• Educational Technology International
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-137
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• 2021

Embracing the important roles of presence, this study focused on exploring how to enhance online learners' learning engagement and learning achievement in distance higher education settings. More specifically, this study examined the structural relationships among university students' teaching presence, social presence, learning engagement, and perceived learning achievement in online learning environments using structural equation modeling. Data were collected from 206 university students enrolled in online courses in the second semester of 2020 at two large universities. According to the results of the data analysis, there was a significant relationship between teaching and social presence. Teaching presence and social presence predicted learning engagement that positively affected perceived learning achievement. Teaching presence was strongly associated with perceived learning achievement while social presence had a negative impact on that. Additionally, learning engagement had a mediating effect on the relationship between teaching presence and perceived learning achievement. This study found that students who perceived higher levels of teaching and social presences tend to more engage in learning, leading to perceiving better learning achievement. The findings suggest that the design, development, and implementation of effective online instruction should be needed to promote learning engagement, which can be linked to enhancing students' learning achievement. Implications and discussion are addressed in this article.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.312-320
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to explore the effect of the delivery format on teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes in distance learning of nursing students. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted to understand teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes depending on the delivery format of distance learning. Quota sampling methodology was used to recruit 295 nursing students from all over the country, and data collection was done from July 27 to September 10, 2020. The first delivery format for distance learning was synchronous learning in which communication between the instructor and students occurred simultaneously. The second delivery format was asynchronous learning in which prerecorded videos were provided and communication did not occur simultaneously. Results: In synchronous learning, teaching presence (especially direct facilitation) and learning presence (especially emotional expression) had a statistical significance that was higher than in asynchronous learning. However, in learning outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference. There were significant positive correlations between teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes, and there were significant positive correlations. Conclusion: It can be suggested that learning outcomes can be improved if presence is improved in the distance learning environment based on the results of this study. It is necessary to add contact with nursing students and instructors to improve teaching presence in the asynchronous learning, and it is necessary to help students express their emotions to improve learning presence.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2020

This study analyzed the influencing factors of learning engagement and teaching presence in online programming practice classes. The subjects of this study were students enrolled in an industrial specialized high school, who practiced creating Arduino circuits and programming using a web-based virtual practice tool called Tinkercad. This research adopted a tool that can measure task value, learning flow, learning engagement, and teaching presence. Based on this analysis, learning flow had a mediating effect between task value and online learning engagement, as well as between task value and teaching presence. Increasing learning engagement in online classes requires sensitizing the learners about task value, using hands-on platforms available online, and expanding interaction with instructors to increase learning flow of students. Furthermore, using virtual hands-on tools in online programming classes is relevant in increasing learning engagement. Future research tasks include: confirming the effectiveness of online learning engagement and teaching presence through pre- and post-tests, and conducting research on various practical subjects.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.119-143
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find out the relationship between teaching presence and self-directed learning readiness in e-learning environment. 219 cyber university students finished the web-formatted questionnaires. The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale-Adult Based Education instrument and Teaching Presence Scale instrument were used. The results of the present study can be concluded as follow. First of all, teaching presence and self-directed learning readiness have a very high relationship in e-learning environment. Secondly, all five components of teaching presence have significant correlations with self-directed learning readiness. Thirdly, depending on the results of multiple regression analysis, only components of instructional contents and facilitating communication predict the self-directed learning readiness.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.814-825
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• 2021

본 연구는 대학 온라인 튜터링 학습환경에서 교수실재감이 학업성취도와 학습만족도에 미치는 효과를 분석하여, 학생들의 대학생활 적응 및 학습역량 강화를 위한 교수방안을 모색하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구를 위해 2021학년도 1학기 부산시 소재 D학교 OO연구소 튜터링 프로그램 참가자들을 대상으로 교수실재감, 학업성취도 그리고 학습만족도를 조사하여 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 교수실재감과 학업성취도 및 학습만족도와의 관계분석에서는 학습활동의 학습관리, 참여관리, 내용구조화 순으로 높은 상관이 나타났으며, 교수실재감이 학업성취도와 학습만족도에 미치는 영향력에서는 튜티의 학습활동 하위영역인 학습관리에서 유의한 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 기초하여 온라인 튜터링 교수설계시에 교수실재감을 반영한 운영과정과 방법에 대한 방향성을 시사하였고, 학습환경에서 학습자의 학습경험의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 학습관리 방안에 대한 심도있는 논의를 제공하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of learners' learning flow in the effect of presence on academic achievement in web-based e-learning. For this purpose, this study analyzed the influencing relationship between the each factor based on the structural model with the learning flow as a mediator variable. Based on existing theoretical studies, learning satisfaction and academic achievement, which represent learning outcomes, are set as dependent variables, and teaching presence, cognitive presence, and social presence are set as independent variables. Data collected from a total of 256 e-learning learners were used in the analysis of this study. According to the results of the analysis, teaching presence, cognitive presence, and social presence were found to have a significant effect on academic achievement when a learning flow is a mediator variable. Concretely, teaching presence, cognitive presence, and social presence have a positive effect on the learning flow, while learning flow has a positive effect on learning satisfaction. On the other hand, learning flow has a negative effect on academic achievement. As a result of verifying the mediating effect of learning flow on the relationship between presence, learning satisfaction, and academic achievement, there was meditating effect in the aggregate. This study implies that in order to increase the level of learning satisfaction and academic achievement, it is necessary to make the teaching-learning design in the provision of contents and materials for e-learning so that the learner can feel the presence. The results of this study can be used as a basic data for seeking support and promotion strategies for enhancement of future learning flow and presence.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2010

