• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

파괴모드는 저항력과 비탄성 변형 능력의 저하를 일으키는 균열이나 파단으로 귀결된다. 특수중심가새골조의 잠재적 파괴모드는 가새의 균열이나 파단, 가새나 거싯 플레이트의 순단면 파단, 거싯 플레이트용접의 균열, 볼트의 전단균열, 블록전단파단, 그리고 거싯 플레이트의 좌굴 등을 포함하고 있다. HSS 튜브가새는 특수중심가새골조에 자주 사용되고, 가새의 순단면 파단은 거싯 플레이트가 가새로 삽입되는 홈의 끝부분에 가새의 순단면을 통해 발생한다. 이 파괴모드는 인장파괴모드로 분류되고 급격한 강도저하와 취성적인 거동을 보인다. AISC 디자인 규준에선 순단면 보강을 요구하고 있다 (AISC 2001). 이 논문에서, 순단면 보강의 필요성에 대해 논의한다. 먼저, 미국 버클리대학교에서 수행됐던 순단면 파단실험을 유한요소모델을 이용한 이 실험의 모델링을 통해 소개한다. 실제 골조에서의 순단면 파단의 가능성을 조사하기 위해, 홈이 있는 중심가새골조를 유한요소법을 이용 모델링 하고, 인장지배의 근거리지진 이력을 적용시킨다. 이는 이력이 순단면 파단의 가장 중요한 인자라는 이전 해석 결과에서 기인한 것이다. 순단면 보강의 필요성과 인장지배의 근거리지진 이력의 영향에 대해 조사한다.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

Unilateral cleft lip is not a simple and independent problem in all aspects. nasal deformity results from the cleft lip, maxillary hypoplasia, and abnormal muscular pull on the nasal structures, including abnormal muscular tension on the alar base and abnormal position of the orbicularis oris muscle. Its gross and histopathologic characteristics include widening of the alar base, a midline deviation of the columella and septum to the noncleft side, dorsal displacement of the dome, lateral rotation of medial crura, buckling of the alar cartilage, and underdevelopment of the pyriform aperture. Since Dr. Millard first presented his method for repair of the unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity in 1955, no other technique has gained as much popularity as the rotation-advancement principle. Principles established more than 50 years ago and techniques are evolving continuously. Unlike earlier procedures, this repair gives the surgeon the opportunity to manipulate the individual cleft elements through various modifications while maintaining Millard's original surgical and anatomical goals. Although this strategy is applied worldwide, successful execution is variable and highly operator dependent. Millard and many other surgeons have made technical variations to adjust the procedure to each specific patient, to address some of its faults, and to gain new advantages. We will review the Mulliken's modifications that Dr. Millard made to his original rotation-advancement principle and inform cases applied modifying the rotation-advancement principle.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

Recently, the production of shipbuilding and offshore plant industries, with a trend toward large structures, has led to an increased use of high strength ultra-thick plates. The use of ultra-thick plates increases the welding tasks, and the welding process generates distortion and residual stress in the weldment because of the rapid heating and cooling. Welding distortion and residual stress in the welded structure resulte in many troubles such as deformation and life deterioration. In particular, the welding residual stress has an important effect on welding deformation, fatigue, buckling strength, brittleness, etc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the residual stress at a multi-pass weldment using an experimental method for EH36 high-tension steel. In this experimental method, AIS3000 was used to measure the residual stress of a welded part, HAZ, and base metal; EPMA and XRD were used to study the material properties.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.641-653
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• 2018

This paper presents experiment and bearing capacity analyses of steel dual-lintel column (SDC) joints in Chinese traditional style buildings. Two SDC interior joints and two SDC exterior joints, which consisted of dual box-section lintels, circular column and square column, were designed and tested under low cyclic loading. The force transferring mechanisms at the panel zone of SDC joints were proposed. And also, the load-strain curves at the panel zone, failure modes, hysteretic loops and skeleton curves of the joints were analyzed. It is shown that the typical failure modes of the joints are shear buckling at bottom panel zone, bending failure at middle panel zone, welds fracturing at the panel zone, and tension failure of base metal in the heat-affected zone of the joints. The ultimate bearing capacity of SDC joints appears to decrease with the increment of axial compression ratio. However, the bearing capacities of exterior joints are lower than those of interior joints at the same axial compression ratio. In order to predict the formulas of the bending capacity at the middle panel zone and the shear capacity at the bottom panel zone, the calculation model and the stress state of the element at the panel zone of SDC joints were studied. As the calculated values showed good agreements with the test results, the proposed formulas can be reliably applied to the analysis and design of SDC joints in Chinese traditional style buildings.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.429-448
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• 2016

This paper presents a finite element (FE) model for predicting the behaviour of steel column-column connections under axial compression and tension. A robustness approach is utilised for the design of steel column-column connections. The FE models take into account for the effects of initial geometric imperfections, material nonlinearities and geometric nonlinearities. The accuracy of the FE models is examined by comparing the predicted results with independent experimental results. It is demonstrated that the FE models accurately predict the ultimate axial strengths and load-deflection curves for steel column-column connections. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of slenderness ratio, contact surface imperfection, thickness of cover-plates, end-plate thickness and bolt position. The buckling strengths of steel column-column connections with contact surface imperfections are compared with design strengths obtained from Australian Standards AS4100 (1998) and Eurocode 3 (2005). It is found that the column connections with maximum allowable imperfections satisfy the design requirements. Furthermore, the steel column-column connections analysed in this paper can be dismantled and reused safely under typical service loads which are usually less than 40% of ultimate axial strengths. The results indicate that steel column-column connections can be demounted at 50% of the ultimate axial load which is greater than typical service load.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2016

