• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.849-858
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• 2004

Purpose: Smoking temptation is the central concept related to relapse within the context of smoking. Therefore :or effective smoking cessation interventions, a scale to measure smoking temptation is necessary. This study was carried out to develop scale to measure smoking temptation. Method: This study utilized Cronbach's alpha, spilt-half coefficient and test-retest correlation in analyzing the reliability of the collected data and expert group, factor analysis, item analysis multitrait-multimethod method and known-group technique to analyze validity. Result: Twenty-five items were selected from a total of 33 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .93, spilt-half coefficient .91, and 2 week interval test-retest correlation .93 for the 25 items on the smoking temptation scale. Five factors evolved by factor analysis, which explained 57.28 % of the total variance. The smoking temptation scale was effective in differentiating the subjects at each stage of change for smoking cessation and there were significant negative correlations between smoking temptation and self efficacy for smoking cessation and significant positive correlations between smoking temptation and the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Conclusion: The scale for measuring smoking temptation in Korean in this study was evaluated as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.39-56
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• 1998

This paper concerned with the Honsu(婚需) norms of urban residents in Korea, and was designed to suggest a solution to solve the current problems of the extravagant Honsu with the changes int he customs related to Honsu. Data collected through interviews with questionaire were analyzed statistically by X2-test, ANOVA, Scheffe-test, factor analysis, cluster analysis and product moment correlation coefficients using SPSS PC+ program. Factors of HONSU norm, was characterized into 3 types, exchangabilities and focusing on groom's family, preparation of goods for housekeeping, and independence from parents and individualism. HONSU was found to be regarded as the basis for better life for the new family provided by their patents in terms of the family norm. The current problems of extravagant HONSU seems due to the family norm. Factors of HONSU norms could be grouped into 4 categories by the cluster analysis. They are 1)the preparation of basic house-keeping items for independent family, 2)an opportunity to secure an economic base for the new family, 3)an opportunity to show off their wealth by selecting easily exchangable goods, and 4)others who select items based on their personalities. An oppportunity to show off their wealth by selecting easily exchangable was the cultural norm of Honsu, and it was found that urban housewives had almost uniform thoughts about Honsu. Consideration of items for individuals' needs and independent life took place in deciding on Honsu for all four types of couples although the weight given to this consideration showed difference. Preparation for the new family and individual needs were the common grounds of HONSU norms in all categories through the weight was different.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.525-534
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare job stress and satisfaction of western hospital nurses and oriental hospital nurses. The subjects were 256 nurses(135 of western hospital nurses, 121 of oriental hospital nurses) and data were collected from 20 March to 25 August 1998. The items used for this study were items for genernal characteristics(7 items). job stress(6 items) and job satisfaction(20 items). Analysis of data was done by use of mean, percentage, chi-squre test. t-test and pearson correlation with SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows 1) The mean score(3.16/5) of hospital nurses was significantly higher than the mean score(2.97/5) of oriental hospital nurses in job stress. 2) The mean score(2.97/5) of hospital nurses was significantly higher than the mean score(2.64/5) of oriental hospital nurses in job satisfaction. 3) There were significant negative correlation between job stress and the factors of job satisfaction : decision-making fators (r=-0.421, p =.000) , group conflict factors(r=-0.301. p=.041), role implementation fators(r=-0.209, p=.047) and personal socialization fators(r=-0.132, p=.027).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.296-320
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• 2013

The primary purpose of this study is to understand academic library service as a brand and a set of brand offerings. Based on previous studies, the study has built a classification of three distinctive perceptual aspects of library services; perceptual aspect of the service, experiential aspect of the service, and functional aspect of service. Eleven measurement items and 45 questions that are subject to the items are studied and employed from previous studies, each of the items were allocated through Item Response Theory (IRT) test and cluster analysis to filter in items of substantial contribution to the constructs as well as filtering out less contributable ones. The study shows there are 27 effective items to understand and measure library service as a brand.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.187-196
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• 2017

In using lecture evaluation methods to improve the quality of education, most universities need to reflect the changes in the educational environment. The transformation of university education into a mixed learning environment blending face-to-face education and online education necessitates the development of appropriate lecture evaluation items. For this purpose, we analyzed the items and the factor analysis for the students of C university in Daejeon. The primary data were carried out with 47 measurement items in 10 domains, such as planning and preparation of lectures, which were found through previous research analysis. Secondary data were validated by using the items confirmed through analysis of preliminary test data. The study results showed that 20 items including six domains such as planning and preparation of lectures, learning materials, learning tasks, instruction media, online course test and grades were derived. These study results suggest that universities lectures should be evaluated to ensure improvement.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2020

