• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.388-408
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• 2022

This study was conducted to select the indicator species (plant) according to the topographical characteristics in the Picea jezoensis forests, endangered subalpine coniferous trees. In South Korea and China (close to Baekdusan), the southern tree line limit of Picea jezoensis has meaningful geographical and latitudinal values for analyzing the ecological characteristics of P. jezoensis forests. Latitude greatly affects the geographical values of plant ecology, and the difference in latitude and habitat affects the change in species composition in forests. With prolonged environmental change, the habitat of subalpine plants will become smaller, and the plants may become extinct. As the P. jezoensis forests of South Korea and China, in particular, are in danger of disappearing without protection, it is important to monitor the population and develop a conservation strategy. Eighty-seven circular plots were established in P. jezoensis forests in South Korea and China. Through processes such as MRPP-test and NMS ordination, indicator species were selected based on this, and basic data for biodiversity assessment were presented. As a result of the Indicator Species Analysis (ISA), 5 taxa were selected from the upperstory vegetation and 18 taxa from the understory vegetation at the altitude(p<0.05). Indicator species by aspect were analyzed as 3 taxa for upperstory vegetation and 16 taxa for understory vegetation (p<0.05). In the case of indicator species according to the slope, 6 taxa for upper vegetation and 24 taxa for understory vegetation were selected(p<0.05). As for the indicator species according to their habitat, 8 taxa in upper vegetation and 65 taxa on understory vegetation were selected. As a result of MRPP-test, it was analyzed that the species composition was heterogeneous in the group of understory vegetation than that of upperstory vegetation. As a result of NMS ordination, the correlation with environmental factors of indicator species was analyzed by rock exposure for upperstory vegetation and latitude for understory vegetation (cut off level=0.3).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2006

In an estuary, ecological dynamic is modified for a long time and memorized in soils and landscapes. As landscape memory, ecological motif is defined with dominance and rarity of vegetation. The purpose of the study is to investigate the existing vegetation character and to propose the ecological motif of this area. The present salt-water plants, community species composition and constancy degree around the estuary in Buandam watershed Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do were analyzed. The results are as follows. The flora of the salt-water plants was listed as 16 taxa; 6 families,13 genera,14 species and 2 varieties. 5 taxa were Gramineae, 4 taxa Chenopodiaceae, and 4 taxa Comrositae. The salt-water plant communities are a total of 10 communities as listed; Zoysia sinica-Artemisia scoparia community, Phacelurus latifolius community, Artemisia scoparia Cnidium japonicum community, Limonium tetragonum -Artemisia scoparia community, Artemisia scoparia community, Suaeda japonica community, Elymus dahuricus community, Suaeda asparagoides community, Zoysia sinica community, and Zoysia sinica-Suaeda japonica community. Analyzed by the community classification species class of constancy degree, Phacelurus latifolius, Cnidium japonicum, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda japonica, Elymus dahuricus and Suaeda asparagoides belong to I, Zoysia sinica and Artemisia scoparia to II. Elymus dahuricus, Setaria viridis var. pachystachys, Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola, Phacelurus latifolius, Atriplex gmelini, Salicornia herbacea, Calystegia soldanella and Aster tripolium belong to the accompaniment species to I: Zoysia sinica, Suaeda asparagoides, Artemisia capillaris to II; Suaeda japonica, Artemisia scoparia to III ; Cnidium japonicum to IV: Limonium tetragonum, Artemisia fukudo to V. And the ecological motif is the Phacelurus latifolius community.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2001

Biomass and species composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton along the salinity gradients in the Seomjin River estuary were investigated in March, July, September and November, 1999. The locations of sampling sites were set based on the surface salinity during each cruise rather than geographic locations. A total of 96 phytoplankton species were identified with 60 diatom species in the study area. The species number of green algae was relatively high in low salinity region while the number of dinoflagellates increased in high salinity areas. Monthly mean of phytoplankton biomass ranged from 183 cells/ml to 833 cells/ml. There was a diatom bloom of Skeletonema costatum in November at the 5-15 psu salinity region and sharp decrease of biomass in very low salinity region occurred in March. During the rainy season in July with the salinity less than 8.1 psu, the green algae dominated in most of the study areas. Chroomonas spp. were highly dominant in March and September and the biomass increased towards the high salinity regions. A total of 83 zooplankton taxa were identified with 72 marine and 11 freshwater taxa. Major group of marine form was copepods with34 taxonomic groups. Most freshwater taxa were aquatic insects. Threshold salinities of freshwater zooplankton appearance were 8.1 psu in July, 4.7 psu in September, and 0.2 psu in November. The number of taxa appeared and abundances of zooplanktons were minimal in the middle of salinity gradients in this estuary.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.278-289
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• 2007