본 연구는 사이버대학에서 교수실재감, 인지적 실재감, 사회적 실재감과 학습성과와의 구조적 인과관계를 분석하여 사이버교육의 개발 및 운영전략 모색에 기초자료를 제공하려고 한다. 2009년 1학기, W사이버대학생을 802명을 대상으로 교수실재감, 인지적 실재감, 사회적 실재감 및 학습성과를 조사하고 이들간의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 교수실재감과 인지적 실재감은 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 인지적 실재감은 학업성취도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 사이버대학에서의 사이버교육의 질 제고를 위해 요구되는 교수설계 및 운영전략을 제언하였다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2011

본 연구는 사이버대학생의 과제가치, 지각된 유용성이 학습성과(학습몰입, 학습지속의향)에 미치는 영향과 교수실재감의 매개효과를 분석하기 위해, H 사이버대학생 137명을 대상으로 수행되었다. 그 결과, 과제가치와 지각된 유용성은 학습몰입과 학습지속의향에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 확인되었으며, 교수실재감은 과제 가치와 지각된 유용성이 학습성과(학습몰입, 학습지속의향)을 예측하는 데 있어 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 사이버대학생의 학습성과(학습몰입, 학습지속의향)를 높이기 위해서는 과제가치, 지각된 유용성 향상을 위한 학습과정 설계 전략과 함께 교수자의 역할과 행동, 촉진을 제공하기 위한 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

The goal of this research was to understand the patterns of multidimensional engagement in MOOCs. An email with an online survey link was sent to enrollees in an MOOC course. The survey included 35 questions asking about engagement, teaching presence, and learning persistence. The items were validated in the literature, revised for the MOOC setting, reviewed by four professionals in the field of educational technology, and used in the study. A heterogeneous group of 170 individuals gathered through convenience sampling participated in the study. With cluster analysis of the engagement data, three groups were identified: Cluster1, 2, and 3. Cluster 1 scored high on behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. Cluster 2 scored high on behavioral aspects but low on emotional and cognitive engagement. Cluster 3 scored low on behavioral and cognitive engagement but high on emotional aspects. The study addressed cluster-specific learner characteristics and differences in perceived teaching presence and learning persistence. Design strategies pertaining to each cluster were further discussed. These strategies may guide instructors and practitioners in the design and management of MOOCs and should be further validated through future studies.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

본 연구는 사이버 학습과 면대면 학습의 장점을 결합한 초등 혼합형학습에서 자기결정성 학습동기, 교수실재감, 학습성과(학습만족도, 학습지속의지) 간의 구조 관계를 규명하기 위하여 A기업의 혼합형 수학학습서비스를 이용하는 초등학교 5, 6학년생 1,392명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 분석결과 자기결정성 학습동기가 높은 학습자일수록 학습자가 학습과정에서 인식하는 교수실재감이 높았고, 학습지속의지와 학습만족도도 높았다. 교수실재감은 학습만족도에 영향을 주고, 학습만족도는 학습지속의지에 영향을 주었다. 이에 혼합형 학습환경에서 초등학생의 학습만족도와 학습지속의지를 높이려면 자기결정성 학습동기를 높여주는 전략이 우선 처방되어야 하고, 다음으로 학습과정(학습내용의 구조화와 학습활동)을 효과적으로 설계하여 학생들이 인식하는 교수실재감을 향상시켜야 함을 시사하고 있다.