• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2009

This study describes the manufacturing method of antioxidant filter and evaluate the reduction of free radical and biological activity from mainstream smoke. When we used spray-brush for the application of antioxidant solution to the filter, cv(coefficient of variation) levels of antioxidant added to filter ranged within 3 %, which means stable and constant feeding process. 0.3~0.5mg per cigarette of antioxidant were sprayed to acetate and active carbon part in the filter plug, respectively. It was considered that the use of antioxidant added filter resulted in the reduction of the gaseous compounds of free radicals from 17 % to 19 % in the mainstream smoke. Variation for removal efficiency of free radical in antioxidant filter added to acetate part was more pronounced than that of filter added to active carbon part. Smoking deliveries of tar, nicotine for the antioxidant added filters were similar when comparing to the non-antioxidant added filter, but the delivering amounts of isoprene were significantly reduced. The estimation of consumed GSH(glutathion) showed that the gaseous toxicity of the antioxidant added filter was 14 % ~ 23 % lower than that of non-antioxidant added filter. No significant differences were observed for the total taste quality in sensory evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.156-172
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• 1999

Potential chemical hazards encountered in painting operation of four shipyards and a ship-repair shop were investigated through the material safety data sheets (MSDS). Material safety data sheets (MSDS) for 307 paints, 50 thinners and 34 binders were collected and reviewed. It was shown that various organic solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, glycols, glycol ether acetates and esters were contained in painting materials. Of these solvents, xylene was found in the largest number of painting materials. sixty percent of the thinners contained xylene in the contents of 20-100%. Other most frequently found solvents were 1-methoxypropanol, 1-methoxypropyl acetate, n-butanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, isopropanol, and n-butyl acetate, etc. Glycol ethers such as 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), 2-methoxyethyl acetate (2-MEA), 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE), 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (2-EEA) and 2-butoxyethanol (2-BA) were regarded as having the potential to cause adverse reproductive effects, embryotoxic effect and hematotoxic effects, and were found in some epoxy panting materials. Coal tar pitch was included in some paints(13%) where polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could be contaminated. Inorganic pigments such as lead chromate and zinc potassium chromate were found in some paints (8%). The epoxy resin based paints, which may contain isocyanates such as toluene diisocyanates and hexamethylene diisocyanates causing potential sensitization and asthma to upper respiratory organ, were mostly used in the shipyards. The constituents in the MSDS were significantly different from the results analyzed using gas chromatography/mass detector: minor constituents or impurities were omitted in many MSDS. In conclusion, xylene was the most frequent organic solvent in painting materials, and glycol ethers, including 2-ME, 2-MEA, 2-EE, 2-EEA and 2-BA, were found some products. Also, painting workers may be exposed to PAHs, lead, chromate, isocyanates, organic tin and other various chemicals. The compositions of chemicals in painting materials were variable significantly, and the hazards were changed. These facts should be considered in environmental monitoring and control of the hazards.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

Recently, polishing tile(porcelain homogeneous polished tile) was used in the construction field as a finishing material. But, there happened some problems such as tile exfoliation by construction condition in early ages. Also, for use of polishing tile in the dry wall system which used to lightweight wall, the examination of adhesive stability of polishing tile is needed. In this study, adhesive strength of Polishing tile was investigated by tile bond types on gypsum board and non asbestos board coated by tar-urethane and Polymer modified cementitious waterproofing membrane(Series I). Then, the effect of heat stress and vibration was estimated on gypsum and non asbestos board(Series II). As the result of study are the follows; (1) Polishing tile(600$\times$400mm) construction on waterproofing layer : Both laboratory estimation and spot examination sieve were happened that fall of tile because their hardening speed is late. (2) To using powder style adhesives in the dry wail with waterproofing layer : Adhesive strength of tile is Influenced by interface bond area and base side condition. (3) Shock and heat stresses : obvious decline of adhesive strength is not happened

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.199-208
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• 2017

This study investigates the components and rating system of reliable technology credit information for a technology finance donor who is a consumer of the information and aims to create an effective and optimal technology credit appraisal system to enlarge technology finance supply. Firstly, we calculate the optimal TCAR which becomes the maximum AUROC through the combination of ratio change, verify the substitution possibility between TAR and CR through the existing CR and system gap simulation, and propose a rating system by which financial institutes can utilize the TCAR as a credit rating. As a result, 70% : 30% is the most suitable as the weighted combination ratio of credit rating : technology rating. As a result of this study, we confirmed the possibility that the technical credit rating information could be substituted by the credit rating or the technology appraisal rating. Furthermore, it also suggests that sophisticated risk management is possible through using technology credit rating that are combined with credit and technology appraisal rating.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2015

Most follicles in the mammalian ovary undergo atresia. Granulosa cell apoptosis is a hallmark of follicle atresia. Our previous study using a microRNA (miRNA) microarray showed that the let-7 microRNA family was differentially expressed during follicular atresia. However, whether the let-7 miRNA family members are related to porcine (Sus scrofa) ovary follicular apoptosis is unclear. In the current study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression levels of let-7 family members in follicles and granulosa cells were similar to our microarray data, in which miRNAs let-7a, let-7b, let-7c, and let-7i were significantly decreased in early atretic and progressively atretic porcine ovary follicles compared with healthy follicles, while let-7g was highly expressed during follicle atresia. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis and Hoechst33342 staining demonstrated that let-7g increased the apoptotic rate of cultured granulosa cells. In addition, let-7 target genes were predicted and annotated by TargetScan, PicTar, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. Our data provide new insight into the association between the let-7 miRNA family in granulosa cell programmed death.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.18-25
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• 2003

