• Title/Summary/Keyword: teat

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Development of Automatic Measurement of Body Temperature by Taking the Temperature of Milk while Milking in Dairy Cattle (젖소에서 유즙체온 측정을 이용한 체온 자동 측정 방법의 개발)

  • 김용준;한종현;이수영;한병성;김동원
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.37-42
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    • 2002
  • To develop an automatic detecting system of body temperature of dairy cattle while milking, measurement of the temperature of mammary skin using three thermometers attached into the lining of teat cup was carried out for 23 dairy cattle, whereas measurement of the temperature of milk while milking was also performed for 263 animals. For the latter experiment, three thermometers were attached at 10cm(left and right) and 20 cm away from an individual milk collector on the milk transporting hose. Taking the rectal temperature was accompanied all the time for the experiments. The measurement of the temperature of mammary skin using teat cup was successful for 11 of 23 dairy cattle(47.8%) and the mean temperature was $33.5^{\circ}C$ with the mean difference of $5.2^{\circ}C$ from the mean rectal temperature. The measurement of the temperature of milk using the thermometers onto the milk transporting hose while milking was very successful , From 37.3 to $38.4^{\circ}C$ of rectal temperature, the temperature of milk was almost the same and from 38.5 to $39.5^{\circ}C$ of rectal temperature, the temperature of milk tended to be low with the difference of 0.1$^{\circ}C$. From 39.6 to $41^{\circ}C$ of rectal temperature, the temperature of milk tended to be low with the difference of $0.2-0.6^{\circ}C$. These results indicated that automatic detection of body temperature whether low or high can be possible if the temperature of milk is taken while milking and if it is connected to the integration system by on-line.

Analytical studies of bovine mastitis management by standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) (젖소 유방염 관리에 따른 세균 및 체세포수 등급 실태 조사 분석)

  • 허정호;정명호;박영호;조명희;이주홍
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.285-300
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    • 1998
  • 1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms' grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmer didn't do CMT Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farms(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72%) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28a ). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands.73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32%) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

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KSTAR Superconducting Magnet Supporting Post Prototype Manufacturing and Structural Load Test (KSTAR 초전도자석 지지각 시작품재작 및 구조시험)

  • 허남일;이영신
    • Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2001
  • A magnet supporting post installed between the lower TF coil tooled by 4.5 K supercritical helium and the cryostat base is one of the most important components of the superconducting magnet supporting structure for KSTAR Tokamak. This structure should be flexible to absorb thermal shrink of the magnet and also should be rigid to support the magnet weight and the Plasma disruptions load. The Post was designed with stainless steel 316LN and CFRP that have low thermal conductivity and high structural strength at low temperature. In order to verify the possibility of fabrication and the structural safety. a whole scale prototype of the KSTAR magnet supporting post was manufactured and tested. Static and compressive cyclic load tests under the maximum Plasma vertical disruption load and the magnet dead weight were performed. The teat results showed that the magnet supporting post of KSTAR Tokamak was possible to manufacture and structurally rigid.

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Modal teat/analysis result correlation of folding fin (접는 날개에 대한 모드시험/해석결과 보정)

  • 양해석
    • Journal of KSNVE
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.305-315
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    • 1996
  • Present paper aims at the correlation of modal characteristics of folding fin between test and analysis using an optimization theory. Folding fin is composed of a movable fin, a base fin, and many functional components related to the folding mechanism. Joint parts of folding fin in FEM are initially modeled as rigid elements resulting some difference between test and analysis in modal characteristics. Therefore, some equivalent springs representing joint parts are introduced to improve the FEM model. The springs were set as design variables, while the frequency difference between test and analysis was set as the object function. Bayesian procedure was ujsed for the minimization.

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Ultimate Strength of Composite Laminates with Free-Edge Delamination (자유단 충간분리를 갖는 복합재 적층판의 최종 파괴강도)

  • 양광영;윤성운;김재열
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 2002
  • This paper presets experimental and analytical studies of ultimate strength of [$[30_2/-30_2/90]_S$ carbon/epoxy laminates with free-edge delamination under uniaxial tension. We performed tensile teat far laminates with Telflon inserted on interfaces to simulate initial free-edge delamination, The experiment reveals that extensional stiffness of the laminate decreases by the initiation of the delamination, and that strength of the laminate without delamination is smaller than that of the laminates with delamination. Generalized quasi-three delamination finite element analysis, which employs energy release rate and maximum stress criteria, predicts the ultimate strength of the laminates with sufficient accuracy.