This study investigated species formation and their vegetation on the roadsides of 1100 Road and 5 16 Road in Hallasan National Park from August 2004 to December 2006 to provide basic data for distributional attribute of the naturalized plants. The vascular plants investigated on the roadsides of Hallasan National Park were found to be 62 families, 145 genera, 197 taxa in total, in which naturalized plants were recorded as 11 families, 29 genera, and 37 taxa. The floristic formation at 1100 Roadside was composed of Festuca arundinacea-Dactylis glomerata association, which was again divided into Trifolium pratense-Plantago lanceolata sub-association and Sasa quelpaertensis-Gleichenia japonica sub-association. The florisitic composition of the 5 16 Roadside was sorted as Festuca arundinacea-Dactylis glomerata association, Oplismenus undulatifolius-Potentilla fragarisiiforlia, elatior association, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and etatior-Persicaria thunbergii association. Among the naturalized plants distributed at this area, the annual plant accounts for 51.4%[19 taxa] and the plant of European origin accounts for 70.3%[26 taxa]. As for the background of the introduction of these plants, the case of introduction for forage or a mixture with grain and for pasture was 35.1% and 21.6% respectively, showing higher introduction circumstances than others. As shown in the study, most of the roadsides were occupied by the naturalized plants- Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata association and various naturalized plants; thus we can assume that it's because Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata association were mostly used for re-vegetation of the destroyed areas due to road construction or expansion or road maintenance and improvement project.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2001

The ichthyoplankton were sampled during six different months (January, March, May, July, September and November 1998) to study seasonal variation and species composition of the ichthyoplankton in Sunchon Bay. During the study, fish eggs collected in May and July were identified as belonging to 4 species. The most of dominant species Engraulis japonicus accounted for 54.1% of the total fish eggs, followed by Leiognathus nuchalis (21.8%), Ilisha elongata (12.7%) and Konosirus punctatus (11.4%). The collected larvae and juveniles were identified into 12 taxa. 11 of which were identified to species level, and 1 taxa identif ied only to family level, respectively. The dominant species, Ilisha elongata, accounted for 48.9% of the total larvae and juveniles: it was followed by Pholis nebulosa at 31.8%. A species of Gobiidae and Thryssa hamiltoni accounted for 15.8% and 2.2% of the total, respectively. The 4 taxa constituted 98.7% of the total collected larvae and juveniles.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.332-342
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• 2007

Species composition and quantitative and body length composition of the ichthyoplankton were investigated by samples collected from the coastal waters of uljin in January, April, July and October, 2002. During the study, the collected fish eggs were identified as belonging to 7 taxa. The most of dominant species Engraulis japonicus, were accounted for 38.34% of the total fish eggs, followed by Sillago sihama (25.84%). The collected larvae and juveniles were identified into 25 taxa, 18 families, 7 orders. The domninant species Engraulis japonicus accounted for 90.46% of the total larvae and juveniles, followed by Sebastes schlegeli 2.04%. These 2 taxa constituted 92.50% of the total collected larvae and juveniles. The diversity index of species per months of the collected juveniles the coastal water of Uljin, 2002 was 0.0878~2.3855 and the evenness index was 0.0451~0.9300. in case of dominance index was 0.3000~0.9914 against the evenness index. The analyzed species diversity index by the each stations was 0.3035~0.7440 and the dominance index was 0.8919~0.9669 against the species diversity index. The similarity of community structure per season was very high because of the relative difference (0.010), which was the least in Summer and Fall. In addition, the community structure was very similar in state 1 and state 4 out of each stations because the relative difference was the least, 0.139.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the changes understory vegetation composition (shrub and herb layers) in Mt. Gyebang as a northern-temperate deciduous broadleaf forest. Tracheophytes were 146 taxa, consisting 56 families, 93 genera, 124 species, 17 varieties, 3 forma, 2 sub-species and 1 unknown taxa in research subject area. As species area curve analysis, herbaceous layer and shrub species have been decreased over time. As a result of Mantel-test, basal area of upper layer affects to understory vegetation change (p<0.0001). Mean importance value was dominated Lindera obtusiloba (21.585%), Rhododendron schlippenbachii (19.774%) in the shrub layer, identified Sasa borealis (14.082%) and Lindera obtusiloba (7.921%) in the herb layer. According to NMS analysis of shrub layer, Species characterized by strong correlation have been reduced as time goes by. And it reports different species as an increasing in basal area of the upper layer. Herb layer plots of the NMS analysis, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Rhododendron mucronulatum consistently were affected in shrub layer. In consequence of MRPP-test for changes in vegetation composition, It was analyzed that there are no significant differences for vegetation composition changes on shrub layer in 5-10 years. As a changes of vegetation composition on herb layer were analyzed significantly, composition change of herb layer species was larger than shrub layer species in understory vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the flora, vegetation and soil properties of serpentine area in Andong, Korea. The vascular plants identified during the seven-round field surveys were a total of 359 taxa: 88 families, 239 genera, 311 species, 6 subspecies, 33 varieties, 6 forms and 3 hybrids. 249 taxa were newly discovered in this region. The plant composition of serpentine area is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer-mixed forest which is the common one in the middle part of the Korean peninsula. Four taxa of Korean endemic plants such as Clematis brachyura, Populus ${\times}$ tomentiglandulosa, Paulownia coreana and Aster koraiensis were collected. The vascular plants on the red list according to IUCN evaluation basis were found to be seven taxa: Near Threatened (NT) species of Hypericum attenuatum, Polygala tenuifolia and Senecio argunensis, Least Concern (LC) species of Penthorum chinense, Potentilla discolor and Acorus calamus, and Not Evaluate (NE) species of Scorzonera austriaca ssp. glabra. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 19 taxa comprising two taxa of grade IV, five taxa of grade III, four taxa of grade II, and nine taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were identified as 34 taxa and the percentage of naturalized index (NI) was 9.5 %, and urbanization index (UI) was 10.6 %. Forest soils contained high content of nickel and cadmium. The soil layer consists of loam and silt loam from the surface to a depth of 20 cm and loam and silt clay from a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-85
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• 2002