This study classified lower body shape according to thigh and waist shape to improve the fit of skinny blue jeans in adult women in their 20s. We analyzed the three-dimensional automatic measurement data, three-dimensional indirect measurement data, and index data using the three-dimensional female (20-29 years old) body scan data provided by Size Korea (6^th Korean Human Dimensional Survey Project). Factor analysis was performed to classify body type. We selected and analyzed 34 items related to thigh shape based on index items, angle items, and protrusion amount items from 99 items; consequently, seven factors were extracted and 82.39% of the total variance was explained. Cluster analysis according to factor analysis classified it into 4 types, and a post-test Duncan test was conducted to classify thigh features according to classified types. As a result, the characteristics of lower body shape according to the thigh types of women in their 20s are as follows. Lower Body Type 1 is shape with a more prominent belly and less prominent thighs. Lower Body Type 2 is a slender body figure with larger hips. Lower Body Type 3 has more prominent thighs compared to the waist and belly. Lower Body Type 4 has both a prominent belly and prominent thighs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of breast shapes by age, to classify breast types, and to investigate the characteristics of breast shapes by type and the distributions of types by age group, using comparative analysis for women in 20's and 40's. The subjects of anthropometry were 323 women in 20's and 40's. The anthropometric measurements were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, frequency, T-test, F-test, Duncan test, factor and cluster analysis. The results are as follws : 1) According to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and the items of width, depth, circumference and length were increased, being obeser and breast points were dropped. So the volume and bottom area of 40's women's breast were larger than 20's women's and the breast point to breast point width of 40's women was being wider by the increase of the intereior of breast. 2) 6 factor were extracted from factor analysis by age group. There was no significant difference in consist of factor between age group. There was no significant difference in consist of facotr between age group, but were differences in the connection of factor extracted items and factor loading. Through factor analysis of all age froup, 5 factors were extracted as important factor of breast shapes (obesity of breast and location of breast point ; breast height and volume ; upper dimensions of breast/lower dimensions of breast ; interior dimensions of breast/exterior dimensions of breast ; volume of the lower part and drop of breast). 3) The breast shapes were classified into 4 types by cluster analysis. The frequency of 20's women's breast types appeared in order of type1(53.0%), type3(32.0%), type2(11.0%), type4(4.0%), but that of breast types of 40's women appeared in order of type2(37.9%), type3(31.1%), type4(26.5%), type1(4.5%). Namely, there was few type4 in 20's women and few type1 in 40's women. 20's women's breast types were characterized as type1·3 and type2·3·4 in 40's women. So 40's women had more various breast types than 20's women's.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2014

The versions of the Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ) is regarded as one of the most extensively used condition-specific instruments measuring disability resulting from low back pain. It has been shown to have adequate psychometrics, reliability, validity, and responsiveness as a whole, yet the summated total score of the instrument often provide little information to rehabilitation clinicians. A keyform analysis based on Rasch measurement model is an innovative way of illustrating the specific test items that an individual may or may not perform. By applying the keyform of the Rasch measurement model to the ODQ, rehabilitation clinicians may able to select more challenging ODQ items matching an individual's ability and document them as attainable treatment goals. The results demonstrated how a keyform analysis assist to setting possible goals for the treatment of individuals with low back pain. Forty-two individuals with low back pain were recruited from rehabilitation clinics in Gainesville, Florida. A series of Rasch analyses on the 10 items of the ODQ were performed using Winsteps software. The performance of two individuals on those 10 items was illustrated on the keyform. The keyform analysis of the Rasch measurement model may be translated into a useful tool for making clinical judgements.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.340-358
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an instrument to showcase Dignity in Care of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses and to examine its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 58 preliminary items on dignity in care of terminally ill patients for nurses were selected using content validity analysis and expert opinions on 97 candidate items derived through a literature review and qualitative focus group interviews. Questionnaires were administered to 502 nurses caring for terminally ill cancer patients at hospice and palliative care institutions. The data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, and Pearson correlation for criterion validity, reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: The final instrument consisted of 25 items, with four factors identified through confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors-ethical values and moral attitudes, interaction-based communication, maintaining comfort, professional insight and competence-accounted for 61.8% of the total variance. Cronbach's α for total items was .96, and test-retest reliability of intraclass correlation coefficient was .90. Conclusion: Since its validity and reliability have been verified through various methods, the Dignity in Care Scale of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses can be used for develop nursing interventions and improve dignity in care of terminally ill patients.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.117-126
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to examine the factors affecting the avatar addictive buying behavior. The survey subjects were 220 females and males who had purchased avatar items in the internet. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test and regression analysis were used. In the results, first, the frequency test of quantity of owned items, payment method, main using site, frequency of purchase, and price of purchase was conducted to reveal the avatar addictive buying behavior. Second, the avatar addictive buying behavior was classified into three factors: conspicuous addictive, psychological addictive and habitual addictive. Also, the pursuit of pleasure was classified into three factors: superiority, pastime and enjoyment. Third, flow, vicarious satisfaction, stress, superiority and pastime affected avatar addictive buying behavior. Based on these results, fashion marketing strategies and implications regarding avatar addictive buying were suggested.