• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 2003

Ternary blended concrete, which contains both fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag, has an initial cost effective and is environment friendly. Furthermore, it has a lot of technical advantages such as the improvement of long term compressive strength, high workability, and the reduction of hydration heat. However, as the use and study on the performance of ternary blended concrete is limited, it is worthwhile studying the actual performance of this technology. This study examined the durability performance of ternary blended concrete, compared to binary blended concrete and ordinary portland concrete. It led to the conclusion that ternary blended concrete is very suitable for submerged members under marine environment. However, it should be noticed that ternary blended concrete becomes weak on carbonation, when it is situated on combined deterioration environment of carbonation and chloride. Therefore, the curing duration of ternary blended concrete should be prolonged in order to enhance the resistance of carbonation.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the durability of ternary blended concrete mixtures adding ultra fine admixture. METHODS : From the literature review, crack was considered as the main distress failure criterion on concrete bridge deck pavement. To reduce the initial crack development due to drying shrinkage, CSA expansion agent and shrink reduction agent were used to ternary blended concrete mixtures as a admixture. Laboratory tests including chloride ion penetration test, surface scaling test, rapid freeze & thaw resistance test, non restrained drying shrinkage and restrained drying shrinkage test were conducted to verify the durability of ternary blended concrete mixtures. RESULTS : Based on the test results, proposed mixtures were verified as high qualified durable materials. Expecially initial drying shrinkage crack was not occurred in ternary blended concrete mixtures with CSA expansion agent. CONCLUSIONS : It is concluded that the durability of proposed ternary blend concrete mixture was acceptable to apply for the concrete bridge deck pavement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.487-490
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ternary blended cement concrete mixed with slag cement and fly ash on the compressive strength, the resistance to chloride ion penetration and reduction of hydration heat. Each performance of ternary blended cement concrete compared with binary blended cement concrete and ordinary portland cement concrete. As a result, it was concluded that ternary blended cement concrete is suitable to mass concrete under marine environment.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2019

The present study is focused on the mechanical and durability properties of ternary blended cement concrete mix of different grades 30 MPa, 50 MPa and 70 MPa. Three mineral admixtures (fly ash, silica fume and lime sludge) were used as a partial replacement of cement in the preparation of blended concrete mix. The durability of ternary blended cement concrete mix was studied by exposing it to acids HCl and $H_2SO_4$ at 5% concentration. Acid mass loss factors (AMLF), acid strength loss factor (ASLF) and acid durability factor (ADF) were determined, and the results were compared with the control mix. Chloride ions penetration was investigated by conducting rapid chlorination penetration test and accelerated corrosion penetration test on control mix and ternary blended cement concrete. From the results, it was evident that the usage of these mineral admixtures is having a beneficiary role on the strength as well as durability properties. The results inferred that the utilization of these materials as a partial replacement of cement have significantly enhanced the compressive strength of blended concrete mix in 30 MPa, 50 MPa and 70 MPa by 42.95%, 32.48% and 22.79%. The blended concrete mix shown greater resistance to acid attack compared to control mix concrete. Chloride ion ingress of the blended cement concrete mix was low compared to control mix implying the beneficiary role of mineral admixtures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.23-26
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• 2002

Ternary blended concrete containing both fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag is initial cost effective, and environment friendly. Furthermore, it has many technical advantages such as improvement of long term compressive strength, rheology property, reduction of hydration heat, etc. However, use and data on the performance of ternary blended concrete are limited, and it is necessary to study on the adoption of this technology. This study examined the durability performance of ternary blended concrete comparing with binary blended concrete and ordinary portland concrete. From the results of this study, it was concluded that ternary blended concrete is very suitable to submerged zone under maine environment.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 2008

Mineral admixtures are used to improve the quality of concrete and to develop sustainability of concrete structures. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), such as silica fume (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and pulverized fly ash (PFA), are gradually recognized as useful mineral admixture for producing high performance concrete. The study on ternary blended concrete utilizing mainly three major mineral admixtures is limited and the study on durability and chloride induced corrosion resistance of ternary blended concrete is very few. This study examines the durability characteristics of the ternary blended concrete composed of different amount of the SCM with ordinary Portland concrete and the study experimentally focuses on corrosion resistance evaluation of ternary blended concrete subjected to chloride attack. In this study, 50% replacement ratio of mineral admixture to OPC was used, while series of combination of $20{\sim}40%$ GGBS, $5{\sim}15%$ SF and $10{\sim}45%$ PFA binder were used for chloride corrosion resistance test. This study concerned the durability properties of the ternary blended concrete including the corrosion resistance, chloride binding, chloride transport and acid neutralization capacity. It was found that the ternary blended concrete utilizing the SCM densified the pore structures to lower the rate of chloride transport. Also, increased chloride binding and buffering to acid were observed for the ternary blended concrete with chlorides in cast.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

To improve the problem of strength reduction of unary and binary blended non-cement concrete that occur at room temperature, comparative analysis was conducted based on the slump and compressive strength properties of ternary blended non-cement concrete in which cement was replaced with silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag, and the following conclusions were drawn. The ternary blended non-cement concrete showed higher compressive strength than binary binder concrete, and the slump reduction was less when 10% silica fume was mixed. In addition, the appropriate composition ratio range of each by-product was suggested according to slump and compressive strength level based on ternary diagram.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.216-217
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• 2017

Slag cement or ternary blended cement is mainly used for non-structural lean concrete for the purpose of foundation work or protection of the waterproof layer on the roof of buildings. However, such non-structural lean concrete has a lot of drying shrinkage cracks, which makes it difficult to maintain the quality of the structure. Therefore, in this study, the compressive strength and the drying shrinkage of ternary blended cement(blended of portland cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash from combined heat and power Plant) for non-structural lean concrete were examined. As a result, it was confirmed that this non-structural lean concrete reduced drying shrinkage compared to the conventional ternary blended cement using fly ash from power plant.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.78-81
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• 2003

Recently, physical properties of concrete containing ternary blended cement were actively researching to develop durability, mobility, and atc. as well as strength increase of concrete. In this study, durability of concrete such as the resistance against chloride ion penetration, rebar corrosion, freeze and thaw, and sulfate were researched for concrete containing ordinary portland cement(OPC) and ternary blended cement(TBC), respectively. For this purpose, concrete specimens containing OPC and TBC, respectively, were made for 37.5% of W/C, and then various durability experiments described above were carried out. As a result, it was observed from the test that concrete containing TBC showed excellent durability than concrete containing OPC.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.1229-1234
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• 2001

The bottom slab of Inchon LNG in-ground #213 tank is designed as a massive structure witch has a large depth and section. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum mix design having good workability and low hydration heat for bottom slab concrete and to control the actual concrete quality in site. For this purpose, we select the optimum mix design used ternary blended cement(furnace slag cement＋fly ash) and design factors. As test results of actual application, we have finish placing the bottom slab concrete of 23,180㎥ during 68hours with good success and obtain the good quality of fresh and hardened concrete including slump, air contents, no-segregation, compressive strength and low hydration heat in actual data. All test results are satisfied with our specifications for bottom slab concrete and we cut costs as the use of ternary blended cement and the reduction of placing hours.