• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.32-45
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• 1995

This study was intended to evaluate condyle position and the relationship of condyle position change and post surgical relapse following the sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandible setback in 25 patients by paired t-test and multiple regression analysis. We used oblique transcranial and cephalometric radiographs taken before operation, immediate after operation, and at least 6 months post operatively. 1. In oblique transcranial view, posterior joint space was decreased immediate after operation and increased 6 months after operation. To compare the measurement before and 6 months after operation, there was no statistically significant change in over all joint spaces(P>0.05). 2. The joint spaces changed under the 0.2mm were 30%, 0.2mm to 1.0mm were 60.7%, above 1.0mm were 9.3%. This result reveals that condyle position was relatively reproduced to pre-operative state. 3. Statistically, the amount of mandible set back didn't influence the post operative relapse(P>0.05). 4. Statistically, the amount of mandible set back didn't influence the condylar displacement(P>0.05), and the amount of joint space change didn't influence the post operative relapse.(P>0.05) The changes in joint space is in the standard tracing error or within the adaptive capacity of the individual, it was too small to influence the stability of surgery.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.591-598
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• 2014

Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K. In [1], the authors called D a finitely valuative domain if, for each $0{\neq}u{\in}K$, there is a saturated chain of rings $D=D_0{\varsubsetneq}D_1{\varsubsetneq}{\cdots}{\subseteq}$ $D_n=D[x]$, where x = u or $u^{-1}$. They then studied some properties of finitely valuative domains. For example, they showed that the integral closure of a finitely valuative domain is a Pr$\ddot{u}$fer domain. In this paper, we introduce the notion of finitely t-valuative domains, which is the t-operation analog of finitely valuative domains, and we then generalize some properties of finitely valuative domains.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.725-743
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• 2022

In this paper, the concepts of ω-linked homomorphisms, the ω_𝜙-operation, and DW_𝜙 rings are introduced. Also the relationships between ω_𝜙-ideals and ω-ideals over a ω-linked homomorphism 𝜙 : R → T are discussed. More precisely, it is shown that every ω_𝜙-ideal of T is a ω-ideal of T. Besides, it is shown that if T is not a DW_𝜙 ring, then T must have an infinite number of maximal ω_𝜙-ideals. Finally we give an application of Cohen's Theorem over ω-factor rings, namely it is shown that an integral domain R is an SM-domain with ω-dim(R) ≤ 1, if and only if for any nonzero ω-ideal I of R, (R/I)_ω is an Artinian ring, if and only if for any nonzero element α ∈ R, (R/(a))_ω is an Artinian ring, if and only if for any nonzero element α ∈ R, R satisfies the descending chain condition on ω-ideals of R containing a.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.346-354
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• 1982

A Complete transposition of the great arteries combined with V.S.D, A.S.D, dextrocardia, and P.S is a rare congenital anomaly. The patient was a 10 year-old female whose complaints were frequent URI, exertional dyspnea, and cyanosis at rest since birth. Cheat X-ray films showed Dextrocardia ; situs inversus, moderate cardiomegaly, and Characteristic egg-shape heart shadow. E.K.G, Echocardiography, Cardiac Catheterization, and Angio-Cardiography were performed. Open heart Surgery was done under diagnosis of d-TGA, Dextrocardia, V.S.D, A.S.D, and P.S. At the time of Operation, Dextroeardia, T.G.A, Secndum type A.S.D, A.S.D, and P.S. At the time of Operation, Dextroeardia, T.G.A, Secndum type A.S.D. ($2.0{\times}2.0cm$. in diameter), V.S.D. type II ($1.5cm{\times}1.5cm$ in diameter), and pulmonary valvular stenosis were noted. Mustard operation using pericardial Baffle in the atrium for T.G.A. was perforsned. Teflon patch graft for closure of V.S.D. through tricuspid orifice and pulmonary Valvulotomy through pulmonary arteriotomy were performed. The post-op, low cardiac output Syndrome and dysrhythmicawere developed till Postoperative day #7, so that was controlled by inotropic and antiarrhythmic agents. After that, patient's conditions were Uneventful.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.905-913
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• 2017

