ (left, right) and CQ (correlation quotient) for yoga breathing participants were significantly decreased compared to control group (p<.05). ${\alpha}/{\beta}_H+{\alpha}/{\delta}$ (left, right) were increased significantly (p<.05). For those significantly changed QEEG quotients, the interaction effects of Group x prefrontal alpha (${\alpha}$) and beta (${\beta}$) asymmetry were tested. Only the ${\alpha}$ asymmetry showed main effect on the gain score of ${\alpha}/{\beta}_H+{\alpha}/{\delta}$ (right) with F (1, 34)＝5.694 (p<.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient between ${\alpha}$ asymmetry and gain score of ${\alpha}/{\beta}_H+{\alpha}/{\delta}$ (right) was .374 (p<.05). The gain score of ${\alpha}/{\beta}_H+{\alpha}/{\delta}$ (right) was increased for the right ${\alpha}$ dominance of yoga breathing group. On the contrary it was decreased for the left ${\alpha}$ dominance of yoga breathing group as well as the control regardless of the dominance. The result of this study implies that yoga breathing increases stress resistance and is effective in the management of physical stress. Emotionally relaxed people may have greater instantaneous stress reduction after yoga breathing. Moreover, yoga breathing could be also beneficial for depressed who may be more vulnerable to stress.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.261-264
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• 1997

Joints and terminations for 345kV Oil Filled $1C{\times}2000mm^2$ cable have been developed and tested including BPT (Bellows Pressure Tank) on the bases of various ultra-high voltage technologies. Electrical design was performed by using Finite Element Method. The type test certified by KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) has been performed as the final stage of development. In order to confirm the reliability of long-term life for 30 years, load cycle test was conducted for 30 days with good result. As the result, the techniques we obtained from this development are applicable to higher voltage level systems (i.e. 765 kV).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 1971

1. To study proper sample size in boiling-of test, we extracted samples in size of 200, 100, 50, 20, and 10 grams and tested them. In the result of this test we couldn't find a statistical significance among them, but it is seemed that the proper sample size is 100 gram to think about the errors of measurement and treatment when the sample size is either too little or too much in ordinary test. 2. We tested boil-of result by twisted sample skein (sizing skein) and untwisted sample. In this test to use sodium carbonate (Na$_2$CO$_3$) having powerful sericin dissolving power as a scouring agent, boil-off percents made no statistical significance between two kinds of sample skein. And to use marseilles soap having less powerful sericin dissolving power as a scouring agent, boil-off percents made a difference between twisted and untwisted sample skein. 3. We compared five kinds of scouring agent, for example sodium carbonate, monogen, synthetic detergent (HiTi), marseilles soap A (made in Japan) and marseilles soap B (made in Korea). Among them synthetic detergent and marseilles soap B showed no statistical significance compared with marseilles soap A which we used in ordinary boil-off test. So synthetic detergent and marseilles soap B can be substituted for marseilles soap A. 4. Generally the higher pH value of boil of solution, tile more sericin dissolution, showed and vice versa.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.159-174
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships among the perceived satisfaction, the perceived the trust, the commitment, the key features for mobile phone, the brand image, the switching cost and the repurchasing intention. We also examine the differences between Korean and Indonesian markets concerning the relationships of these key successfactors. The structural model is tested with the data form each of the sub-samples (i. e. Korean and Indonesian users taken separately). Properties of the casual paths, including standardized path coefficients, the significance of difference, and variance explained for trust, satisfaction, commitment and repurchasing in the hypothesized model, are presented. This study indicated that hardware (sound quality, LCD display, design) user interface (GUI, Menu, Key pad) and extra functions (camera phone, wireless internet, MP3 player) are the three important factors effecting the trust and the satisfaction. The proposed model has been newly tested from the technological prospective in order to get the more practical result. Following the model test, we conduct a test of the differences in path coefficients between Korean and Indonesian users. MSEM show that, compared to Korean market, Indonesian had more emphasized on extra-function for the mobile phone as well as giving more influence to the satisfaction from the brand image. It means Korean market consider the extra-function as basic or no-premium points. And the satisfaction has been effected by switching-cost in Korea but the trust in Indonesia. Other interesting result from the structural weight invariance indicate that, compared to Korean market, the brand-image has effected the satisfaction in addition to placing more the trust on determining the commitment in Indonesia.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.465-470
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• 2005