Teat-cup Attachment System for Robot Milking System (로봇 착유기를 위한 착유컵 착탈시스템)

  • Kim, W.;Min, B.R.;Kim, D.W.;Seo, K.W.;Lee, C.W.;Kwon, D.J.;Lee, D.W.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2003.02a
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    • pp.151-157
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    • 2003
  • 우리의 축산업은 노동력의 감소와 노령화에 따른 일손 부족, WTO체제에 따른 시장 개방으로 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 앞으로도 계속될 전망이다. 이런 여건을 극복하기 위해서는 생산성 향상 및 생산비 절감과 품질 향상을 통한 국제경쟁력을 갖추어야 한다. 현재 낙농은 낙농가의 감소와 호당 사육두수가 크게 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이로 인해 경영의 전업화가 가속되고 있으며, 노동력 부족이라는 문제를 앉고 있다 이를 해결하기 위해서는 기자제의 자동화와 기계화가 시급한 실정이다. (중략)

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A Study on Performance Characteristics in a LPG Fueled Engine (LPG 연료기관의 성능특성에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, K.H.;Baek, T.S.;Paek, Y.;Lee, J.T.
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.1203-1210
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to develop an engine for off-road vehicles especially for farm tractors using the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is known as a source of energy having good potential of substitute fuel for diesel engine because of its economical advantage and low pollutant materials after combustion. The study was focused on develop an engine of high in specific power output, low in specific fuel consumption and emission of pollutants. A series of teat was dope on the engine - various laboratory tests to analyze performance of the engine and actual field tests with the engine installed on a farm tractor as a power source.

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Head Louse Infestation among Primary School Children in Seosan-gun, Chungnam Province (충남 서산군 국민학교 학생에 있어서 머릿이(Head Louse) 감염상황)

  • 이순형;오창완채종일
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.141-143
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    • 1984
  • The head louse infestation had been no problem since 1960s in Korea. However, the present study revealed high infestation rate among the primary school children in Seosan-gun, Chungnam Province in July 1983. The cases of louse positive were determined by identifying the adult worms and/or their llits on scalp and hairs. The overall louse positive rate among 615 children examined was 73.5%. The rate was higher in girls (78.8%) than in boys (67.6%) and was highest in 3rd-4th school grades. It was observed that the more the number of family members the higher the infestation rate of children. The positive children were treated with 20% benzyl benzoate solution after the teat for louscidal effect in petri dish. However, establishment of intensive control measure is needed to prevent further infestation.

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TWO TONNEL PROJECTS IN SWELLING ROCKS

  • Lee, Young-Nam;Ha, H.B.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 1990.10a
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    • pp.35-50
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    • 1990
  • This paper describes the importance of incorporating the titre-dependent deformation behaviour in the design and construction of tunnels in swelling rocks. Two tunnel projects, in which authors got involved in Canada, are chosen to demonstrate the importance. In diversion tunnels for Oldman River Dan Projects time-dependent deformation characteristics of the mudrocks obtained from teat tunnel program were neglected in the design and construction of the tunnels and several sectional of concrete lining in tunnels were cracked extensively. In SABNGS No.3 Projects an extensive experimental program was carried out to study time-dependent deformation behaviour of highly swelling Queenston shale, with the air of establishing the constitutional relationship for the rock-structure time interaction analysis.

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Experimental Model Analysis of Double Floor (실험적 모드해석법에 의한 이중바닥구조의 동특성 해석)

  • 변근주;노병철;이헌주;이호범
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1993.10a
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    • pp.207-212
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    • 1993
  • When constructing highly precise production plants, for example, super LSI plants or semiconductor plants, it is important to take the necessary control countermeasures into consideration to obtain the working microvibration environment, which is directly related to product precision. Working environment of a clean room means vibration-free and there are only ultra-miro vibration which human cannot sense. In order to provide an place having a vibration-free working environment with only ultra-micro vibration it is necessary to posses a great number of vibration isolation technlogies, wide-ranging and abundant survey and teat data, and a high level of knowledge enabling comprehensive judgments to be made. In this study, experimental modal analysis is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of double floor for vibration-proofing near apparatus which generate vibration. It is concluded that the double floor system with rubber pad inserted between floor panel and pedestal is good for vibration proof.

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