• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

Throughout its 30-year history, the right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) has been useful for in situ grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The early graft patency rate is high, and the late patency rate has improved by using the skeletonized GEA graft and proper target selection, which involves having a target coronary artery with a tight >90% stenosis. Total arterial revascularization with the internal thoracic artery and GEA grafts is an option for achieving better outcomes from CABG procedures.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the potentiality of urban forest roads as an environment for enhancing physical fitness. Six male university students participated in the study as subjects. The subjects walked on an urban forest road for 30 minutes. As a control experiment, they also walked on a national park trail for 30 minutes. Subjects' heart rates were monitored during the walks to calculate the ratio of the average time their heart rates were within the target range (from 60% to 80% of the maximal heart rate) for Enhancing Physical Fitness. After the walks, images of the spaces were analyzed using the semantic differential (SD) method. During the walk on the urban forest road, subjects' heart rates were within the target range 63.3% of the time, and lower than the target range 36.7% of the time. During the control experiment on the national park trail, subjects' heart rates were within the target range only 23.3% of the time, and higher than the target range 76.7% of the time. From the spatial perception evaluation using the SD method, subjects' comfortable and natural feelings when they were on the national park trail were significantly greater than when they were on the urban forest trail, but there were no differences in terms of other SD descriptors, such as friendliness and likeability. The results of our study indicate that the urban forest road provides a good environment for walking to enhance physical fitness. Although not as close to nature as national park trails, urban forest roads offer similar natural environments and have a high potentiality for serving as leisure spaces for urban residents who seek physical activities.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.181-184
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• 2004

There are reports showing that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted at non-thermal levels may be associated with biological alterations in target cells. In this study it is objected to assess the potential influences of EMFs produced by cellular phones on fetal heart rate. Non Stress Test (NST) is a widely used method of fetal monitoring and assessing fetal health and well-being. Sixty volunteers with uncomplicated term pregnancies were studied by a Spacelabs AM-67 Doppler ultrasound monitor. Fetal Heart Rate recordings were obtained while there were no Cellular Phone around for 10 minutes. Afterwards, all patients were exposed to EMFs for 10 minutes. NST was performed while they were holding the CP on stand-by mode and then on dialing mode, each for 5 minutes. The recordings were analyzed with respect to baseline heart rate, accelerations and decelerations. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test was used to compare these variables. The results indicate that EMFs emitted by CP do not cause any demonstrable effects on baseline FHR, acceleration or deceleration.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2015

Background: Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent among firefighters in some developed countries. It is unclear whether physical activity and cardiopulmonary fitness reduce cardiovascular disease risk and the cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters. The present study investigated the relationship between leisure-time physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters in Hong Kong. Methods: Male firefighters (n = 387) were randomly selected from serving firefighters in Hong Kong (n = 5,370) for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, known cardiovascular diseases). One-third (Target Group) were randomly selected for the assessment of off-duty leisure-time physical activity using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed, as well as cardiovascular workload using heart rate monitoring for each firefighter for four "normal" 24-hour working shifts and during real-situation simulated scenarios. Results: Overall, 33.9% of the firefighters had at least two cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the Target Group, firefighters who had higher leisure-time physical activity had a lower resting heart rate and a lower average working heart rate, and spent a smaller proportion of time working at a moderate-intensity cardiovascular workload. Firefighters who had moderate aerobic fitness and high leisure-time physical activity had a lower peak working heart rate during the mountain rescue scenario compared with firefighters who had low leisure-time physical activities. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity conferred significant benefits during job tasks of moderate cardiovascular workload in firefighters in Hong Kong.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

Objectives : Trauma patients have attentional bias which enforces traumatic memories and causes cognitive errors. Understanding of such selective attention may explain many aspects of the posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) symptoms. Methods : We used the rapid serial visual presentation(RSVP) method to verify attentional blink in burn patients with PTSD. International affective picture system(IAPS) was used as stimuli and distracters. In the 'neutral test', patients have been presented series of pictures with human face picture as target stimuli. Each picture had 100ms interval. However the distance between target facial pictures was randomized and recognition of second facial picture accuracy was measured. In the 'stress test', the first target was stress picture which arouses patient emotions instead of the facial picture. Neutral and Stress tests were done with seven PTSD patients and 20 controls. In '85ms test' the interval was reduced to 85ms. The accuracy of recognition of second target facial picture was rated in all three tests. Eighty-five ms study was done with eighteen PTSD patients. Results : Attentional blinks were observed in 100-400ms of RSVP. PTSD patients showed increased recognition rate in the 'stress test' compared with the 'neutral test'. When presentation interval was decreased to 85 ms, PTSD patient showed decrease of attentional blink effect when target facial picture interval was 170ms. Conclusion : We found attentional blink effect could be affected by stress stimulus in burn patients. And attentional blink may be affected by stimulus interval and the character of stimulus. There may be some other specific mechanism related with selective attention in attentional blink especially with facial picture processing.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

In this study we confirmed for the cardiopulmonary ability improvement of the cycling exercise which uses a target heart beat. Consequently, we looked the resting systolic blood pressure down at 2.98% and THBI(Total Heart Beat Index) also decrements at 7.59%. But, increase of $VO_2$ max and PTT(Pulse Transit Time)were each point 24.60% and 4.92%. Increase of $VO_2$ max showed the growth of stroke volume by myocardial development. The increase of a stroke volume induces the decrease of Heart rate. The blood pressure was reduced also though the blood of many quantity was supplied at the artery. The reason is the phenomenon to be due to by an elasticity increase of the artery. We found out it through the decrease of PTT. So the cycling exercise to use consequently the target heart beat will become big aid at the health care.

