• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1998

[ $45^{\circ}C$ ]의 15%(v/v) dioxane 수용액중에서 살충성 buprofezin(IUPAC : tert-butylimino-3-iso-propyl-5-phenylperhydro-1,3,5-thiadiazin-4-one)의 가수분해 반응속도상수와 pka상수(5.60)를 측정하고 pH-효과, 용매효과(m=0.34, n=2.45 및 $1{\gg}m$), 열역학적 활성화 파라미터(pH 4.0, ${\Delta}H^{\neq}$= 11.12 $kcal{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, ${\Delta}S^{\neq}$=-5.0e.u. 및 $E_{act.}$=11.76Kcal), 반응 속도식등의 반응 속도론적 및 생성물분석(1-isopropyl-3-phenyl urea) 등의 비속도론적 실험결과를 얻었다. 이들 자료의 검토로부터 pH 8.0이하의 산성용액에서는 특정($k_{H3O+}$)및 일반 산-촉매반응에 의한 $A-S_{E}2$형 및 A-2(또는 $A_{AC}2$)형 반응, 그리고 pH 9.0이상의 알카리성 용액에서는 일반염기 촉매반응($k_{H2O}$)에 의한 친핵성 첨가-제거 ($Ad_{N}-E$) 반응이 사면체($sp^{3}$) 중간체를 경유하는 궤도-조절 반응으로 진행되는 일련의 가수분해 반응메카니즘을 제안하였다. 또한, Buprofezin은 산성(pH8.0이하)용액보다 염기성(pH8.0이상) 용액중($k=10^{-8}sec.^{-1}$)에서 더욱 안정하였으며 $45^{\circ}C$의 중성(pH 7.0) 수용액 중에서 반감기($t=\frac{1}{2}$)는 약 3개월이었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.807-811
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• 2003

We investigated the electrical characterisitics of T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ (tantalum pentoxide) film and Ti-O/T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ film deposited on $Al_2$ $O_3$based substrate. Ta (tantalum) electrode and $Al_2$ $O_3$ substrate was used for the purpose of simplifying the manufacturing process in IPD's (integrated passive devices). Dielectric materials (T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ and Ti-O/T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ films) deposited on Ta/Ti/A $l_2$ $O_3$ were annealed at 700 $^{\circ}C$ for 60 sec. in vacuum. The XRD results showed that as-deposited T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ film possessed amorphous structure, which was transformed to crystallines by rapid thermal heat treatment. We compared the lnJ- $E^{{\frac}{1}{2}}$, C-V, C-F of both as-deposited and annealed dielectric thin films deposited on Ta bottom electrode. From this results, we concluded that the leakage current could be reduced by introducing Ti-O buffer layer and conduction mechanisms of T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ and Ti-O/T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ could be interpreted appropriately by Schottky emission effect.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2016

