• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.335-347
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• 2015

Music industry is considered as a creative industry, which tends to locate within a city. However, there is very few paper analysing spatial patterns of music industry in Korea. This study aims to understand music industry's value chain and its location pattern; whether it is clustered or dispersed. In detail, music industry contains five sub-industry: planning, manufacturing, distribution, sales and performance. Locational pattern of each sub-industry is tested by GIS and hot spot analysis. There are several findings from this research. First, value chain of music industry make clusters and have a spatial autocorrelation. Second, the result shows that music industry makes a hotspot area at Gangnam, Guro, Mapo and Jongro-Junggu.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2008

Bio-filtration utilizes microorganisms fixed to a porous medium to metabolize pollutants present in an air stream. The microorganisms grow in a bio-film on the surface of a medium or are suspended in the water phase surrounding the medium particles. Therefore, bio-filter support media play one of the most important key roles in bio-filtration of gas phase pollutants. To characterize and select the appropriate support media, gas adsorption capacity and microorganism immobilization were investigated in lab-scale experiments for the selected target support media which were compost I (compost from lab-scale process), compost II (compost from municipal facility), bark, wood chip, orchid stone and vermiculite. As odor materials, ammonia and trimethylamine were utilized. From the result of experiments, bark was superior to any other support media tested in adsorption capacity as much as 12.5 mg ammonia per 1 g bark. In trimethylamine adsorption, bark and wood chip showed a remarkable results of 21.1 and 14.1 mg/g respectively. On the other hand, microorganism fixation test determined by the count of nitrogen oxidizing microbes population, the compost II and wood chips showed the best results. Considering the characteristics of materials and the operating condition of the bio-filter, bark, wood chip, and compost II are applicable to the support media of bio-filter when they are appropriately blended on the basis of studying the media pH, packing porosity and moisture contents.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2012

Red ginseng, which has a variety of biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects, has been used for thousands of years as a general tonic in traditional oriental medicine. Here, we tested the immune regulatory activities of hydrolyzed red ginseng by malted barley (HRG) on the expressions of receptor interacting proteins (Rip) 2 and $I{\kappa}B$ kinase-beta (IKK-${\beta}$) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. We show that HRG increased the activations of Rip 2 and IKK-${\beta}$ for the first time. When HRG was used in combination with recombinant interferon-${\gamma}$ (rIFN-${\gamma}$), there was a marked cooperative induction of nitric oxide (NO) production. The increased expression of inducible NO synthase from rIFN-${\gamma}$ plus HRG-stimulated cells was almost completely inhibited by pre-treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$). In addition, the treatment of peritoneal macrophages with rIFN-${\gamma}$ plus HRG caused significant increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and production. Because NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ play an important role in the immune function and host defense, HRG treatment can modulate several aspects of the host defense mechanisms as a result of the stimulations of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and NF-${\kappa}B$. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that HRG increases the productions of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ from rIFN-${\gamma}$-primed macrophages and suggest that Rip2/IKK-${\beta}$ plays a critical role in mediating these immune regulatory effects of HRG.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the integrative pre-parent education program on the college students' parenting knowledge and theirs parenting self-efficacy. The program was consisted of recognizing the motivation for parenthood, the apprehension of the parenting knowledge and skill according to the children's development, communication skill and using the support system. The subject were 254 college students. one hundred seventeen students participated in the program and one hundred thirty eight did not. Before the inaugurating program, the pretest was done, and for 12-weeks period, the program was proceeded. After the intervention, all the subjects were tested. The data were analyzed in SPSS Win 9.0 program by t-test and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. As a result, the college students in the experimental group were higher in the parenting knowledge and their parenting self-efficacy than those in the control group.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide reduction technologies using photosynthetic microorganism were suggested to overcome environmental destruction caused by $CO_2$ in flue gases from power plant and other industries. However, there are many toxic constituents in flue gas including CO, NOx, SOx. Continuous and Excessive supply of these noxious gases to cells will leads to inhibition of microalgal growth along with partial cell death. In this study, we tested the noxious effect of SOx and NOx on the pH and microalgal growth under photoautotrophic culture in three microalgae of Neochloris oleoabundans, Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis. As a result, SOx concentration more than 50 ppm led to the rapid reduction of pH, thereby inhibiting of the growth in Neochloris oleoabundans and Chlorella vulgaris. NOx concentration more the 100 ppm reduced the exponential growth of N. oleoabundans and C. vulgaris. And H. pluvialis exhibited low sensitivity to SOx and NOx. Consequently, the three microalgae of N. oleabundas, C. vulagaris and H. pluvialis showed the normal vegetative growth in 25 ppm of NOx and SOx. Above all, H. pluvialis was useful for the $CO_2$ sequestration of the flue gas including high concentrations of NOx and SOx.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.220-224
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• 2017

Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) is an important urban pollutant in Korea. Expecially, diesel vehicles are responsible for the most traffic rated nitrogen oxide ($NO_X$) emission, including nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$). Though nitrogen oxide ($NO_X$) emission from vehicle was applied a strict enforcement of emission standard, the specific $NO_2$ fraction in $NO_X$ ($NO_2/NO_X$) from various types of diesel vehicles was not understood. In order to investigate the fraction of $NO_2/NO_X$, the vehicle emission study was carried out at the facility of Transport Pollution Research Center (TPRC), National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. Three different types of diesel vehicles(VAN, SUV, passenger) were tested on the NIER driving mode. The result of $NO_2/NO_X$ ratio was over 0.1 for all test vehicles and the highest $NO_2$ emission was observed at the van vehicle. The observation was showed that the emission trend of $NO_2/NO_X$ for passenger and SUV vehicles were inversely proportional. Also, as the emission standard has been strengthen, the emission rate of $NO_2$ has been decrease.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2000

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesd Mirb. Franco) is highly regarded as a commercial timber species throughout the world in part due to its fast growth relative to many other species. In this study, basal area per hectare equation for Douglas-fir plantations in Southland of New Zealand has been developed based on medium measurement cycles of permanent sample plots data set. The function was developed using the algebraic difference equation method, and various sigmoid-shaped projection equations were used. Parameter estimation was obtained by non-linear routine of the SAS. As a result, of the functions tested a variant of the Schumacher polymorphic function including site index and thinning term as predictor variables showed the higher precision of the fitting. The results indicate that site index is positively correlated with basal area growth. And the thinning term was found to be useful to increase precision of the model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop the Rainfall-Runoff Model for a long and short term runoff analysis in small forested mountain watersheds. This model was derived from tank model. This model is composed of four tank. Tank I, Tank II, TankIII, and TankIV represent interception loss in forest canopy, direct runoff, base flow, and surface flow component, respectively. This model was tested with two experimental watersheds, located in southern part of Korea. As the result, this model had potentials for simulating and analyzing the long and short term runoff in small forested watersheds.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.216-220
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• 2005

Background:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) genes are thought to be important factors in some personality traits. The goal of this study was to determine the role of these genes in personality traits. Method:The participants included 170 healthy adults with no history of psychiatric disorders and other physical illnesses for the last 6 months. All participants were tested by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). BDNF Val64Met gene polymorphisms were analyzed with PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction). Differences on TCI dimensions and sub-scales among groups were examined with ANOVA. Result:There was a significant correlation between BDNF Val64Met and Persistence(PS)(p=0.036) in female subjects, but none with the other TCI dimensions. A post-hoc comparison revealed significant a difference between Val/Val and Met/Met (p=0.031). Conclusion:Our study suggests that the BDNF Val64Met gene polymorphism is associated with persistence in Korean female subjects, but the small number of subjects limits generalization of our results. Further studies with a larger number of homogenous subjects are needed to confirm whether the BDNF gene is related to personality traits.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1987

The schemes synthesizing the instantaneous unit hydrograph(IUH) are presented by using the geomorphologic parameters of a basin. To this end, the channels in the network are numbered according to the Strahler scheme, and the mathematical formulation corresponding to a dynamic probability theory for deriving the geomorphologic IUH(GUH) is refered to the existing techniques adopted by Rodriguez-Iturbe and Valdes. Also, the mean runoff velocity is applied for expressing a dynamic state of flow. The applicability of the GUH to the real drainage basins is tested by using the data observed in a few basins with areas of the order of 9.2, 20, 33.63, and $109.73km^2$ in Korea. The test is carried out by checking the discrepancies between the observed and simulated values for the peak discharge and its time of occurrence which are the most important parameters of an IUH by varing the mean runoff velocity and the inputs. As a result, good agreement is found between them, and it is shown that the variability in peak discharge of hydrograph depends on the mean runoff velocity more than the constant loss rate.