• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2021

Buffalo animals are slaughtered at their early age and carcasses are chilled rapidly which deteriorates its meat quality and decreases the consumer likeliness of buffalo meat. This study investigated the appropriate methods to prevent the quality deterioration of buffalo meat during chilling. Twenty four 18-mon-old buffalo bulls were slaughtered, electrically stimulated and suspended either by hip or achilles tendon. After 24 h postmortem, meat quality characteristics were recorded. Results showed that electrical stimulation (ES) led to rapid decline of carcass pH compared to non-ES method (p<0.05). Furthermore, electrically stimulated meat presented lower shear force accompanied with the higher CIE L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values (p<0.05). Suspension methods only affect the meat shear values and were lowered in hip suspended samples. It can be concluded that ES combined with hip suspension can be adopted to prevent the meat quality deterioration of young buffalo bulls during postmortem storage.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.158-166
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• 2008

Member force, strain and stress distribution of a section are obtained for prestressed steel and concrete(PSSC) composite bridge subjected to dead and live load in order to interpret the effect of prestressing and deformation of tendon. The stress and strain distribution and moment capacity are obtained for both noncomposite and composite section and for allowable stress limit state, yield limit state and strength limit state. Reliability analysis is conducted after assuming limit states for deflection, stress and flexural strength. Comparing that the reliability index for stress is near 0 for example section which is designed to satisfy the allowable stress exactly, the reliability indexes for deflection and flexural strength are high. Reliability of PSSC girder which is designed based on allowable stress of bridge design code is high for deflection and flexural strength.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.214-224
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• 2008

Member force, strain and stress distribution of a section are obtained for optimized standard 25m~45m PSSC composite bridge subjected to dead and live load in order to interpret the effect of prestressing and deformation of tendon. The stress and strain distribution and moment capacity are obtained for both noncomposite and composite section and for allowable stress limit state, yield limit state and strength limit state. Reliability analysis is conducted after assuming limit states for stress and flexural strength. The reliability index for standard PSSC composite bridge which is designed to satisfy the allowable stress for flexural strength are higher than 3.5 which is required reliability indexes on American code for LRFD. Reliability of PSSC girder which is designed based on allowable stress of bridge design code is high for flexural strength.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3D
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• pp.499-509
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• 2006

Precast concrete deck has many advantages comparing with the in-situ concrete deck, and has been successfully applied to replacement of the deteriorated decks and to the newly constructed highway bridges in domestic region. In order to apply the precast decks into the railway bridges, however, differences of the load characteristics between the highway and the railway should be properly taken into account including the train load, longitudinal force of the continuous welded rail, acceleration or braking force, temperature change and shrinkage. Proper level of the longitudinal prestress of the tendons that can ensure integrity of the transverse joints in the deck system is of a primary importance. To this aim, the longitudinal tensile stresses induced by the design loads are derived using three-dimensional finite element analyses for the frequently adopted PSC composite girder railway bridge. The effect of the temperature change is also investigated considering the design codes and theoretical equations in an in-depth manner. The estimated proper prestress level to counteract those tensile stresses is above 2.4 MPa, which is similar to the case of the highway bridges.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

Purpose: In arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs there are generally weak link in tendon suture interface, arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs can have higher retear rates than open repairs. The purpose of this study was to compare the strength of UU (Ulsan University) suture than open modified MA (Mason-Allen) suture when suture anchored into bone. Materials and Methods: The human supraspinatus tendons were harvested from the shoulder of the cadaver and split in 2 times, producing four tendons per one shoulder, for a total of 24 specimens. Two suture configurations (UU, MA) were randomized and checked on each set of tendons. Specimens were cyclically loaded under force control between 5 and 30 N at 0.25 Hz for fifty cycles. Each specimen was loaded to failure under displacement control at 1 mm/sec. Cyclic elongation, peak to peak displacement, stiffness, ultimate tensile load, mode of failure were checked. Results: No significant difference was found between two suture configuration with respect to peak to peak displacement, cyclic elongation, and stiffness. With regard to ultimate failure load, there were no significant difference statistically between the UU suture and modified MA suture (109.4 N, 110.6 N). The most common mode of failure between both sutures was suture pull-out through the tendon. Conclusion: The UU suture and modified MA suture produced similar biomechanical properties.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.727-735
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• 2012

Recently, a high-strength strand of 2400 MPa was developed using domestic technologies. In 2011, KS D 7002 was revised to cover the newly developed high-strength strands to support their practical usage. Presently, however, discussions and evaluations are not sufficient on the mechanical properties of the strands and their performance in structural members. Also, there were no detailed reviews on the need to revise the current design code for practical use of the high-strength strands. In this study, flexural behavior of a member with the high-strength strands was estimated through sectional analysis and a review and comparison of the domestic and foreign design codes were conducted considering the analysis results. Also, the need for the revision of the design code was discussed. Such discussion especially focused on the estimation of the stress in strand, which related with various issues such as determination methods for yield point of strands, time-dependent loss of prestressing force, estimation of stress in strand at member failure, and net strain limit for ductile failure of member. The discussion revealed that some parts in the design code need a revision and the further studies are required.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1997