The utility of exponential generating functions is that they are relevant for combinatorial problems involving sets and subsets. Sequences of polynomials play a fundamental role in applied mathematics, such sequences can be described using the exponential generating functions. The actuarial polynomials ${\alpha}^{({\beta})}_n(x)$, n = 0, 1, 2, ${\cdots}$, which was suggested by Toscano, have the following exponential generating function: $${\limits\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}}{\frac{{\alpha}^{({\beta})}_n(x)}{n!}}t^n={\exp}({\beta}t+x(1-e^t))$$. A linear functional on polynomial space can be identified with a formal power series. The set of formal power series is usually given the structure of an algebra under formal addition and multiplication. This algebra structure, the additive part of which agree with the vector space structure on the space of linear functionals, which is transferred from the space of the linear functionals. The algebra so obtained is called the umbral algebra, and the umbral calculus is the study of this algebra. In this paper, we investigate some umbral representations in the actuarial polynomials.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The output of the Stirling engine is influenced by the regenerator effectiveness. The regenerator effectiveness is influenced by heat transfer and flow friction loss of the regenerator matrix. In this paper, in order to provide basic data for the design of regenerator matrix, characteristics of flow friction loss were investigated by a packed method of matrix in the oscillating flow as the same condition of operation in a Stirling engine. As matrices, two different wire screens were used. The results are summarized as follows; 1. With the wire screen of No. 50 as regenerator matrices, pressure drop of working fluid of the oscillating flow is shown as 3 times higher than that of one directional flow, not too much influenced by the number of packed meshes. 2. With the wire screen of No. 100 as regenerator matrices, pressure drop of working fluid of the oscillating flow is shown as 2.5 times on the average higher than that of one directional flow, not too much influenced by the number of packed meshes. 3. Under one directional flow which used regenerator matrices with both 200, 240, and 280 wire screens of No. 50 and 320, 370, and 420 wire screens of No. 100, the relationship between the friction factor and Reynold No. is shown as the following formula. $$f=\frac{0.00326639}{Re\iota}-1.29106{\times}10^{-4}$$ 4. Under oscillating flow which used regenerator matrices with both 200, 240, and 280 wire screens of No. 50 and 320, 370, and 420 wire screens of No. 100, the relationship between the friction factor and Reynold No. is shown as the following formula. $$f_r=\frac{0.000918567}{Re\iota}+1.86101{\times}10^{-5}$$ 5. The pressure drop is shown as high in proportion as the number of meshes has been higher, and the number of packed wire screens as matrices increases.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.535-552
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• 2020

Purpose: The main theme of this study is to derive a specific quality loss function with multiple characteristics according to the same analytical structure as the single characteristic quality loss function of Taguchi. In other words, it presents an analytical framework for measuring quality costs that can be controlled in practice. Methods: This study followed the analytical methodology through geometric, linear algebraic, and statistical approaches Results: The function suggested by this study is as follows; $$L(x_1,x_2,{\cdots},x_t)={\sum\limits_{i=1}^{t}}k_i\{x_i+{\sum\limits_{j=1}^{t}}\({\rho}_{ij}{\frac{d_i}{d_j}}\)x_j\}x_i$$ Conclusion: This paper derived the quality loss function with multiple quality characteristics to expand the usefulness of the Taguchi quality loss function. The function derived in this paper would be more meaningful to estimate quality costs under the practical situation and general structure with multiple quality characteristics than the function by linear algebraic approach in response surface analysis.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2000

The generalized noncommutative torus $T_{\rho}^d$ of rank m was defined in [2]. Assume that for the completely irrational noncommutative subtorus $A_{\rho}$ of rank m of $T_{\rho}^d$ there is no integer q > 1 such that $tr(K_0(A_{\rho}))=\frac{1}{q}{\cdot}tr(K_0(A_{\rho^{\prime}}))$ for $A_{\rho^{\prime}}$ a completely irrational noncommutative torus of rank m. All $C^*$-algebras ${\Gamma}({\eta})$ of sections of locally trivial $C^*$-algebra bundles ${\eta}$ over $M=\prod_{i=1}^{e}S^{2k_i}{\times}\prod_{i=1}^{s}S^{2n_i+1}$, $\prod_{i=1}^{s}\mathbb{PR}_{2n_i}$, or $\prod_{i=1}^{s}L_{k_i}(n_i)$ with fibres $T_{\rho}^d{\otimes}M_c(\mathbb{C})$ were constructed in [6, 7, 8]. We prove that ${\Gamma}({\eta}){\otimes}M_{p^{\infty}}$ is isomorphic to $C(M){\otimes}A_{\rho}{\otimes}M_{cd}(\mathbb{C}){\otimes}M_{p^{\infty}}$ if and only if the set of prime factors of cd is a subset of the set of prime factors of p, that $\mathcal{O}_{2u}{\otimes}{\Gamma}({\eta})$ is isomorphic to $\mathcal{O}_{2u}{\otimes}C(M){\otimes}A_{\rho}{\otimes}M_{cd}(\mathbb{C})$ if and only if cd and 2u - 1 are relatively prime, and that $\mathcal{O}_{\infty}{\otimes}{\Gamma}({\eta})$ is not isomorphic to $\mathcal{O}_{\infty}{\otimes}C(M){\otimes}A_{\rho}{\otimes}M_{cd}(\mathbb{C})$ if cd > 1 when no non-trivial matrix algebra can be ${\Gamma}({\eta})$.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1998

