• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8047-8052
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• 2016

Proteases are important molecules that are involved in many key physiological processes. Protease signaling pathways are strictly controlled, and disorders in protease activity can result in pathological changes such as cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, cancer and neurological disorders. Many proteases have been associated with increasing tumor metastasis in various human cancers, suggesting important functional roles in the metastatic process because of their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix barrier. Proteases are also capable of cleaving non-extracellular matrix molecules. Inhibitors of proteases to some extent can reduce invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and slow down cancer progression. In this review, we focus on the role of a few proteases and their inhibitors in tumors as a basis for cancer prognostication and therapy.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

Pharmacogenomics is the study that examines how genetic variations affect the ways in which people respond to drugs. The ways people respond to drugs are complex traits that are influenced by many different genes. Pharmacogenomics intends to develop rational means of optimizing drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to maximize efficacy with minimal adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics has the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine, and promises to usher in an area of personalized medicine, in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Indeed, pharmacogenomics is exploited as an essential step for target discovery and drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. The goal of the personalized medicine is to get the right dose of the right drug to the right patient at the right time. In this article, we will review the use of pharmacogenomics in drug discovery and development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5947-5954
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• 2012

The cancer stem cell (CSC) model states that cancers are organized in cellular hierarchies, which explains the functional heterogeneity often seen in tumors. Like normal tissue stem cells, CSCs are capable of self-renewal, either by symmetric or asymmetric cell division, and have the exclusive ability to reproduce malignant tumors indefinitely. Current systemic cancer therapies frequently fail to eliminate advanced tumors, which may be due to their inability to effectively target CSC populations. It has been shown that embryonic pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch control self-renewal and cell fate decisions of stem cells and progenitor cells. These are evolutionary conserved pathways, involved in CSC maintenance. Targeting these pathways may be effective in eradicating CSCs and preventing chemotherapy or radiotherapy resistance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in emotion recognition according to general characteristics of stroke patients. Method: The subjects consisted of 38 stroke patients receiving rehabilitation at S Hospital in Busan. Used the eMETT program to assess emotional cognition. Result: The age and duration of disease showed statistically significant differences in emotion recognition ability score, the gender and lesion showed a statistically significant difference in some emotion(p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study it can be seen that the difference in emotion recognition ability in accordance with the general characteristics of the stroke. There will be a variety of future research related to standardized research or interventions targeted at stroke patients and normal controls to be carried out.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2021

Dendritic cells (DC), which consist of several different subsets, specialize in antigen presentation and are critical for mediating the innate and adaptive immune responses. DC subsets can be classified into conventional, plasmacytoid, and monocyte-derived DC in the tumor microenvironment, and each subset plays a different role. Because of the role of intratumoral DCs in initiating antitumor immune responses with tumor-derived antigen presentation to T cells, DCs have been targeted in the treatment of cancer. By regulating the functionality of DCs, several DC-based immunotherapies have been developed, including administration of tumor-derived antigens and DC vaccines. In addition, DCs participate in the mechanisms of classical cancer therapies, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Thus, regulating DCs is also important in improving current cancer therapies. Here, we will discuss the role of each DC subset in antitumor immune responses, and the current status of DC-related cancer therapies.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

The CRISPR system has revolutionized gene editing field. Cas9-mediated gene editing such as Indel induction or HDR enable targeted gene disruption or precise correction of mutation. Moreover, CRISPR-based new editing tools have been developed such as base editors. In this review, we focus on gene editing in human pluripotent stem cells, which is principal technique for gene correction therapy and disease modeling. Pluripotent stem cell-specific drug YM155 enabled selection of target gene-edited pluripotent stem cells. Also, we discussed base editing for treatment of congenital retina disease. Adenine base editor delivery as RNP form provide an approach for genetic disease treatment with safe and precise in vivo gene correction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.513-521
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• 2022

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule that is mainly expressed on activated T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells that inhibits T-cell activation and regulates immune homeostasis. Due to the crucial functions of CTLA-4 in T-cell biology, CTLA-4-targeted immunotherapies have been developed for autoimmune disease as well as cancers. CTLA-4 is known to compete with CD28 to interact with B7, but some studies have revealed that its downstream signaling is independent of its ligand interaction. As a signaling domain of CTLA-4, the tyrosine motif plays a role in inhibiting T-cell activation. Recently, the lysine motif has been shown to be required for the function of Treg cells, emphasizing the importance of CTLA-4 signaling. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of CTLA-4 biology and molecular signaling events and discuss strategies to target CTLA-4 signaling for immune modulation and disease therapy.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2023

For over 50 years, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been steadily developed for treating various cancers. This is a non-invasive, selective, and targeted radiotherapy wherein boron-rich molecules accumulate at the tumor site. Liposomal vesicles have become a popular and effective drug delivery system for BNCT, with strategies including surface decoration, bilayer integration, and hydrophilic core encapsulation. This review highlights the state-of-the-art uses of liposomes in BNCT and elucidates a new perspective where BNCT can be used with radiotracer guidance in all-in-one delivery systems.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2022

The development of methods for the inert and stable radiohalogenation of targeted radiopharmaceuticals is a prerequisite for real-time diagnosis and therapy using radiohalogenated radiopharmaceuticals. Radiohalogenated carboranes demonstrate superior stability in vivo and versatile applications compared with directly labeled tyrosine analogues or synthetically modified organic compounds. Herein, we focus on the most common approaches for the radioiodination (¹²³l, ¹²⁴l, ¹²⁵l, and ¹³¹l) of carborane derivatives.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The aggressive but not always predictable pattern of HCC causes the limited treatment option and poorer outcome. Many researches had already proven the heterogeneity of HCC is one of the major challenges for treatment option and prognosis prediction. Molecular subtyping of HCC and selection of patient based on molecular profile can provide the optimization in the treatment and prognosis prediction. In this review, we have tried to summarize the molecular classification of HCC proposed by different valuable researches presented in the logistic way.