• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

Phonological awareness, or consciousness of speech sounds and operational skill with them, develops in the order word > syllable > phoneme, over the ages of four to seven. Among the various types of phonological awareness tasks, the deletion task has a higher level of difficulty because it requires operation and deletion of sounds within words. This task also has a high correlation with reading proficiency. This study utilized a deletion task with 20 questions to see how operational development depended on age and gender. The deletion task, with 20 questions, was tested on four- to six-year old children developing normally (N = 90). The results showed that phonological awareness performance improved with age. This age effect was not accompanied by a gender effect; age and gender interacted. The study confirmed the development of phonological awareness in four- to six-year-old children who were developing normally. The deletion task can be used to effectively detect the risk of difficulties with phonological awareness in preschoolers with speech, language, and reading problems.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권6호
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• pp.1208-1218
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• 2022

최근, 의료 분야에서 인공지능은 많은 발전을 통해 다양한 분야로 확장하며 활용되고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 인공지능 기술들은 하나의 모델이 하나의 태스크만을 수행할 수 있도록 개발되고 있으며, 이는 의사들의 복잡한 판독 과정을 인공지능으로 설계하는데 한계로 작용한다. 멀티 태스크 러닝은 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위한 최적의 방안으로 알려져 있다. 다양한 태스크들을 동시에 하나의 모델로 학습함으로써, 효율적이고 일반화에 유리한 모델을 만들수 있다. 본 종설에서는 멀티 태스크 러닝에 대한 개념과 종류, 유사 개념 등에 대해 알아보고, 연구 사례들을 통해 의료 분야에서의 멀티 태스크 러닝의 활용 현황과 향후 가능성을 살펴보고자 한다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.596-611
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• 2004

과학학습에서 인지갈등은 개념변화의 중요한 필요조건으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 인지갈등 유형 중 어떤 갈등 유형이 과학학습과정에서 건설적인 갈등유형인가를 제안한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 16명의 고등학생을 대상으로 작용 반작용의 법칙과 관련된 불일치 현상(선풍기-수레 문제)을 제시 한 후, 인지갈등의 불안요인 반응에 초점을 맞추어 인지갈등의 불안유형을 구분하고, 불안유형에 따라 학생이 제안하는 설명가설의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 인지갈등의 불안 요인 반응에 대한 높 낮이에 따라 각각 네 가지 유형의 불안 유형을 확인하였으며, 각 불안유형에 따른 설명가설의 특징과 과학수업에서 인지갈등 수업전략을 적용할 때 중요하게 고려해야할 불안유형의 특성을 논의하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2018

챗봇 서비스가 단순 테스크 기능을 벗어나 심리상담, 친구 역할과 같이 사람과 같은 수준의 지능을 가진 강인공지능으로 진화하기 위해 기술적 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 실제로 챗봇을 사람으로 인지하기 위해서 일관된 성격을 부여하는 것이 중요함에도 그에 관한 기준이 부재하고 연구 또한 미비하다. 따라서 본 연구는 챗봇의 사용 목적과 사용자 유형에 따라 선호되는 챗봇의 성격에 관해서 연구하였다. 사용 목적은 심심할 때, 심리상담, 테스크(task)로 구분하였고 성격은 DISC이론의 주도형(D), 사교형(I), 신중형(C), 안정형(S)으로 4가지로 구분하였다. 사용자 인터뷰를 통해 사용 목적에 따라 선호하는 챗봇의 나이, 성별, 성격과 심심할 때 챗봇에게 기대하는 콘텐츠 및 말투에 대해서 설문 문항을 도출하였다. 설문한 결과 심심할 때는 주로 사람중심의 성격인 I, S, 테스크 목적일 때는 일 중심 성격인 D,C, 심리상담일 때는 느린 성격인 C,S를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 여성은 심리상담을 제외하고 중성을 선호했고 남성은 목적에 상관없이 여성을 선호하였다. 선호하는 연령대는 심심할 때는 또래이거나 어린 나이, 심리상담의 경우 또래이거나 다소 연상, 테스크 목적일 때는 주로 30대가 선호되었다. 심심할 때 기대하는 바에 있어서 대부분의 연령대가 정보를 선호하였지만 20대는 재미가 앞섰고 50-70대는 공감 및 정서적 안정감을 중시하는 것으로 나타났다. 말투에 있어서 20대와 6-70대는 존댓말에 대한 선호가 적지만 3-50대는 존댓말을 선호하였다. 결론적으로 심심할 때는 자신보다 낮은 존재, 테스크 목적일 때는 효율성, 심리상담의 경우에는 신중하게 듣는 태도를 선호하는 경향을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 챗봇의 서비스 목적에 따라 적합한 정체성을 설정하는데 유용한 가이드가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2016