In this study, a restoring viscous damper is introduced for X-type damper system which is designed for the seismic response control of large spatial structures. A nonlinear numerical model for its behavior is developed using the result of dynamic loading tests. The X-type damper system is composed of restoring viscous dampers and connecting devices such as adjustable wire bracing, where the damping capacity of the system is controllable by changing the number of the dampers. The restoring viscous damper is devised to exert main damping force in tension direction, which is effective to prevent the buckling of bracing subjected to compressive axial force. To evaluate the performance of the proposed damper, dynamic cyclic loading tests are performed by using manufactured dampers at full scale. In order to construct the numerical model of the damper system, its model parameters are first identified using a nonlinear curve fitting method with the test data. The numerical simulations are then performed to validate the accuracy of the numerical model in comparison with the experimental test results. It is expected that the proposed system is effectively applicable to various building structures for seismic performance enhancement.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1403-1419
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• 2015

When precast concrete infill panels are connected to steel frames at discrete locations, interaction at the structural interface is neither complete nor absent. The contribution of precast concrete infill panels to the lateral stiffness and strength of steel frames can be significant depending on the quality, quantity and location of the discrete interface connections. This paper presents preliminary experimental and finite element results of an investigation into the composite behaviour of a square steel frame with a precast concrete infill panel subject to lateral loading. The panel is connected at the corners to the ends of the top and bottom beams. The Frame-to-Panel-Connection, FPC4 between steel beam and concrete panel consists of two parts. A T-section with five achor bars welded to the top of the flange is cast in at the panel corner at a forty five degree angle. The triangularly shaped web of the T-section is reinforced against local buckling with a stiffener plate. The second part consists of a triangular gusset plate which is welded to the beam flange. Two bolts acting in shear connect the gusset plate to the web of the T-section. This way the connection can act in tension or compression. Experimental pull-out tests on individual connections allowed their load deflection characteristics to be established. A full scale experiment was performed on a one-storey one-bay 3 by 3 m infilled frame structure which was horizontally loaded at the top. With the characteristics of the frame-to-panel connections obtained from the experiments on individual connections, finite element analyses were performed on the infilled frame structures taking geometric and material non-linear behaviour of the structural components into account. The finite element model yields reasonably accurate results. This allows the model to be used for further parametric studies.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 비선형 유한요소해석 기법을 이용하여 API-X80 강재 라인파이프의 대변형 비선형 거동을 모사하였다. 강재의 구성방정식을 작성하기 위해 GTN(Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman) 모델을 사용하였다. 대변형 해석을 위해 범용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS과 연계해서 사용할 수 있는 사용자 서브루틴(User Subroutine)의 사용자 재료모델(UMAT)을 개발하였다. 유한요소해석 결과와 일축인장실험의 결과와의 비교를 통해 GTN 모델에서 사용되는 재료모델상수를 도출하였다. 도출된 모델상수를 이용해 API-X80 강재 라인파이프의 소성 좌굴변형해석을 실시하여 실험결과와 비교하였고 소성 좌굴변형에서 발생하는 거동 특성을 성공적으로 모사하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

이 논문에서는 에너지 소산장치가 장착된 사장교의 지진 취약도 해석 방법을 제시하고 에너지 소산장치의 장착 및 주탑-보강형 연결 조건에 따른 지진 취약도 변화를 살펴본다. 입력지반운동, 에너지 소산장치 특성값 및 사장교 강성 모형에 확률 변수를 도입하여 불확실성을 고려하고 에너지 소산장치의 비선형 이력거동을고려하여 시간이력 해석을 수행한다. 해석결과의 회귀분석을 통한 최대 응답과 입력지반운동 세기(intensity) 사이의 관계식으로부터 취약도 해석을 위한 소요 역량(demand)을 수립한다. 역량(capacity)에 해당하는 한계상태는 주탑 하부의 전단력, 보강형의 교축방향 변위, 케이블 장력의 변동량 그리고 강주탑의 좌굴이 고려된다. 해석 예제로서 강주탑 사장교인 제 2 진도대교 모형에 대하여 취약도 해석을 수행하였다. 취약도 해석결과 에너지 소산장치의 사용을 통하여 구속 또는 비구속 연결조건시 높은 손상확률을 보이던 한계상태에 대하여 그 손상확률을 크게 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 염수환경이 고강성 탄소-에폭시 복합재의 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 시편은 UPN139B 탄소-에폭시 복합재로 제작하였고, 3.5% 염수에 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12개월 간의 침수 후 면내 인장시험과 전단시험을 수행하였다. 실험에서 온도 조절과 같이 흡수 시간을 절약하기 위한 특별한 가속방법은 사용하지 않았다. 섬유방향 및 기지방향 인장강도와 강성의 경우 12개월 동안의 침수에도 불구하고 특별한 변화를 발견할 수 없었다. 반면 12개월 침수 후 전단강도와 강성은 염수에 노출되지 않은 시편에 비해 약 10% 내외의 감소를 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 UPN139B가 우수한 섬유방향 강성과 내부식성으로 인하여 염수환경에서 외부수압에 의한 좌굴을 지지해야 하는 구조물의 설계에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.