• Mycobiology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2008

In previous studies investigating the genus Xanthoparmelia, thirteen different species have been reported from South Korea alone. However, there currently has been no revisional study performed until now. To explore the genus Xanthoparmelia, a phenotypic analysis was performed based on morphological, anatomical and chemical characters, while an investigation of Xanthoparmelia phylogeny was based on nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA ITS sequences. A thorough examination of the specimens deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) confirmed that eight species of Xanthoparmelia occur inside South Korea. Our analysis further confirmed the colors of the lower surface and medullar chemistry are important taxonomic characters in Xanthoparmelia. This study also presents a detailed description of each species and a key to the genus.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2024

The genus Grapholita Treitschke, belonging to the tribe Grapholitini, comprises over 150 species worldwide with the majority occurring in the Holarctic region. However, in other regions, only few species are reported owing to a lack of collection and taxonomic study. The genus includes important agricultural pests worldwide that feed on several plants in the families Fabaceae and Rosaceae. In Korea, a comprehensive taxonomic study is required as only eight species have been reported to date. In this study, two species of Grapholita Treitschke, G. latericia Komai, 1999 and G. pallifrontana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) are newly recorded from Korea. We provide redescribed and illustrated adult and available genitalia. Additionally, all available information, including collecting localities, distribution, host plants and biological characteristics is presented.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2024

Two species belonging to the genus Gregarinidra Barroso, 1949 (Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata: Flustridae) were first found in this study from Korean waters. Gregarinidra furcula n. sp. is new to science, and G. incrustans (Silén, 1941) is newly added to the Korean fauna. Species belonging to this genus are primarily distinguished by two characteristics: interzooidal avicularia and marginal spines. The pitchforked spines clearly distinguish G. furcula n. sp. from the other Gregarinidra species, and G. incrustans shows the difference by having blunt spines and short-triangular avicularia. Gregarinidra incrustans was known to be distributed only in Japan until this species was reported from the South Sea, Korea, in the present study. This study provides descriptions of two species with detailed illustrations by scanning electron microscopy, distributional data, and a taxonomic key to the Korean Gregarinidra species. With the addition of two species reported herein, four Korean Gregarinidra are recorded: G. corbula Seo, 1996, G. furcula new species, G. incrustans(Silén, 1941), and G. serrata (MacGillivray, 1869). Finally, Gregarinidra totals 10 species worldwide.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

Rates of molecular evolution are known to vary widely among taxonomic groups. A number of studies, examining various taxonomic groups, have indicated that body size is negatively and clutch size is positively correlated with the rates of nucleotide substitutions among vertebrate species. Generally, either smaller body mass or larger clutch size is associated with shorter generation times and higher metabolic rates. However, this generality is subject to ongoing debate, and large-scale comparative studies of species below the Order level are lacking. In this study, phylogenetically independent methods were used to test for relationships between rates of the mitochondrial cytochrome b evolution and a range of life history traits, such as body mass and clutch size in the Order Galliformes. This analysis included data from 67 species of Galliformes birds and 2 outgroup species in Anseriformes. In contrast to previous studies, taxa were limited to within-Order level, not to Class or higher. I found no evidence to support an effect of life history traits on the rate of molecular evolution within the Galliformes. These results suggest that such relationship may be too weak to be observed in comparisons of closely related species or may not be a general pattern that is applicable to all nucleotide sequences or all taxonomic groups.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.55-72
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate developmental trends in organization strategy for taxonomic and slot-fiber lists and category typicality, use of organization strategy in relation to developmental changes in category knowledge structure, emergent organization capacity and effects in category typicality on children's recall. Moreover, the influences of children's age, use of organization strategy, list types and category typicality on children's recap were figured out. The major results were as follows. 1. Children's recall use of organization strategy increased with age. That is, the older children performed better recap and used organization strategy on both list types than the younger children. 2. AU children performed recall and used organization strategy better for the slot-filler than taxonomic list. The 4-year-olds, however, demonstrated better recap and use of organization strategy for the slot-filler than taxonomic list. While the 6-year-olds and 8-year-olds showed no such differences. These findings were supported the view that script-based slot-filler categories have a strong influence on young children's memory performance. 3. At each age level, children showed higher level of recall and use of organization strategy for category typical than category atypical list. AU children received higher scores for the typical than atypical items on recap and use of organization strategy. 4. Children's age, use of organization strategy, list types, and category typicality of lists significantly predicted children's recap.58% of the variance of children's recap was explained by four variables.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2014

The hairtail (currently recognized as Trichiurus lepturus in Korea) is one of the most important commercial fish species in Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Because the amount of catches has been steadily declining, we must determine the early life stages of the hairtail from the viewpoint of resource management. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of the hairtail is unclear among ichthyologists, potentially creating management difficulties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare morphological and molecular information on eggs, larvae, and adults of hairtail from Korea with that of T. lepturus from the Atlantic Ocean, and to review the taxonomic status of the hairtail. A total of 510 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences of 12 eggs, 2 larvae, and 11 adults of the hairtail from the Korean waters clearly matched those of Trichiurus japonicus adults (d = 0.000-0.014) from the East China Sea rather than those of T. lepturus (d = 0.100-0.110) from the Atlantic Ocean. Our results also showed that larvae of the Korean hairtail are different than those in the Atlantic Ocean in having no melanophores along the ventral edge of the lower jaw. Therefore, our findings suggest that the hairtail in the Korean waters may not be T. lepturus, but T. japonicus.

