• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2018

This paper proposes the components of the energy management system (EMS) for optimum operation of renewable energy and associated energy storage system (ESS), the functions to be considered in designing, the analysis of operational effects, and finally the reduction of electricity costs. To accomplish the objectives, a lithium-ion battery system and an energy management system have installed in a PV system, and it presents the results analyzed with operation data for a year. To increase the system operation efficiency, we propose the effect that EMS is used to replace the demand power at the peak time with the charge power at the light load time, which suggests the influence of contributing to the charge benefit and load leveling according to the ESS tariff.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.253-269
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• 2019

This study examines the utilization effect of FTA on the sales and profit of the secondary auto-part suppliers in two aspects: 1) firm-level survey on the utilization of FTA and 2) statistical inference on the FTA effects on their sales and profit. We use the GLS statistical technique, panel and survey data of 130 secondary auto-part suppliers in the Daegu and Kyungpook area in 2007-2016. The evidence shows that the secondary auto-part suppliers struggle to prepare documents for the FTA certificates of origin due to their small firm size, although they utilize the FTA at the relatively high rate of 92 percent. Statistical evidence shows that an increase in the export of the first vender significantly affects the sale of the secondary auto-part vendors, but not their profit. The low profit and high managing cost of utilizing the FTA deteriorate the utilization effect of the FTA of the secondary auto-part vendors, which is a key factor in a global supply chain and for the competitiveness of the automobile industry. Government policies are required for the secondary auto-part suppliers to utilize the FTA more effectively and share the benefits of tariff reduction with first auto-part vendors under FTA transaction.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.21-41
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• 2022

The effect of change in exchange rates on an economy is very important, especially, to a small open economy like South Korea. I explore whether Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have positive influences on exchange rate-pass through import price of import market for fishery products in South Korea. Competition among FTA partners is enhanced after FTAs are effective. I expect that the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through (hereafter, ERPT) into import price of fishery products (in terms of Korea currency) would be reduced since the import market for fishery products in South Korea is an oligopolistic market. Specifically, I investigate two research questions with six South Korea's FTA partners-Norway, Thailand, Peru, U.S., China and Vietnam. First, whether the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through into import price of fishery products from six FTA partners would decrase in the post-FTA era; seconds, the size of reduction has a negative relation with the size of their market share in the import market for fishery products in South Korea if it decreases. The empirical results indicate that the degree of ERPT into import price from other FTA partners than Norway has been reduced after FTA, statistically and significantly; however, I do not find the evidence that the size of reduction is related to their market share. The findings in this study imply that FTAs have negative effects on producers' economic welfare in South Korea's fishery industry by reducing the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through as well as reducing tariff barriers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2001

This study examined the impacts of tariff reductions on timber products in the new round of WTO negotiations on domestic timber products markets and presented the measures to minimize their impacts. Scenarios on reductions in tariffs were developed based on result of UR negotiation and prospective issues on scope of tariffs bound, base rates for negotiation, degree of tariff cuts, etc. emerged during preparatory meetings held to launch the New Round of WTO Negotiation. Korea Timber Market Model(KORTIMM) developed by Korea Forest Research Institute was used to simulate the impacts on forest products markets by scenario. It was estimated that their impacts on net imports would be much larger than those on both consumption and production. The results showed that their impacts on plywood market and on net imports of processed forest products would be much larger relatively but that their impacts on log market and on consumption and production of processed forest products would be less than 1 percent. It was estimated that log consumption would be reduced due to reduction in domestic production of processed products and thus both production and imports of logs would be reduced as well. In oder to minimize the impacts, efforts should be made to start negotiations to reduce tariffs with bound rates for bounded products and with applied rates for non-bounded products, to expand the implementation period and to maintain the status of developing country. In addition, it might be one of countermeasures to use legitimate measures consistent with WTO rules such as anti-dumping, countervailing measures and safeguards.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.239-250
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• 2020