Objective: In this study, two types of foot-controlled mouse devices are compared with a hand mouse in the input tasks requiring repetitively switching between a keyboard and a mouse. Background: Foot-controlled mouse devices have been developed for persons with impairments in the mobility of their hands. However, some researchers insisted that the foot-controlled mouse devices could be effectively used by the persons with no limits to their hand mobility. There are needs to investigate the efficiency of the foot-controlled mouse devices, when they are used by the nondisabled people. Method: Participants conducted the input tasks, requiring repetitive switches between a keyboard and a computer mouse. The used computer mouse devices were two types of foot-controlled mouse and a typical hand mouse. Participants performed three types of input task for five days and three types of task performance were measured; the number of completed input tasks within a given practice time, subjective satisfaction level and the time wasted for the mouse control. Results: For five days, the performance of input tasks sharply increased in input tasks by foot-controlled mouse devices rather than a hand mouse. After five days, the level of satisfaction on the foot-controlled mouse devices approached to about 76% of a hand mouse satisfaction level. The control time of the foot-controlled mouse devices also approached to about 109% of a hand mouse control time. Conclusion: After only five-day practice, the input task performance by foot-controlled mouse devices approached to that of a hand mouse. This result may suggest that the foot-controlled mouse devices can be effectively used as an alternative input device for the nondisabled people, if input tasks are easy and enough practice time is provided. Application: The results of this study might help to design foot-controlled mouse devices and to expend the usage of them.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2010

This study examined whether any changes by mental task types on postural control in chronic stroke persons. Sixteen chronic stroke persons (mean age=53.75 yr) and sixteen age-and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age=54.44 yr) took part in this study. Participants randomly performed three different tasks on the stable and unstable surfaces. The no mental task was to stand while holding a 100 g weight in each hand, the arithmetic task (mental task) was to perform a silent 1-backwards counting while standing and holding a 100 g weight in each hand, and the simple task (mental task) was to stand and hold with both hands a tray (200 g) on which a glass filled with water has been placed. Sway path and sway velocity of the center of pressure (COP) were measured to assess standing postural control by task performance using the force platform. According to the results, in stroke group, total sway path and total sway velocity of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the stable surface (p<.05), and sway path (anteroposterior AP, mediolateral ML) of COP, total and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the unstable surface (p<.05). Especially, sway path (AP, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased under the simple task when compared to the arithmetic task on the unstable surface (p<.05). In healthy control group, sway path (AP, ML, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the stable and unstable surface (p<.05), and sway path (AP, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased under the simple task when compared to the arithmetic task on the unstable surface (p<.05). In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that arithmetic and simple task improved standing postural control for chronic stroke patients and the type of arithmetic and simple tasks were critical factor that reduced standing postural sway in dual-task conditions. Future research should determine whether dual-task conditions, including simple task, would be effective as a training program for standing postural control of stroke patients.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.533-543
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• 2017