Bamboo vinegar was prepared from China-grown bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) using simple kiln (400 - 500 $^{\circ}C$), and its physical properties and chemical components were investigated and compared to those of Korea-grown bamboo vinegar. The physical properties of China-grown bamboo vinegar were as follows: Baume specific gravity 4.5, organic acid 9.9%, pH 2.8, tar 3.1% and refractive index 13.1%, respectively. The main components of the bamboo vinegar were acetic acid, 1-hydroxyl-2-propanone, methanol, propionic acid, 1-hydroxyl-2- butanone. There was no significant difference between the components of Korea- and China-grown bamboo vinegars. Total organic materials in China-grown bamboo vinegar were 14.8%, and organic acids (acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, and butanoic acid) consisted of 9.0%. These acids corresponded to 61% of total organic materials. Neutral and phenolic compounds consisted of 4.5% and 0.8% of the bamboo vinegar, which were correspond to 6% and 31% of total organic materials, respectively. The physicochemical properties of traditional Chinese bamboo vinegar indicated that it was collected at low temperature and aged for a long time.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.480-485
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• 1992

Laboratory studies were done to evaluate the effects of diflubenzuron on embryonic and postembryonic development of Riptortus clavatus Thunberg. Diflubenzuron prevented egg hatch; younger eggs(O-12 h old) were 2 times as susceptible as older(48-60 h old) eggs, but embryos of both younger and older eggs developed normally. Susceptibility of nymphs to diflubenzuron decreased with each successive molt. Compared with the first instar, relative tolerance to diflubenzuron was 1.5 times for the second instar, 18.2 times for the third instar, 39. 4 times for the fourth ins tar and 42.4 times for the fifth instar. Even as low concentrations, diflubenzuron prevented significant numbers of third instar nymphs from developing to fourth and fifth instar nymphs or adults. Weight, longevity and fecundity of adults surviving treatment in the final (fifth) instar were also adversely affected.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1991

Pathogenicity of Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SeMNPV) against the host insect and 8 species of lepidopterous insects and cross infection of baculoviruses to third instar of S. exigua larvae were studied to determine as a biocontrol agent for S. exigua. The median lethal concentrations($LC_{50}$)of the SeMNPV to egg mass was $2.855\times10^5$ PIBs/ml and higher than that to the larvae of S. exigua. Mortality of the SeMNPV in third ins tar larvae was more increased than that in first and fifth instar of S. exigua larvae by 1.16 and 4.11 times, respectively. The median lethal times($LT_{50}$) to $1.56\times10^6$ PIBs/ml was in the range of 4.25 to 5.04 days. Infectivity of the SeMNPV against eight species of lepidopterous insects was showed only in the host insect, S. exigua. Autographa cali/ornica MNPV, Mamestra barassicae MNPV, and Trichoplusia ni MNPV were cross-infected to third instar of S. exigua larvae among ten of baculoviruses tested.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2005

The attractant (orange light) or repellent (white light) signal is transmitted from SRI (Sensory Rhodopsin I) via protein-protein interaction with its transducer Htrl (Halobacterial Transducer for Sensory Rhodopsin I) which in turn controls a cytoplasmic phospho-transfer pathway that modulates flagella motor switching in Halobacterium salinarum. Some mutations in both SRI and Htrl showed an unusual mutant phenotype called inverted signaling, in which the cell produces a repellent response to normally attractant light. Twelve mutations at the Glutamate 56 (E56) position in the second transmembrane helix of Htrl were introduced by site-specific random mutagenesis. Almost all E56 mutants showed orange-light inverted responses in pH and temperature-dependent manners except E56D and E56Y. Except for these two mutants, all mutants accelerated the $S_{373}$ decay compared to wild-type at $18^{\circ}C$. This supported that there is an interaction between SRI and the second transmembrane of Htrl. Also a structural model of Htrl based on the Tar crystal structure and the secondary structure prediction program proposed the E56 residue to be in the middle of the proton channel. The most important observation is that the E56 mutant provides the evidence that this residue is very sensitive for signal relay, which can be explained by the open and closed conformations of the channel (A and R conformations) in SRI, as was postulated by the unified conformational shuttling model for transport and signaling.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2007

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed to simultaneously detect three varieties of genetically modified (GM) canola. The construct-specific primers were used to distinguish the following three varieties of GM canola; GT73, MS8xRF3, and T45, using multiplex PCR. The FatA (fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase) gene was used as an endogenous canola reference gene in the PCR detection. The primer pair Canendo-FIR containing a 105 bp amplicon was used to amplify the FatA gene and no amplified product was observed in any of the 15 different plants used as templates. The GT73-KHUF1/R1 primer recognized the 3'-flanking region of GT73, resulting in an amplicon of 125 bp. The Barstar-F1/MS8xRF3-R primer recognized the junction region of bars tar and the NOS terminator introduced into MS8xRF3, resulting in a 162 bp amplicon, and the T45-F2/R2 primer recognized the junction region of PAT and the 35S terminator introduced into T45, resulting in an amplicon of 186 bp. This multiplex PCR allowed for the detection of construct-specific targets in a genomic DNA mixture of up to 1% GM canola containing GT73, MS8xRF3, and T45.