Biomass is an abundant renewable energy resource that can replace fossil fuels for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG). Indonesia has a large number of cheap biomass feedstocks, such as reforestation (waste wood) and palm residues (empty fruit bunch or EFB). In general, raw biomass contains more than 20% moisture and lacks calorific value, energy density, grindability, and combustion efficiency. Those properties are not acceptable fuel attributes as the conditions currently stand. Recently, torrefaction facilities, especially in European countries, have been built to upgrade raw biomass to solid fuel with high quality. In Korea, there is no significant market for torrefied solid fuel (co-firing) made of biomass residues, and only the wood pellet market presently thrives (~ 2 million ton yr-1). However, increasing demand for an upgraded solid fuel exists. In Indonesia, torrefied woody residues as co-firing fuel are economically feasible under the governmental promotion of renewable energy such as in feed-in-tariff (FIT). EFB, one of the chief palm residues, could replace coal in cement kiln when the emission trading system (ETS) and clean development mechanism (CDM) system are implemented. However, technical issues such as slagging (alkali metal) and corrosion (chlorine) should be addressed to utilize torrefied EFB at a pulverized coal boiler.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.523-531
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to derive priorities and implications for the organic resource conservation policy in the livestock sector. We conducted a survey on the importance-performance of the organic waste resource reclamation of livestock sector using a 5-point Likert scale. The importance average for the resource recycling of livestock organic waste was 3.63 and the average of performance was 3.04. As a result of the IPA on livestock manure recycling measures, it is necessary to improve feed quality, establish a local recycling system, increase demand for compost and liquid, enhance customer linkages, and develop cost reduction technologies. It requires intensive support for promoting the spread of odor reduction technologies and integrated management of biomass. It is necessary to introduce mid- and long-term measures such as the revival of feed in tariff, promote by-product feeding, establish solid fuel process management standards, create hygiene safety standards, develop eco-beads and promotion of feed conversion. It is required to strengthen support for the development of odor reduction technologies and prepare consultative organizations among related departments, develop eco-friendly solid fuel technology, and support policies for renewable energy certification.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.137.2-137.2
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• 2010

With current real economic growth of more than 10% per year, the Chinese energy consumption is rapidly increasing. Coal supply consists of the vast majority of China's total energy consumption requirements in 2008. China, the largest energy consumer, is expected to be heavily dependent on coal for future power generation, too (IEA,2009). A growing concern on global warming, on the other hand, drives Chinese government to declare her commitment to the reduction of CO2 emission by 2020. In this paper, China's energy market is examined for the current and future primary energy mix. Coal is found to be the biggest part accounting for 68.7% of total primary energy consumption while coal-fired power accounts for over 80% of the total power generation. The importance of Clean Coal Technology is being discussed based on the findings of the importance of coal in China's economy and its sustainable development. Among the technologies involved, a brief investigation of IGCC(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) technology with a review on current IGCC projects in China are provided from the perspective of environmental benefits. Studies on regional Chinese power market is also conducted. It is found that the regulated power tariff in electricity system makes the power suppliers suffer from financial loss and changes in the electricity price system is under serious consideration by Chinese government. Even though Chinese power market system causes difficulties of commercialization for IGCC technology, the potential benefits will be high due to China's huge requirements of power generating capacity and its heavy reliance on coal if the electricity price system can be changed smoothly.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.511-541
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• 2011

The study analyzes the optimum Korea-China FTA negotiations by utilizing the Putnam's two- level game theoretic approach. According to the Putnam's theory, the size of the win-set depends on the strategies of the Level 1 negotiators. The size of the win-set depends also on the level 2 political institutions and the distribution of power, preferences, and possible conditions among Level 2 constituents. The basic principles for the successful future Korea-China FTA negotiations should be based on comprehensiveness, substantial liberalization and gradual liberalization with consideration of sensitive sectors. This study concludes that mid-level FTA strategy with comprehensive but low tariff reduction would be of best strategy for Korea. This study also suggests the utilization of the EHP(Early Harvest Program) for the successful Korea-China FTA negotiations.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.805-828
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• 2010

Korea also plans to introduce Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) for strengthening market functions after 2012 as United States and several members of EU countries did. Through the introduction of RPS, it requires energy industry to supply new and renewable energy at fixed rate. Therefore, it will contribute to the distribution of new and renewable energy. This paper analyzed the economic effect of the introduction of RPS using CGE. The summary of the paper on the analysis of the economic effect based on endogenous growth theory under imperfect market competition by using CGE is as follows; Since RPS possibly regulates the amount of new and renewable energy, it can achieve the target amount of new and renewable energy without fail. As achieving the target amount accurately, the distribution of more advanced skills can be expected. However, GDP reduction can occur because investment cost increases due to the requirement of new and renewable energy supply. Therefore, in the long run, it is appropriate to introduce RPS because it contributes to the distribution of new and renewable energy and can be utilized as a new growth engine to encourage economic growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2013

This study is design to provide basic directions that Korea can take in forestry negotiation of Korea- Vietnam FTA. Trade trends and characteristics of forestry sector are figured out and the competitiveness of main products are analyzed. The trade amount between Korea and Vietnam is $207,260 thousand. Korea exports nontimber products to Vietnam, while she mainly imports wood products. The average import value of wood products during recent five years accounts for 88% of all value from Vietnam. The export items are not various, and the export value is small. The amount of imports, however, which are mainly composed of low price wood products, is relatively big. The results of analysis say that three items of Korean forest products have competitiveness, while Vietnam has eleven items. According to the study it is recommended that a sawn wood and a plywood should be classified as sensitive products to minimize and to take a long term tariff reduction.