Prosthetic replacement is one of the most common methods of reconstruction after resection of malignant tumor around the knee. Gait analysis provides a relative objective data about the gait function of patients with prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the gait pattern of the patients who underwent limb salvage surgery with prosthesis for distal femur and that of patients with prosthesis for proximal tibia. This study included ten patients (4 males, 6 females, mean age 22.7 years, range 14-36) who underwent a wide resection and Kotz hinged modular reconstruction prosthesis replacement and six normal adult(Control). The site of bone tumor was the distal femur (Group 1) in six patients and proximal tibia (Group 2) in 4 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 82 months (mean : 33 months). The evaluation consisted of clinical assessment, radiographic assessment, gait analysis using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. The gait analysis included the linear parameters such as, walking velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, swing time, single support and double support time and the three-dimensional kinematics (joint rotation angle, velocity of joint rotation) of ankle, knee, hip and pelvis in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. For the kinetic evaluation, the moment of force (unit: Nm/kg) and power (unit: Watt/kg) of ankle, knee and hip joint in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. In the linear parameters, cadence, velocity, step time and single support were decreased in both group 1 and group 2 compared with control. Double support decreased in group 2 compared with control significantly(p<.05). In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2. In Kinematics, we observed significant difference (p<.05) of decreased knee flexion in loading response (G2

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 1999

The electromyographic activity of four muscles(biceps, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis) was mea­sured from non-dominant shoulders of 12 volunteers by six different provocative test for the biceps pathology. The provocative tests were Speed, Yergason, Ludington, Heuter, O'Brien and the abduction-extension test. Each test was performed in a force of 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. The levels of activity of the biceps were higher than those of the other rotator cuff muscles only in Speed's test: 28% in the biceps, 26% in the infraspinatus, 25% in the supraspinatus and 21 % in the subscapularis. The levels of activity of the biceps as a percent of MMT(maximal manual test) were higher in Speed's(42%) and O'Brien's test with the arm supinatecl(42%). Speed's test can isolate the activity of biceps better than the other tests but it is a nonspecific test by which the biceps tendon was also activated within other rotator cuff muscles.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.278-286
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• 2009

The aims of this study were to determined whether excitability of the $\alpha$-motor neuron is modulated by stretching and this changes were associated with flexibility of the muscle. In this study, $\alpha$-motor neuron excitability was measured by using the Hmax/Mmax ratio of the gastrocnemius H-reflex, and muscle flexibility was measured with the range of motion of the ankle dorsiflexion. The gastrocnemii of 10 healthy volunteers were stretched for 4 minutes(2 minutes stretching, 1 minute rest, and 2 minutes stretching) in each session by manual force. The Hmax/Mmax ratio of the H-reflex, as well as the range of motion of the ankle dosiflexion was measured through four different conditions: before stretching, as soon as after $1^{st}$ stretching, as soon as after $2^{nd}$ stretching and at 48 hours after $2^{nd}$ stretching. Excitability of the $\alpha$-motor neuron was decreased significantly after $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ stretching(p<0.05). Furthermore, the range of the dorsiflexion was increased significantly after $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ stretching(p<0.05). However, the excitability of the $\alpha$-motor neuron and range of the dorsiflexion at 48 hours after $2^{nd}$ stretching were not different from those of before stretching. These results suggest that reduced $\alpha$-motor neuron excitability of the gastrocnemius and increased flexibility of the ankle dorsiflexion would be followed by activation of the type III mechanoreceptor which around the ankle joint and the Golgi tendon organ in the gastrocnemius.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.427-436
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• 2004

The current study was conducted to determine the effect of suspension method on satisfaction level of Korean consumers and objective meat quality traits in Hanwoo longissimus dorsi(LD), triceps brachii(TB) and semimembranosus(SM) muscles. Eighteen Hanwoo steers were slaughtered and alternative sides were hung either by pelvic bone(TS) or Achilles tendon(Al). Sensory characteristics, WB-shear force, sarcomere length, water-holding capacity, saroomere length and cooking loss were determined after a 7-d chiller ageing. Higher carcass quality grade received significantly(p < 0.05) greater eating quality for LD, but the grade did not affect eating quality for both TB and SM. TS did not influence objective and subjective meat quality for TB, but that significantly(P < 0.05) improved eating quality for LD and SM. The most noticeable result was that when SM was tenderstretehed, eating quality was equivalent to that of nonna1ly hung LD. In relationship between objective and subjective meat quality assessments, eating qualty for LD had a significant(P < 0.05) relationship with intramuscular fat content, while that for SM was greatly(P < 0.05) related to saroomere length. The current study indicated that pelvic hanging was an effective way to improve eating quality both LD and SM, and carcass quality grades did not greatly reflect eating quality of SM and TB. The data also implied that instnunental measurements poorly estimated the satisfaction level of Korean conswners.