This study was carried out to provide basic data for water environmental control and conservation, and to elucidate monthly water environmental factor, phytoplankton flora and dominant species that each stations was maked a selection of a sites by represent 3 branch-river in the Taejon area from Nov. 1997 to Dec. 1998. Range of water temperature was $2.4^{\circ}C{\sim}30.9^{\circ}C$(means of $16.02^{\circ}C{\sim}18.92^{\circ}C$), pH was 7.1~10.4(means of 7.40~8.68). BOD was generally under $5mg/{\ell}$ except Gap-chon kyo in Nov. and COD was measured highly by interfer of men at the each sites. Especially, occasion of Gap-chon kyo, data was estimated about 3~13 times higher than another sites. DO was showed 1.03~10.43ppm, SS was showed $1.0{\sim}120.0mg/{\ell}$ TN was that, upper stream was 0.63ppm, middle was 0.35ppm and then lower was 0.44ppm, upper stream was higher than lower. TP was at upper stream 0.03ppm, middle 0.05ppm, lower 0.06ppm, lower stream was higher than another. The phytoplankton flora was identified as total 230 taxa composed of 7 classes, 18 oders 35 families, 75 genara, 184 species, 42 virieties, 4 forms. There are composed of that, Chlorophyceae 94 taxa(40.9%), Bacillariophyceae 66 taxa(28.8%), Euglenophyceae 39 taxa(17.0%), Cyanophyceae 24 taxa(10.4%), Chrysophyceae 4 taxa(1.7%), Rhodophyceae 2 taxa(0.8%) Xanthophyceae 1 taxa(0.4%), composition of Spesies of each sites was Gapchon-kyo 119, Wonchon-kyo 94, Gasuwon-kyo and Mannyon-kyo 87, Ochung-kyo 78, Hyunam-kyo and Suchim-kyo 77, Moonchang-kyo 70 taxa and Sansung-kyo 58 taxa. Number of species was showed tendency of increase lower stream. Taejon-chon and youdung-chon and at the sites of confluence were presented Synedra ulna and Diatom vugare like bacillariophyceae, Gap-chon was dominated variously Oscillatoria princeps and chlorophyceae, confluence of 3 branch-river was presented Euglenophyceae.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2008

The seasonal variation and vertical distribution of the marine algal community were investigated using the quadrat method from February 2006 to January 2007 at 10 sites in Gwangyang Bay, Korea. In total, 48 red, 17 brown, and 13 green algal taxa were identified. The algal vertical distribution in the intertidal zone was characterized by Ulva pertusa, while the upper tidal zone was dominated by Gelidium divaricatum. The middle zone was primarily composed of Enteromorpha linza, Sargassum thunbergii, and Chondracanthus intermedia, whereas Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, and Corallina pilulifera characterized the low tidal zone. Results of cluster analysis indicated that algal composition fell into two groups, which were composed of species in the inland and open sea. In conclusion, the number of species, diversity, and abundance of vegetation in this area were remarkably reduced compared to previous studies in Gwangyang Bay.