Advanced reactor designs often feature longer operating cycles between refueling and new concepts of operation beyond traditional baseload electricity production. Owing to this increased complexity, traditional proportional-integral control may not be sufficient across all potential operating regimes. The prototypical advanced reactor (PAR) design features two independent reactor modules, each connected to a single dedicated steam generator that feeds a common balance of plant for electricity generation and process heat applications. In the current research, the PAR is expected to operate in a load-following manner to produce electricity to meet grid demand over a 24-hour period. Over the operational lifetime of the PAR system, primary and intermediate sodium pumps are expected to degrade in performance. The independent operation of the two reactor modules in the PAR may allow the system to continue operating under degraded pump performance by shifting the power production between reactor modules in order to meet overall load demands. This paper proposes a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic-based power distribution system. Two T-S fuzzy power distribution controllers have been designed and tested. Simulation shows that the devised T-S fuzzy controllers provide improved performance over traditional controls during daily load-following operation under different levels of pump degradation.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify nursing interventions clinically applicable to relieve displeasure and anxiety of patients having an operation in which loud noise was unavoidable. Methods: Participants were 34 patients scheduled to have a total knee replacement. They were assigned to either the control (17 patients) or experimental (17 patients) group. Data were collected from September to November 2010. The instruments used for the survey included noise-control earplugs, a noise level meter (TES-1358) and a structured scale measuring degree of noise perception, displeasure and anxiety. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, and t-test with the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results: Hypothesis 1: 'The displeasure levels of the experimental group of patients wearing earplugs will be lower than the control group patients without earplugs' was accepted (t=-20.769, p<.001). Hypothesis 2: 'The anxiety levels of the experimental group of patients wearing earplugs will be lower than the control group patients without earplugs' was accepted (t=-6.298, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, the wearing of earplugs for patients having a surgical operation with loud noises is recommended as an effective nursing intervention to relieve patient displeasure and anxiety during their surgical operations.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2011

This study was performed to assess the removal efficiency on nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in wastewater by spatial separation and internal recycling in a modified oxidation ditch process (modified OD). The performances of the modified OD were evaluated via laboratory-scale experiments. The process was operated at hydraulic retention times of 6-48 hours and solid retention times of 17-38 days. We found that organic carbon removal efficiency increased after the modified OD operation period. T-N removal efficiency remained stable; average T-N concentration of effluent was 8.02 mg/l after modified OD operation. In contrast, T-P concentration of effluent was over 1 mg/l. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of modified OD at HRT 12 hr were 83.1% and 74.1%, respectively. Also, maximum efficiency was found at SRTs from 20 to 30 days. T-N removal efficiency was 83.1% at a C/N ratio from 3.0 to 3.5. However, T-N removal efficiency decreased at C/N ratios over 3.5. Also, T-P removal efficiency increased with HRT at C/P ratios in the same condition. Maximum efficiency was 74.1% at a C/P ratio from 25 to 28. T-N removal efficiency was 79.2% and T-P removal efficiency was 65.3% after M4 mode operation (added to the internal recycle line connected to the anoxic reactor). The modified OD with spatial separation and internal recycling developed in this study is, therefore, believed to be an improvement for solving problems in the nutrient removal technologies.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2010

The sewage treatment plants to be built to improve the water quality of the Mankyung River will total 11, of which combined capacity will reach $39,850m^3/day$, and saying in detail, 5 at Gunsan city, 2 at Iksan city, 1 at Kimje city and 3 at Wanju gun, The scenario for water quality improvement was developed, considering the conditions of plant operation ratio and the accomplishment of the water quality target (BOD 4.4 mg/L, T-P 0.356 mg/L) at the end of the watershed of Mankyung B was predicted, making use of QUAL2E model. As a result of prediction using QUAL2E model based on scenarios with 70% and 100% of operation ratio, respectively, at 11 plants in 2010, the water quality at the watershed of Mankyung B was estimated at 4.322 mg/L which was lower than the target of BOD 4.4 mg/L, indicating the target water quality was achieved, when it comes to 70% of operation ratio, But in case of T-P, it was estimated at 0.565 mg/L, which was higher than the target. When it comes to 100% of operation ratio, T-P also was 0.563 mg/L which exceeded the target, 0.356 mg/L. As indicated above, the effect of water quality improvement appeared very insignificant, which was attributable to the limit of small scale sewage treatment plant in total reduction capacity. Hence, the measures for additional reduction in a bid to achieve the target water quality of T-P at the designated location need to be taken, and the measures to build the Sewage treatment facilities at the place where the pollution is significantly caused by T-P appeared to be required as well.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 심전도 파형에서 P, R, T-wave와 같은 local maxima 신호 영역과 Q, S-wave와 같은 local minima 신호영역을 제거하여 기저선 변동 잡음을 제거하기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 이를 위해 형태연산을 개선한 morphology-pair 연산을 심전도 파형에 적용하고, 그 결과 발생되는 돌출 파형을 제거하고자 중간 값 연산을 적용하였다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 확인하기 위해 실제 심전도 임상 데이터인 MIT/BIH 데이터베이스를 이용하였으며, 실험 결과 원 신호를 왜곡 하지 않고, 기저선 변동 잡음을 효과적으로 제거함을 확인하였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2011

본 연구는 수술환자에게 적용할 수 있는 수술 후 통증, 수술 후 오심 구토, 체온관리에 대한 웹 근거중심 실무 가이드라인 시스템을 개발하여 이를 적용하고 수술 환자의 수술 후 통증, 오심/구토, 체온관리에 대한 의료인의 지식정도와 환자의 만족도를 평가하기 위한 것이다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 17.0 프로그램을 이용하여 평균, 표준편차, t-test, Repeated ANOVA로 분석하였다. 웹으로 구축한 근거중심 실무 가이드라인 적용 전과 후의 수술 후 통증, 수술 후 오심/구토, 수술환자 체온관리에 대한 지식정도와 환자 만족도에 유의미한 차이가 있었다.