• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to ascertain the trends of future circumstances in primary education along with population change. These trends, which are subject to change in population and structure, have a great impact on the size and characteristics of primary school-aged children. Accordingly, it is imperative for the government to plan for future conditions involving primary education. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. In the long-term primary school children aged 6-11, which accounted for 17.7% of the total population in 1970, will decline to 8.6% by the year 2000, 6.9% in 2020 and 6.4% in 2030. This drastic reduction in fertility rate is a direct result of pressure by the government to control population. 2. In 1996, the total number of classes in primary schools rose to 106,594. In the future, these numbers will actually decline. By 2003 the total number of classes will peak at 142,605, but until then drop off to 112,288 by 2030-a decrease of over 6,000. 3. The actual number of primary schools in 1997 totaled 5,721. This figure will reach its highest peak, 5,942, in 2003, but it is expected decrease later after declining by 1,263, it will bottom out at 4,679 in 2003. 4. The number of teachers at primary schools increased from 101,095 in 1970, 119, 064 in 1980, 136,800 in 1990 to 138,369 in 1995. Accordingly this means that the ratio of students to teaching staff changed for the better. By the year 2005, if teachers of specialty subjects (music, art, English, physical education) are assigned to every primary school with over 18 classrooms and the number of students per class is 30, it should improve educational surroundings. This is because it is expected that the population of primary school children will continue to grow until 2003 and then decrease. Thus, there is a need to maintain the number of primary school teachers between the years 2003 and 2030 so that the ratio of students to teachers will be reduced to 1/20.25. In considering factors related to migration which influence conditions of education, it is evident that changes have already begun. In the suburbs of Seoul, population shifts are causing overcrowding in classrooms. The government believes it would be inefficient to invest in education because fluctuating migration figures make it impossible. Accordingly, we have to be concerned about stabilizing the population throughout the entire country.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.47-66
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop an educational smart app for classes by reconstructing some of the teaching-learning contents of the clothing preparation planning within the 'clothing preparation planning and selection' curriculum unit. To this end, a teaching-learning process plan was planned for the classes, a smart app was developed for classes, and feedback from home economics teachers and app development experts was received for the developed app. The main composition of the developed app consists of five steps. The first step is to set up a profile using a real photo, ZEPETO or Galaxy emoji, or iPhone Memoji. In the second step, students make a list of clothes by figuring out the types, quantities and conditions of their exisitng wardrobe items. Each piece of clothing is assigned an individual registration number, and stduents can take pictures of the front and back, along with describing key attributes such as type, color, season-appropriateness, purchase date, and current status. Step three guides students in deciding which garments to retain and which to discard. Building on the clothing inventory from the previous step, students classify items to keep and items to dispose of. In Step 4, Deciding How to Arrange Clothing, students decide how to arrange clothing by filling out an alternative scorecard. Through this process, students can learn in advance the subsection of resource management and self-reliance, laying the foundationa for future learning in 'Practice of Rational Consumption Life'. Lastly, in the fifth stage of determining the disposal method, this stage is to develop practical problem-oriented classes on how to dispose of the clothes to be discarded in the thirrd stage by exploring various disposal methods, engaging in group discussions, and sharing opinions. This study is meaningful as a case study as an attempt to develop a smart app for education by an instructor to align teaching plans and educational content with achievement standards for the class. In the future, upgrades will have to be made through user application.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.484-497
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate high school students' conceptions of plate tectonics. Seventy students (N=70) in their 2 year of high schools in the province of Chungcheong-do participated in this study, and they took a conception test of visual representation. We conducted a semi-structured interview with 10 volunteering participants out of seventy. After learning about the concept of plate tectonics, this study found that participants ended up having alternative conceptions relating to terminology, meaning of colors, plates' movement, plates' boundaries, position and cause of melting, mantle's physical conditions, and driving forces of plate motion. The conceptions that the participants held after class were organically related, which included the meaning of colors, mantle's physical characteristic, and driving forces of plate movement. In addition, the visual representation used for teaching plate tectonics influenced the students' understanding about terminologies, plates' boundaries, position of melting, and the physical characteristic of mantle. The study found that there were the factors of visual representation that caused the learners to create alternative conceptions in learning about plate tectonics.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.905-912
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• 2012

