The term 'nursing' is often defined as a therapeutic and interpersonal process that ultimately functions to help clients. In the process of helping, empathic ability(ability to entering into the another's feeling or motives) is an essential factor that has been proved in the fields of psychology and social psychology. In the sense, nursing personnel with high level of empathy is required to accomplish the comprehensive nursing. The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate empathy between nursing and non-nursing students, (2) to examine changes of empathic ability in accordance with their academic years, and (3) to show relationships, if any, between the two concepts, empathy and need-affiliation. For the survey, 325 respondents for nursing department and 378 from non-nursing departments were randomly selected from the two universities in Seoul. The instruments used in this questionaire survey method were Hogan's Empathy Scale and Mehrabian's Need-Affiliation Scale, each of them has established its validity and reliability in many different people and settings. For the analysis, descriptive stative statistics were mostly used by calculating frequencies, percentages and mean scores. T-test, analysis of variance and correlation coefficient were employed to test the differences and the statistical significance. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) There was no significant difference in empathic ability detween the nursing and non-nursing student (2) The levels of empathy among the nursing students, 'surprisingly enough, were negatively correlated with their academic years, even though statistical significations was not found. The scores of the empathy are somewhat dropped as academic year going up. (3) No significant relationship was revealed between empathy and need-affiliation. In conclusion, the results of the study repeatedly support the claim that the nursing education must empathize and, also, include the programs that enable nursing students to develop the ability of empathy for their clients.
Varieties of literatures were reviewed in regard to the fundamental concept of day hospital, historical trends, the recipient of its care, facilities and personnel, therapeutic programmes and the follow-up care plans. Through the research the advantages of day hospital were highlighted in order to provide the reference for those who consider planning such health care institution. Since the introduction of the concept of day hospital and its implementation in 1930, many psychiatric patients world over are treated and cared. Patients with specific health problems ; alcoholism, acute or serious psychiatric disease, tendencies of humidor suicidal attempts, and with serious physical problems were excluded from the general recipient. Day hospital were annexed to the psychiatric hospitals in most in instances ; facilities, personnel, except nursing personnel, were shared. All therapeutic care were planned in daley, weekly programmes, and were focussed on socialization. The follow-up care were provided for those participating post- therapy club activities which were planned and introduced ahead. Many advantages of day-hospital care in contrast to the traditional hospitalization care were found: 1. The abrupt discontinuity of his family and other social role is prevented. 2. Therapeutic progress is faster. 3. Lessened economic burden to the family. 4. Behavioral regression is lessened and the lessened fear of hospitalization. 5. Less injury to the patients, self- respect, through lessened anxiety of hospitalization. 6. Incidents of secondary crisis believed to be existing in long term cases are decreased. 7. Therapeutic care implemented in freer atmosphere, better Patient-personnel relationships are created. 8. Varieties of group activities are Induced which enable faster recovery. 9. Patients could engage himself with social activities including getting job on part-time basis. 10. Rehabilitation of patient could be implemented.
This study clarified the maintenance of relationship between children and teachers based on longitudinal data and explored the latent classes. It clarified the latent classes connection with the children's peer play interaction. The subjects of this study were 194 children (aged 3) who attended 11 different kindergartens and daycare centers. We collected data three times (once every 6 months) until they reached age 4. The results of this study were: first, closeness, conflict, and dependence of child-teacher relationship that showed a continuous short-term connection. Second, we classified the child-teacher relationship into three groups according to longitudinal data. Those groups were, 'low level maintenance group' which had the lowest conflict and dependence compared to the highest closeness with teacher, 'middle level maintenance group' which had the teacher relationship in the middle level of the sub element area, and 'high level maintenance group' which showed high conflict and dependence compared to low closeness with the teacher. Third, the group which maintains a longitudinal high conflict.dependence showed more interruption and disruption behavior than the group which maintained a low conflict and dependence. In conclusion, the child-teacher relationship seemed to be the steady characteristic because it showed the early formation of a stable relationship. It was possible to predict the child's peer interaction through an early child-teacher relationship. Teachers need to be educated by the kindergarten and daily care center because the early formation of a child-teacher relationship can be the foundation of child's later peer and teacher relationships.
Advances in computer technology enabled us to simulate the integrated effects of various geomorphic processes on landscape evolution. This review introduces a theoretical framework for 2-dimensional numerical landscape evolution models (NLEMs) which have recently been used for various research purposes. In particular much attention is paid to the approaches deployed to model major geomorphic processes on a geological time scale in previous research. NLEMs can simulate landscape evolution by numerically solving the partial differential equation which represents the relationship among the geomorphic system components (GSCs). Simple process specifications of the relationships among GSCs on a long-term time scale in terms of quantification and attempts to combine processes represent the initial research on NLEMs. Later researchers have taken these simple NLEMs and elaborated on them. Introducing the theories of NLEMs in this review is expected to help researchers trying to utilize or develop NLEMs.
Kwak, Ho-Chan;Song, Ji Young;Lee, In Mook;Lee, Jun
Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
/
v.33
no.4
/
pp.98-104
/
2018
Macroscopic accident analyses have been conducted to incorporate transportation safety into long-term transportation planning. In macro-level accident prediction model, exposure variable(e.g. a settled population) have been used as fundamental explanatory variable under the concept that each trip will be subjected to a probable risk of accident. However, a settled population may be embedded error by exclusion of active population concept. The objective of this research study is to develop macro-level accident prediction model using floating population variable(concept of including a settled population and active population) collected from mobile phone data. The concept of accident prediction models is introduced utilizing exposure variable as explanatory variable in a generalized linear regression with assumption of a negative binomial error structure. The goodness of fit of model using floating population variable is compared with that of the each models using population and the number of household variables. Also, log transformation models are additionally developed to improve the goodness of fit. The results show that the log transformation model using floating population variable is useful for capturing the relationships between accident and exposure variable and generally perform better than the models using other existing exposure variables. The developed model using floating population variable can be used to guide transportation safety policy decision makers to allocate resources more efficiently for the regions(or zones) with higher risk and improve urban transportation safety in transportation planning step.