Octacosanol is known to enhance endurance activities, control cholesterol in body and improve the function of cardiopulmonary. Citrulline, which is main compound of watermelon, is known to improve angiectasia through stimulating production of nitric oxide. To improve endurance activity swimming test on rats was carried out using four samples such as 1$\%$ octacosanol, citrulline, the extracts of barks of watermelon and products, mixture of 1$\%$ octacosanol and the extracts of barks of watermelon (6 : 4). Biochemical assays on the liver and serum of tested rats were also performed using commercial analysis kits. In result, it was shown that swimming time of III group increased by 26$\%$ and that of V group was increased by 22$\%$ at the swimming test. As a result of biological assays on the liver and serum of tested rats it was possible to confirm stability of toxicity When compared with creatine kinase of control group (549.11$\pm$39.15 U/l) citrulline (644.11 $\pm$50.67 U/l) and products group (646.00$\pm$46.99 U/l) were largely increased. When compared with inorganic phosphate of control group (12.01$\pm$0.75 mg/이), citrulline (13.03$\pm$0.94 mg/dl) and products group (12.90$\pm$0.55 mg/dl) showed similar results. Also, when compared with lactic acid and glucose of control group (152.91 $\pm$ 13.45, 103.00$\pm$ 8.69 mg/dl), citrulline (125.53$\pm$15.54, 83.75$\pm$7.29 mg/dl) and products group (135.26$\pm$11.50, 78.57$\pm$9.79 mg/dl) were largely decreased. As these test results, it was determined that 1$\%$ octacosanol and extracts of barks of watermelon had some effect of improving endurance activity. Futhermore, it was thought that it could be used as source of functional food.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.111-123
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• 2016

The purpose if this study was to find and investigate effective mediation factors influencing performance of servitization through servitization acceptance activities by means of empirical results. According to the previous researches, two main mediation factors which were related with servitization competencies such as ICT competency of servitization and competency of servitization process were distinguished from lots of competencies which are relying on servitization process. Using a 373 sample data investigated from CEOs, directors and managers of small and medium sized firms in Korea, the structured mediation model was proposed. The measurement for the each variable was accepted for this study when the respondents were revealed to understand the servitization concepts which explained especially company's business moving towards the service specific gravity from selling existing products. The measurement for the each variable reflected that respondents were participating in any sort of servitization type or had intension to be involved with any servitization categories. The mediation hypotheses were tested in the way of analytical measures with the result of strong reliability. According to analysis, two mediators showed positive mediation role and statistically adopted between servitization acceptance activities and servitization performance in the 99% significant level. We confirmed that ICT competency of servitization and competency of servitization process were in the role of positive mediation between servitization acceptance activities and performance of servitization. The total of indirect effects were 0.2546 to support each mediation hypotheses. Tested two mediators were not on the same level. The most affecting mediation element on servitization performance was appeared as competency of servitization process. With the result of this study, we expect that the small and medium sized companies might have servitization business strategies including proper service competencies and mediators through acceptance activities to obtain suitable performance. According to the analysis, Companies which consider product-servitization need to set strategies to reinforce above two competencies.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

Water-lipid soluble multivitamin formulations were widely used to reduce the disease and stress of animals as husbandry has made a remarkable progress in recent. But the efficiency of these formulations is far from satisfactory. So, this study was attempted to develop the physically and chemically stable and useful multivitamin o/w emulsion. Multivitamin o/w emulsion composed of water, soybean oil (10%, v/v), vitamin A, D, E, K, $B_2,\;B_6,\;B_{12}$ and panthenol. To make a stable o/w emulsion, the egg lecithin (2%, w/v) and glycerin (2.5%, w/v) were used for emulsifier and thickening agent, respectively. The oil in water emulsion system was manufactured by microfluidizer and the physicochemical stability of this emulsion was evaluated. The average particle size and interfacial tension were measured. From the result of interfacial tension tested, critical micelle concentration of the egg lecithin was 0.5% (w/v) and optimal concentration for the preparation of emulsion was 2% (w/v). The mean particle size was about $0.6\;{\mu}m$ which was suitable for injections. Short-term accelerated stability as physical stability study was tested by centrifuging and freeze-thawing the emulsion samples. The additions of vitamins resulted in the increment of particle size and reduction of physical stability of emulsion. But it is not an enormous problem for the stability of emulsion. Also, we have performed the long-period preservation stability test for the vitamins. All vitamins were analysed by HPLC. The result of storage under $4^{\circ}C$ and dark conditions demonstrated that all vitamins were maintained stable at least 16 weeks, except for vitamin $B_{12}$.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.307-319
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• 1998