We are dealing with the Bayes' rule education tool with Excel Macro and its usage example. When an event occurs, we are interested in whether it does under certain conditions or not. In this case, we use the Bayes' rule to calculate the probability. Bayes' rule is very useful in making decision based on newly obtained statistical information. We introduce an efficient self-teaching educational tool developed to help the learners understand the Bayes' rule through intermediate steps and descriptions. The concept and examples of intermediate steps such as conditional probability, multiplication rule, law of total probability, prior probability and posterior probability could be acquired through step-by-step learning. All the processes leading to result are given with diagrams and detailed descriptions. By just clicking the execution button, users could get the results in one screen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.99-114
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• 2017

The uniqueness of Bali is inseparable from its culture and religion. Embedded in the cultural environment, textiles become one of the most important aspects in Balinese life as it is used as a medium in sacred ceremonies. Balinese textiles are made and used under special conditions according to Hindu teaching. This paper aims to observe the aesthetics of Balinese sacred cloths that are seen in their techniques, colors, and patterns. Quantitative research included in this study is based on 261 images taken from literature review and Museums. Field research was done in eastern part of Bali. This paper has divided the era between ancient and modern times. The ancient era before the 20th century used textiles for religious purposes. Modern era started from the colonialization period by the Dutch in Bali during 1910-1942 added economic values to the textiles. The independence of Indonesia in 1945 created Balinese textiles as a unifying value as one of the identity of Indonesia. The techniques are classified as Weft Ikat, Double Ikat, weave with Supplementary Weft, and Prada. The colors of the ancient era are 'fixed' with the restriction of the colors red, black, and white. The colors of modern era are 'festive' with combination of yellow, green, blue, and purple. The characteristics of patterns are geometric, natural, human, and animal groups. Field research in this paper observes Klungkung Village that produces Endek and Songket cloths. The aesthetics of Endek cloth is 'royal statement' and Songket cloth is a 'cultural heritage.' Nusa Penida Island produces Cepuk cloths and is a 'protective guardian.' Satria sub-district produces Prada cloths and appears to be an 'opulence charm.' Lastly, Tenganan Village produces Geringsing cloth which possesses a 'legendary legacy.' To sum up, Balinese sacred cloth essence is a balance of tradition and modern.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.69-87
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• 2006

This article attempts to explore how the women retirees under study were able to continue work until retirement. This study used life histories, especially focusing on daily working lives, and uncovered a number of key issues through in-depth interviews. The main results are as follows: Firstly, the women retirees examined here had been raised as highly educated people, and their strong educational background was a base component for them to have relatively secure careers. Their parents had also supported practically the women retirees during their working lives. In addition, the women retirees had to can out the roles of 'provider' for their original families, procreation families or in-law families, even though they were not given the recognized roles of provider. Secondly, the women retirees had a private infra system to support them with housework and child care. In addition, because they were financially able to employ housemaids, the women retirees did not experience conflicts with their husbands, who took on a neo-traditional sex role. Finally, thanks to relatively good working conditions such as having vacations and being able to come to and leave the office on time, the women retirees were able to continue work until retirement no mean feat in a society which openly practiced gender discrimination.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.184-197
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• 2010