• Journal of Sleep Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2018

Objectives: Periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) are associated with arousals and autonomic activation, which may contribute to higher cardiovascular disease risk in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Non-periodic leg movements in sleep (NPLM) are leg jerks in sleep that does not satisfy standard criteria of PLMS. The aim of this study was to evaluate impact of short-interval leg movements in sleep (SILMS) and isolated leg movements in sleep (ILMS) in comparison to PLMS on heart rate in both patients with RLS and healthy controls. Methods: Seven idiopathic RLS patients and 9 controls were enrolled in this study. Polysomnographic studies were analyzed and leg movements (LM) were automatically detected. NPLM can be classified as SILMS and ILMS. SILMS are LM separated by an inter-movement interval (IMI) shorter than 10 s, and ILMS are LM with IMI longer than 90 s. Frequency and heart rate associated with SILMS, ILMS, and PLMS in RLS patients were compared to those in controls. Heart rate change associated with LM were determined for a fixed time window. Results: Frequencies of SILMS and ILMS of patients with RLS were not significantly different to those of controls. RLS patients presented higher heart rate change associated with SILMS than PLMS before movement onset, while heart rate change associated with SILMS, ILMS, and PLMS were not different in the controls. Conclusions: Although the number of SILMS is not higher than PLMS, SILMS may have closely associated with higher cardiac activation of RLS than PLMS. Therefore, SILMS might be an important treatment target for patients with RLS to reduce long-term cardiovascular risk. Long-term prospective studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between NPLM and cardiovascular disease in patients with RLS.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.240-254
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise therapy and relaxation therapy on catecholamine and heart rate in people in white color jobs and to determine this information the effectiveness of applied exercise therapy and relaxation therapy as a nursing intervention method for stress patients. The subjects were divided into an exercise therapy group, a relaxation therapy group, and control group and the research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design(exercise therapy : n= 12, relaxation therapy : n=12, control group, the group without any treatment in exercise on relaxation therapy : n=12), The subjects in the exercise therapy group were given a particular intensity for each kp during 30min, bicycle ergometer which is using an LX PE training system before & after 4weeks of training. The exercise therapy that was used was Astrard load method which tested absolute exercise load of heart rate before & after four weeks, and resting heart rate was tested for exercise and relaxation therapy before, after four weeks, and at eight weeks. The results of each kp & absolute exercise load were calculated with the target rate formula(maximal heart rate-rest heart rate) x exercise intensity(%) + rest heart rate so the subjects could continue 60-70% exercise intensity for exercise therapy over eight weeks. The relaxation therapy subjects were trained using a modified Jacobson's relaxation technique for eight weeks. The exercise and relaxation therapy were trained at the following intensity for eight weeks(3times/week, 30min/day) to see changes in catecholamine & heart rates. After eight weeks, statistical analysis of exercise & relaxation therapy were carried out Two-way ANOVA and multiple range test(SNK : Student Newman Keul) were used. The results are as follows : 1. The change of epinephrine & norepinephrine in the exercise therapy, relaxation therapy, and control group was statistically significant at the .05 level after four weeks & eight weeks. Also, exercise therapy was statistically significant at .05 level over that of the control group after 4weeks. 2. The change of heart rate in relaxation therapy was statistically significant at the .05 level, and was statistically significant at the .05 level over that of the exercise therapy and control group. In conclusion, it is obvious that exercise therapy and relaxation therapy should be one of the most effective stress treatment and desirable nursing interventions methods for job stress in people in white color jobs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to compared the cerebral palsy children with normal children in the exercise and cardio vascular ability after this study as the fundamental data fer mating programs for the cerebral palsy children. The test of this study is about twenty girls, the control group of the normal children(n=10) and the experiment group of cerebral palsy children(n=10). They were studied in four aspects which were the anthropometry, the medical check in the rest, the physical fitness or exercise roads test and the change of the target heart rate during exercise. The result were as follows : 1. The characteristic of the physical type : The control group is higher than the experiment group in the standing height and the body weight but their's little difference between them (p<0.05). The control group is lower than the experiment group in the body fat. 2. The characteristic of the medical check in the rest : The control group is higher than the experiment group in the vital capacity and flood expiratoryvolume one second. The control group is higher that the experiment group in the blood pressure of systolic and Diastolic. There's little difference between them(p<0.01). The control is lower than the experiment group in the heart pulse rate. There's little difference between them(p<0.005). 3. The characteristic of basic physical strength evaluation : The experiment group is the lowest dynamic muscular endurance, balance, agility and endurance which need to move the body with weight. The control group is much higher than the experiment group in the flexibility and muscle strength(Back strength). There's no difference between them(p<0.05). 4. The characteristics of the exercise stress last : The control group is higher than the experiment group in the endurance, the maximum of oxygen intake, endurance level and the out take of calory. There's little difference between them(p<0.01). 5. The characteristic of the change of the target heart rate during exercise : The control group is lower than the experiment group exchange of target heart rate, There's no difference them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.321-328
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the heart rate, to analyze the relevance and to use it as a management index of factors of increase in heart rate. A total of 204 adults from November, 2016 to March, 2017 who responded to a personal questionnaire among the adults who underwent coronary computed tomography scans for health screening, were the target of the investigation. In the study, there was a statistically significant difference (p <.05) between the heart rate and the gender, CACS, Stenosis and the forces affecting cardiovascular disease. CACS, Stenosis had a statistically significant difference (p <.05) compared with the other groups in the group with a heart rate of 80 bpm or more, the ability to influence cardiovascular disease was different from that of other groups There was a meaning difference in the heart rate below 60 bpm group compared (p <.05). In conclusion, it is important and desirable to maintain heart rate below 60 bpm in order to prevent having cardiovascular disease history, and below 80 bpm to prevent CACS and stenosis.