The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
/
v.8
no.1
/
pp.1-11
/
2015
In this study we investigate how motive and personal relations of volunteers impact their volunteering satisfaction. The objects were 313 members of a volunteer group in ${\bigcirc}$-gun, central region. We conducted survey from 2014 April 2 to August 31. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis, t-test, multiple regression analysis, through SPSSWIN 18.0 program,(empirical analysis verification : significance level of 5%). The results are as follows: First, with the general characteristics, we found that females, the educated, and the married get more satisfaction. Second, with the local characteristics, long-term residents and the members, who think volunteer activity contribute to the local development, feel more satisfaction. Third, volunteer who has high participation motives, has strong volunteering satisfaction. Finally, volunteers feel more satisfaction when they maintain a good relationships in interpersonal relationship. This study implicates that volunteer activity participation motives and personal relations have a great impact on volunteering satisfaction, to be the basis for volunteer's satisfaction improving policy in the future.
Most of hypertext retrieval models consider documents as independent entities. They ignore relationships between documents of link semantics. in an information retrieval system for hypertext documents, retrieval effectiveness can be improved when ling information is used. Previous link-based hypertext retrieval models ignore link information while indexing. They utilize link information to re-rank the retrieval results. Therefore they are limited that only the documents is result-set utilize link information. This paper utilizes link information when indexing. We present how to use term weighting and inLinks weighting for ranking the relevant documents. Experimental results show that recall and precision evaluation according to the link semantics and the comparison with previously link_based hypertext retrieval model.
Because of rapid changes in business environment and fierce competition, firms are facing a more competitive environment and a more serious global competition. Many of the previous literatures have indicated that a business which increases its market orientation will improve its market performance. Numerous authors have argued the interdepartmental dynamics as prior factor to market orientation, and relationship commitment are an essential part of successful long-term relationships. Based on previous literatures, this study proposes the structure about interdepartmental dynamics, market orientation, relationship commitment and performance. The purpose of this paper is to find the impact of market orientation and relationship commitment on customer performance. In addition, this suggests interdepartmental dynamics as prior factor to market orientation. Results indicate that interdepartmental connections can reduce interdepartmental conflict, and lower conflict is a key factor of market orientation. Furthermore, this paper finds evidences that support the mediating effects of the relationship commitment between market orientation and customer performance.
Comparison of bioavailabflity (BA) of three brands of ranitidine (RT) tablets has been studied m rats. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharniacolunetics of RT tablets in the rat and to coinpare phannacolunetic parameters of three brands of RT tablets. In addition, it was investigated whether plasma RT concentrations m humans can be predicted from pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in rats. RT was administered intravenously in dose of RT.HCI 10mg/kg and orally in dose of RT.HCI 50mg/kg as solution or crushed sample of thablets. Plasma RT concentrations were determned by HPLC. Plasma RT concentrations as a function of time were fitted to two compartment model. Plasma RT concentrations declined with a terminal half life ($t_{{1}/2{\betha}}$) of 40.9 min. The plasma RT concentration-time curve showed two peak plasma concentrations following an oral administration of solution or crushed sample in rats like humans. No significant difference among pharmacokinetic parameters was observed except $T_{max2}$ (p<0.05). The BA for crushed sample A, B and C were found to be 54.6 40.7 and 40.0%, respectively. Equivalence of $C_{max1}$ and $T_{max2}$ were guaranteed in this study. However, it was concluded that three brands of RT tablets are bioequivalent, taking the following characteristics of RT into consideration;(1) rapid onset of the effect is not required, (2) $C_{max1}$ and $T_{max2}$ do not seem to influence the effectiveness of the drug during a long-term treatment by the usual administration of twice a day. Results from this study were combined with plarmacokinetic data for RT in dogs and humans to develop a basis for interspecies scale-up of the disposition characteristics of the drug. there were similarities in the general disposition of the drug. Allometric relationships were sought between pharmacokinetic parameters nd species body weight. Significant interspecies correlations were found for total body clearance($Cl_{t}$) and steady state volume of distribution ($Bd_{ss}$). Thus, plasma RT concentrations in humans can be predicted from pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in rats.
Seo, Nam Sook;Kang, Seung Ja;Kim, Jae Hee;Kim, Sea Ja
Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
/
v.19
no.2
/
pp.285-297
/
2013
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the differences in sleep disturbance, stress, self-efficacy and depression by fatigue level and to identify the factors influencing fatigue in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and the subjects were 195 patients undergoing hemodialysis in a local unit. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and medical records from June to August 2012. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Also a multiple regression analysis was used to assess the independent association between fatigue status and indices of sleep disturbance, stress, self-efficacy and depression. Results: A total of 99 (50.8%) subjects experienced a high level of fatigue and 96 (49.2%) experienced a low level of fatigue. There were significant differences in the levels of sleep disturbance, stress, self-efficacy and depression between the two groups. Fatigue was significantly correlated to sleep disturbance, stress, self-efficacy and depression. The most important factor related to fatigue was stress, followed by sleep disturbance. These factors explained about 37% of fatigue of the respondents. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that sleep disturbance and stress were significant predictors of fatigue in hemodialysis patients. Possible interventions for minimizing fatigue in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis should be aimed to manage the known contributing factors.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.