• Mycobiology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2022

Lichen is a symbiotic mutualism of mycobiont and photobiont that harbors diverse organisms including endolichenic fungi (ELF). Despite the taxonomic and ecological significance of ELF, no comparative investigation of an ELF community involving isolation of a pure culture and high-throughput sequencing has been conducted. Thus, we analyzed the ELF community in Parmotrema tinctorum by culture and metabarcoding. Alpha diversity of the ELF community was notably greater in metabarcoding than in culture-based analysis. Taxonomic proportions of the ELF community estimated by metabarcoding and by culture analyses showed remarkable differences: Sordariomycetes was the most dominant fungal class in culture-based analysis, while Dothideomycetes was the most abundant in metabarcoding analysis. Thirty-seven operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were commonly observed by culture-and metabarcoding-based analyses but relative abundances differed: most of common OTUs were underrepresented in metabarcoding. The ELF community differed in lichen segments and thalli in metabarcoding analysis. Dissimilarity of ELF community intra lichen thallus increased with thallus segment distance; inter-thallus ELF community dissimilarity was significantly greater than intra-thallus ELF community dissimilarity. Finally, we tested how many fungal sequence reads would be needed to ELF diversity with relationship assays between numbers of lichen segments and saturation patterns of OTU richness and sample coverage. At least 6000 sequence reads per lichen thallus were sufficient for prediction of overall ELF community diversity and 50,000 reads per thallus were enough to observe rare taxa of ELF.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.99-113
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• 2023

The nudibranch is one of the most colorful gastropod species found in oceans worldwide. Unlike many other gastropod groups, the nudibranch loses an external shell in the adult stage, but instead develops various chemical defense systems. More than 2,500 nudibranch species have been reported worldwide, and 73 species are currently recorded in Korean waters. In this study, we present morphological descriptions, DNA barcode information of mtDNA cox1 sequence, and taxonomic review for five nudibranch species: Apata pricei (MacFarland, 1966), Doto rosacea Baba, 1949, Janolus toyamensis Baba and Abe, 1970, Polycera abei (Baba, 1960), and Trinchesia sibogae (Bergh, 1905). Of these, we also provide in-depth discussion of taxonomic issue of A. pricei that was previously subdivided into two subspecies, A. pricei pricei and A. pricei komandorica. Our morphological examination and molecular analyses of the mtDNA cox1 sequences indicate that these two subspecies are not taxonomically warranted. The phylogenetic information for the other nudibranch species from mtDNA cox1 sequence analysis is also included, providing a molecular basis for species identification and inferring their local phylogenies within each of the species groups discussed herein.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1996

형태학적 제3군 가시아메바의 taxonomic validity는 아직 확실하지 않다. 이번 연구에서 제3군에 속하는 6종의 가시 아메바 즉 A. culbertsoni A. healyi A. palestinensis. A. pustulosa, A. royreba 및 A. lenticulata의 type strain들의 동위효소. 미토콘트리아 DNA 및 small subunit(ssu) rDNA의 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) 양상을 비교하여 이들의 taxonomic validity를 검토하였다. 미토콘드리아 DNA의 RFLP 양상은 분리주간에 서로 심한 차이를 보였다. A. palestinensis와 A. pustulosc는 거의 동일한 rDNA RFLP(추정 염기 치환율 2.6%) 및 동위효소의 양상을 보여 A. palestinensis와 A. pustulosc는 같은 종으로 판단되었다. 그외의 종들은 서로 아주 다양한 rDNA RFLP 및 동위효소의 양상을 나타내어 독립종으로 인정되었다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2015

표본과 야외조사를 기초로 한국산 황기속의 분류학적 재검토가 이루어 졌다. 그 결과 한반도에는 다음과 같은 8종 1변종이 분포하는 것으로 밝혀졌다 A. laxmannii subsp. laxmannii (자주개황기), A. dahuricus (자주황기), A. sikokianus (강화황기), A. uliginosus (개황기), A. schelichowii (긴꽃대황기), A. setsureianus (설령황기), A. mongholicus var. dahuricus (황기), A. mongholicus var. nakaianus (제주황기), A. sinicus (자운영). 최근의 황기속에 대한 분류학적 연구결과들을 참조하여 한국산 종들의 학명이 재정리 되었다. 기존에 탐라황기를 포함한 자주개황기의 학명으로 쓰이던 A. adsurgens를 A. laxmannii subsp. laxmannii에 포함시켰다. 한반도 특산으로 강원도에서 처음 기재된 정선황기는 강화황기와 동종으로 판단되었다. 한편 한국산으로 잘 알려져 있지 않던 설령황기와 긴꽃대황기에 대해 분류학적 실체와 형태적 특징을 자세히 밝혔다. 또한 한국산 종들의 이명을 포함한 학명 정리와 분류학적 견해를 기술하고 검색표를 작성하였다.