최근 선진국에서는 폐플라스틱을 고로의 대체연료로 이용하려는 기술개발이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 포항제철 주물선 고로 풍구 1본을 대상으로 시험취입을 실시한 결과, 플라스틱의 취입속도는 다음과 같이 나타낼수 있었다. ${W}_{s}=0.265\frac{{delta}PA}{U}_{g}$ 여기서 Ws, ΔP, A 그리고 Ug는 각각 플라스틱 수송속도(kg/sec), 공급용기내의 압력과 송풍압력의 차이(atm), 수송배관의 단면적($m^2$) 그리고 총 수송공기 유속(m/sec)이다. 약 96시간의 조업기간중 최대 취입비 6.4kg-plastic/t-p까지의 반연속 시험취입 조업결과, 치환율은 1.38정도였다. 플라스틱이 취입됨에 따라 노정가스중 수소의 함량은 증가하였으며, 연소대 형상변화에 따라 bellyqn 노체의 온도는 상승하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1969

The newly developed diagnostic method with application of $^{113}Sn-^{113m}In$ cow system ($^{113}Sn:\;T\frac{1}{2}$ 118 days, $^{113m}In:\;T\frac{1}{2}$ 1.7 hrs, 390 Kev, Single ${\gamma}$) has the remarkable advantages such as increased diagnostic ability by single large dose administration of $^{113m}In$ with no subsequent radiation hazard and shortened examining time. We reformed the research of following scope with the use of developed $^{113}Sn-^{113m}In$ cow (25 mCi) generator: The sizes of particles produced under various conditions were investigated, and possibility for application to the scannings of various organs such as brain, liver, lung, bone marrow and blood pool etc. were studied. Results: $^{113m}InCl_3$ solution eluted from diluted HCl solution (pH 1.5) passed through $^{113}Sn-^{113m}In$ generator, and there can be produced various sized particles of colloidal indium. And there observed the state of distribution of $^{113m}In$ in each organ which showed many differences according to the particle sizes of colloidal indium. The results are stated as follows: 1. The adjustment of pH is the most important factor in making the desirable particle size of colloidal indium. The colloid for blood pool showed the highest level as 7.1%/gm blood, at pH 1.7, the colloid of pH 3.5 for liver scanning showed the highest level, 88.4%, in the liver, the colloid pH 6 showed the highest level, 3.1%, in the spleen, and the colloid of pH 11.0 showed the highest level, 85.3%/gm, in the lung. 2. The colloid for liver scanning made with NaCl-NaOH system showed the highest liver uptake at pH 7.2, and at either higher or lower pH than 7.2 showed decrease of liver uptake more or less. 3. The activity of $^{113m}In$ eluted through $^{113}Sn-^{113m}In$ generator indicated over 90% in the initial 4 ml, and particularly 88.1%-86.0% in the initial 2 ml. 4. The incubation time, tempertaure and mechanical irritation related to colloid formation and coating of colloid were not the definite condition of influence.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.1249-1268
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• 2011

For imaginary quadratic number fields F = $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{{\varepsilon}p_1{\ldots}p_{t-1}})$, where ${\varepsilon}{\in}${-1,-2} and distinct primes $p_i{\equiv}1$ mod 4, we give condition of 8-ranks of class groups C(F) of F equal to 1 or 2 provided that 4-ranks of C(F) are at most equal to 2. Especially for F = $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{{\varepsilon}p_1p_2)$, we compute densities of 8-ranks of C(F) equal to 1 or 2 in all such imaginary quadratic fields F. The results are stated in terms of congruence relation of $p_i$ modulo $2^n$, the quartic residue symbol $(\frac{p_1}{p_2})4$ and binary quadratic forms such as $p_2^{h+(2_{p_1})/4}=x^2-2p_1y^2$, where $h+(2p_1)$ is the narrow class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2p_1})$. The results are also very useful for numerical computations.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.104-120
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• 1979