As the public interest in environmental issues increased, the "Act On The Integrated Control Of Pollutant-Discharging Facility" was enacted. Through the integrated environmental pollution prevention act in which 19 industries with large environmental impacts are sequentially applied, pollutants can be managed in a medium-integrated manner and integrated permission of the business unit is possible and BAT can be applied to enable a scientific and proactive environmental management system. In order to facilitate the implementation of integrated environmental pollution prevention act with these advantages, the BAT BREF should be published, modified and revised every 5 years considering the level of scientific development. This study reviewed the issues to be considered in applying BAT and the types of BAT and focused on presenting improvements and development direction when revising and supplementing the standards in the future based on these contents. For this purpose, when revising the standards, it will be necessary to reflect on the domestic situation, to expand the TWG(Technical Working Group) of small-scale workplace experts, and to exchange opinions with business places that have similar processes for each waste type through a systematic total inspection. In addition to these methods, by establishing a resident participation system through information disclosure, it is expected to be used as a guideline for environmental management of business places not subject to integrated permission of less than 3 types as well as those subject to integrated permission.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effects of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues on simple Serial Task Performance in heaithy adults. METHODS: Sixty-three right-handed heaithy adults without history of neurological dysfunction were participated. A modified version of the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) using five blocks of perceptual motor sequences was administered. The blocked paradigm consisted of the five blocks with randomly repeated 8 digit sequences with 5 repetition. Three types of sensory cue were employed: visual cue, auditory cue and visuoauditory cue. All subjects were assigned to press the matched botton as quickly and accurately as possible, when one of 8 stimulations was presented(one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight). The reaction time, accuracy, and P300 latency were measured during serial task performance. The mean reaction time(ms), accuracy(%), and P300 latency(ms) were compared between three types of cue using ANOVA. RESULTS: The reaction time to auditory cue was significantly longer than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). And accuracy to auditory cue was significantly lower than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). All P300 latency(at Fz, Cz, Pz) were significantly longer than to visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that type of cues influence in choice reaction. These data may helpful in designing not only effective motor learning training programs for healthy persons but also reeducation programs for patients with neurological dysfunction.

• 창의정보문화연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 초등학교에서 시행되는 온라인 수업 운영 방법 중 '콘텐츠 활용 및 과제수행 수업 운영 방법'과 '실시간 쌍방향 수업 운영 방법'에 대한 수업만족도를 비교 분석하였다. 연구자는 '콘텐츠 활용 및 과제수행 수업 운영 방법'과 '실시간 쌍방향 수업 운영 방법'의 수업만족도를 비교·분석하기 위해 실험연구를 진행하였으며, 연구 집단은 경기도 화성시의 D 초등학생 98명을 선정하였다. 학생들을 대상으로 '콘텐츠 활용 및 과제수행 수업' 과 '실시간 쌍방향 수업'을 각각 진행하였으며, 각각의 수업 운영 방법에 따른 학생들의 수업만족도를 분석하였다. 분석결과 '실시간 쌍방향 수업 운영 방법'에 대한 수업만족도가 높게 나왔으며, 학생의 특성에 따른 만족도를 분석한 결과 과제수행을 잘 못 하는 학생과 수업에 집중을 잘하지 못하는 학생의 경우 '콘텐츠 활용 및 과제수행 수업 운영 방법'의 만족도가 더 높게 나왔다. 이를 통해 '콘텐츠 활용 및 과제수행 수업 운영 방법'과 '실시간 쌍방향 수업 운영 방법' 간의 장단점이 있으며, 학생의 실태를 명확히 조사하여 수업을 진행함으로써 맞춤형 온라인 수업이 될 수 있도록 제언한다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2003

A quantitative performance evaluation of a robot teaching method using a force/moment direction sensor is presented. The performance of the teaching method using the force/moment direction sensor is compared with the conventional teaching pendant method. Two types of teaching tasks were designed and the teaching times required to complete the teaching tasks were measured and compared. Task A requires a teaching motion that involves four degrees of freedom motion. Task B requires a teaching motion that involves six degrees of freedom motion. It was found that, by using the force/moment direction sensor method, the teaching times were reduced by 25% for Task A and 45% for Task B compared to the teaching pendant method.