This study was conducted by the questionnaires to 323 undergraduate students in fashion related departments. Questionnaires were designed to ask total 23 questions including possibility of halfway dropouts, establishment of goals, self-improvement, entrance motives, satisfaction ratings of academic subjects, job prospects and path planning, amelioration of ways to instruct, desires for the integrated lessons and intense academic courses, wishes of field project education carrying out tasks, desired lecturers, and others. Results in this research were summarized as follows. To begin with, it was appeared that respondents with possibility of halfway dropouts showed considerable percentage (25.4%) and the reasons left out were various including joining the army, the poor economic conditions in family, a major not corresponding with one's aptitude. Secondly, in the extent of establishing goals and improving oneself, there was the difference between people with possibility of halfway dropouts and people without that, and it was judged that the extent of establishing goals and improving oneself as good parameters could explain halfway omission. Thirdly, the ways to teach for getting classes interesting were to make instruction according to one's capabilities, to progress systematically, and to take lessons with specific goals. Fourth, many respondents answered to want the integrated lessons, intense academic courses, and field project education carrying out tasks. Fifth, an overwhelming majority of respondents hoped instructors with a outstanding ability in business. For improvement of the ways to instruct and the role of professors, it is suggested as follows. First, students are given intelligible lessons focused on fundamental subjects fitted to their levels and also need gradual intense academic courses classified by their way directions and interests. Second, creative and individualized teaching methods depending on the majors and levels are developed to help students have strong interest in schoolwork. Third, professors are constantly to learn practical techniques and skills related to industries in step with the education goals of college. Fourth, it is desirable to adopt instructors with practical business talents rather than theoretical capabilities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

This stduy aimed to suggest a possible way for a new setting of interior design education through analyzing educational situations of domestic interior design societies. The study showed that interior design education should not follow expressive methods made from practical work which had been popular in the past and it should establish fundamental formation to make interior design education useful in industrial fields through active educationalindustrial complex. Interior design education is not possible without interrelationship with other professional fields and cooperative attitudes among them. The rapid development in the modern industrial world and the ever-growing information processing world regardless of ideology and regiional boundaries indicate that the future of interior design education will be no longer effective with traditional education systems. The idea suggested in this study may be understood as a bridge between the educational reality and its ideal in interior design teaching. The main points of the study are follows. First, the projects of advanced interior design should be focused on increasing the ability for problem solving rather than accumulating basic knowledge. Second, motivation is important for the maximization of the efficiency of educatiov. Therefore a few suggestions in establishing design conditions, as strategies of inducing 'attention', 'self-confidence', 'satisfaction', and 'relevance' are closely examined to propose practical application methods. Third, educational methods should be developed towards creativity in order to increase abilities of thinking and expressiov. Finally, it is necessary to explore various device which help internship participants to get experiences with a sense of practical situations in industrial fields. This could be possibly done by enforcing academic grades for the work done as an internship participation; by employing workmen in industrial fields as faculty members; and by bringing faculty members into actual industrial situations and providing workmen with lectures. A new approach for a better design education seems to be desirable for the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to grasp the retention status of household items for children and the real condition of storage targeting dual career families of living in 3-bedroom apartment. To do this, a field survey was conducted by having subjects as 30 households of conforming with the requirements. This led to understanding kinds and quantities of household items for children inside the residence and to surveying the present status on household items of being stored by room, thereby having analyzed a difference in household items according to children's age. The survey results are as follows. First, the household items for children within dwelling were indicated to be totally 145 detailed items. In the quantities of the detailed items, a great difference was shown by age in clothes, books, teaching aids, toys, and stationery. Second, as a result of examining a place of being stored the household items for children, the household items in great quantities were found in living room, room 1, and room 3 even in addition to room 2 that is children's room. Third, in consequence of looking at the storage status of household items for children by age level, it could be known that very different household items are being used depending on children's age, and that a place of storing household items is much varied by age. This outcome could lead to being capable of knowing that one-child families living in 3-bedroom apartment are using every room focusing on child, and that child's household items are being disorderedly stored in each space, thereby requiring the systematic storage plans so much that reflect the real situation.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the middle science teachers' perceptions on science lessons with experiments. The study conducted a survey for 110 science teachers participating in inservice program. The middle school science teachers taught classes with lectures rather than with experimental activities. They had an experiment one to three times a semester in their lessons. They did an experiment to follow to what the textbook said, or to confirm it, like a cookbook style. The most teachers answered that they had over average ability to teach both lecture and experiment. Through the experiment, they expected students had interests and curiosity on science. Despite the advantages of experiments, there were many constraints to conduct experiments, such as teachers' excessive work, laboratory conditions, education environment, and others. It was demanded on continuous interest and investment in the variation of educational environment so that teachers can experiment more often.