I. Title of the Study Studies on the Development of Improved Subsurface Drainage Methods. -Drainage Performance of Various Subsurface Drain Materials- II. Object of the Study Studies were carried out to select the drain material having the highest performance of drainage; And to develop the water budget model which is necessary for the planning of the drainage project and the establishment of water management standards in the water-logged paddy field. III. Content and Scope of the Study 1. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory by using a sand tank model. The drainage performance of various drain materials was compared evaluated. 2. A water budget model was established. Various parameters necessary for the model were investigated by analyzing existing data and measured data from the experimental field. The adaptability of the model was evaluated by comparing the estimated values to the field data. IV. Results and Recommendations 1. A corrugated tube enveloped with gravel or mat showed the highest drainage performance among the eight materials submmitted for the experiment. 2. The drainage performance of the long cement tile(50 cm long) was higher than that of the short cement tile(25 cm long). 3. Rice bran was superior to gravel in its' drain performance. 4. No difference was shown between a grave envelope and a P.V.C. wool mat in their performance of drainage. Continues investigation is needed to clarify the envelope performance. 5. All the results described above were obtained from the laboratory tests. A field test is recommended to confirm the results obtained. 6. As a water balance model of a given soil profile, the soil moisture depletion D, could be represented as follows; $$D=\Sigma\limit_{t=1}^{n}(Et-R_{\ell}-I+W_d)..........(17)$$ 7. Among the various empirical formulae for potential evapotranspiration, Penman's formular was best fit to the data observed with the evaporation pans in Jinju area. High degree of positive correlation between Penman;s predicted data and observed data was confirmed. The regression equation was Y=1.4X-22.86, where Y represents evaporation rate from small pan, in mm/100 days, and X represents potential evapotranspiration rate estimated by Penman's formular. The coefficient of correlation was r=0.94.** 8. To estimate evapotranspiration in the field, the consumptive use coefficient, Kc, was introduced. Kc was defined by the function of the characteristics of the crop soil as follows; $Kc=Kco{\cdot}Ka+Ks..........(20)$ where, Kco, Ka ans Ks represents the crop coefficient, the soil moisture coefficient, and the correction coefficient, respectively. The value of Kco and Ka was obtained from the Fig.16 and the Fig.17, respectively. And, if $Kco{\cdot}Ka{\geq}1.0,$ then Ks=0, otherwise, Ks value was estimated by using the relation; $Ks=1-Kco{\cdot}Ka$. 9. Into type formular, $r_t=\frac{R_{24}}{24}(\frac{b}{\sqrt{t}+a})$, was the best fit one to estimate the probable rainfall intensity when daily rainfall and rainfall durations are given as input data, The coefficient a and b are shown on the Table 16. 10. Japanese type formular, $I_t=\frac{b}{\sqrt{t}+a}$, was the best fit one to estimate the probable rainfall intensity when the rainfall duration only was given. The coefficient a and b are shown on the Table 17. 11. Effective rainfall, Re, was estimated by using following relationships; Re=D, if $R-D\geq}0$, otherwise, Re=R. 12. The difference of rainfall amount from soil moisture depletion was considered as the amount of drainage required. In this case, when Wd=O, Equation 24 was used, otherwise two to three days of lag time was considered and correction was made by use of storage coefficient. 13. To evaluate the model, measured data and estimated data was compared, and relative error was computed. 5.5 percent The relative error was 5.5 percent. 14. By considering the water budget in Jinju area, it was shown that the evaporation amount was greater than the rainfall during period of October to March in next year. This was the behind reasonning that the improvement of surface drainage system is needed in Jinju area.