This study is an empirical investigation and study on the measurement of nursing service quality as perceived by patients. A series of H1. H2. H3 alternative hypotheses were tested using a sample of 250 patients in Taegu City. Korea. HI hypothese were tested for application of five component of service quality (SERVQlTAL and SE RPERF : tangiblity. reliability. responsiveness. accessibility. understandability) in Taegu area Hospitals. Validity test - the five components of service quality were rearranged into two components of service quality (personal factor. nonpersonal factor). Although SERVQUAL was verified in USA. application for five components of service quality in Korea indicated that it need more analytical studies. Nobody can deny the fact that the recent growth of the nursing service quality is one of the most important driving forces of hospital management. In many hospitals. the nursing quality charges more than 50% of the medical service quality. As a result. many hospital managers should be enormous interests in the investment potentiality of the nursing service. However. doesn't many researchers invest their time and effort on the research of the quality control in nursing service. Nursing service management is the process to satisfy customer's desires and expectations through the various service activities. Presently nursing service are being faced with three Common tasks of improving quality of nursing service. competitively differential advantage and productivity because of quantitative expansion of Nursing service. Such a phenomenon is also found in our medical service industry. resulting from increasing demands for medical service owing to national medical insurance policy and consumer's attitude change emphasizing prevention of illness. excessiveness of medical facilities in large cities and increasing medical lawsuits due to influence of consumerism. Therefore. under such circumstances. this research on nursing service is conducted from nursing managements to improve the nursing service quality problems faced by medical institutions. The results of this theoretical/empirical research are as follows: 1. Nursing service Quality is regarded as patients' perceived quality and evaluated on the basis (5 dimension) of technical and functional quality. 2. Nursing service Quality is a concept of patients evaluation on the measurable multi-dimensions intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of service. 3. Nursing service Quality is conceptually defined as the difference between the perceived service and the expected service. 4. Korean consumers trend to evaluate nursing service quality based on such dimensions as responsiveness and reliability. understandability. accessibility. tangibility. 5. After analyzing whether or not there are some differences in respective medical institution. it was found that there are significant difference on understandability. reliability. communicability. courtesy. competence. 6. After analyzing the difference between the expected nursing service and the nursing perceived service, it was found that the expected nursing service is higher than the perceived service in every medical institution. 7. HI hypothesis was tested with regard to the validity test between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF in nursing service quality. The result of validity test between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF was found to have differential result. That is the R2 of SERVPERF is higher than that of SERVQUAL. Therefore. HI was verified in nursing management. H2. H3 hypotheses were tested whether or not the nursing service quality and patient satisfaction is the preceding variable. The result of H2 hypothes is that the nursing service quality is the preceding variable of patient satisfaction and the patient satisfaction is that of revisiting intention. After analyzing whether or not there is any differences on the demographic variable of five nursing service quality factor. it was found that there are statistically significant differences on communicability and courtesy at the sex. understand ability. accessibility and tangibility at the age. understandability at the academic background respectively.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

This study investigated the correlation of the physical measurements and the basic physical fitness of 158 female students in the city of Seoul. The average age of the subjects was 22.0 ${\pm}$ 0.13 years old, the average height was 160.9 ${\pm}$ 0.7cm and the average weight was 53.4 ${\pm}$ 0.6kg. The mean BMI (Body Mass Index) was 20.7 ${\pm}$ 0.2kg/㎡. The average muscle mass was 36.5 ${\pm}$ 0.3 and the average body fat percentage was 28.0 ${\pm}$ 0.4%. The basic fitness levels of the subjects were measured based on the evaluation chart of the Korea Health and Science Research Institution (1994). The subjects were divided into 3 groups based on BMI(Group I : BMI < 20, Group II : 20 $\leq$ BMI < 25, Group III BMI $\geq$ 25) and the correlation between BMI and physical fitness was assessed. 1) The muscle strength of the subjects was measured by their grip strength, among other tests. Groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “su” (level 1) and group 3 was “woo” (level 2). 2) Endurance 1 was tested by push-ups, and while groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “su” (level 1), group 3 was “ga” (level 5). This result did not suggest any significant relevance among the subjects. 3) Endurance 2 was tested by sit-ups : groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “mi” (level 3) and group 3 as “yang” (level 4). Group 2 and group 3 showed a significant difference. 4) Instant power was tested by standing high jumps, and although there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 3, all of the subjects were evaluated as “ga” (level 5). 5) Flexibility was measured by how far the subjects could bend forward. There was no significant relevance between the groups and they were all respectively evaluated as “woo” (level 2). 6) Agility was tested with side-steps and all the subjects showed poor agility as “yang” (level 4). 7) Heart and lung endurance was tested by the step test, calculating the maximum oxygen intake with the Physical Energy Index (PEI) and using the numbers according to the evaluation chart. Group 1 was evaluated as “mi” (level 3) and groups 2 and 3 were “woo” (level 2). From these results, we could see the group III (obese group) had a tendency of lower levels in all the variables related to body fitness They showed significantly lower endurance assessed with time for sit-ups and instant power by the standing high jumps. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 29∼36, 2003)