• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 1987

This paper deals with the analysis and adjustment computation for the Korean 1st order levelling data obtained by the National Geography Institute from 1974 to 1986. An evaluation of the accuracy of level lines using forward/back discrepancies and adjustment residuals has been carried out. A general assessment of the network in the light of current standards with other countries is discussed. The results of this study show that systematic errors are relatively high but the accuracy of the primary levelling is good enough within the limitation of precision levelling according to International Association of Geodesy(IAG) Resolution, and therefore it is concluded that this levelling will satisfy the present mapping and engineering survey.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.610-616
• /
• 2007

We developed a coarse-grained force field and have extended it to polystyrene with longer chain length. A systematic method was introduced and was utilized to explain how the coarse-grained force field for polystyrene could be developed from the atomistic simulation in the paper. We elected to use polystyrene with different chain lengths of 20, 40 and 80 monomers in this study. In three cases, we utilized the same new mapping scheme. The coarse-grained force field does reproduce the bond, angle, and radial distribution of the atomistic model. The coarse-grained model proved successful, as shown by analyses of the static and dynamic properties of different chain lengths.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.46 no.8
• /
• pp.833-842
• /
• 2013

The quantile mapping is utilized to reproduce reliable GCM(Global Climate Model) data by correct systematic biases included in the original data set. This scheme, in general, projects the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the underlying data set into the target CDF assuming that parameters of target distribution function is stationary. Therefore, the application of stationary quantile mapping for nonstationary long-term time series data of future precipitation scenario computed by GCM can show biased projection. In this research the Nonstationary Quantile Mapping (NSQM) scheme was suggested for bias correction of nonstationary long-term time series data. The proposed scheme uses the statistical parameters with nonstationary long-term trends. The Gamma distribution was assumed for the object and target probability distribution. As the climate change scenario, the 20C3M(baseline scenario) and SRES A2 scenario (projection scenario) of CGCM3.1/T63 model from CCCma (Canadian Centre for Climate modeling and analysis) were utilized. The precipitation data were collected from 10 rain gauge stations in the Han-river basin. In order to consider seasonal characteristics, the study was performed separately for the flood (June~October) and nonflood (November~May) seasons. The periods for baseline and projection scenario were set as 1973~2000 and 2011~2100, respectively. This study evaluated the performance of NSQM by experimenting various ways of setting parameters of target distribution. The projection scenarios were shown for 3 different periods of FF scenario (Foreseeable Future Scenario, 2011~2040 yr), MF scenario (Mid-term Future Scenario, 2041~2070 yr), LF scenario (Long-term Future Scenario, 2071~2100 yr). The trend test for the annual precipitation projection using NSQM shows 330.1 mm (25.2%), 564.5 mm (43.1%), and 634.3 mm (48.5%) increase for FF, MF, and LF scenarios, respectively. The application of stationary scheme shows overestimated projection for FF scenario and underestimated projection for LF scenario. This problem could be improved by applying nonstationary quantile mapping.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.100-107
• /
• 2001

On the planning for the systematic management and control of the air pollution display methods were used to evaluate the spatial pollutant concentration status. This study were conducted to investigate the practical using of Geographic Information System(GIS) technology on the air pollution control and management which were computer-based systems that were used to store and manipulate geographic information in the macro city. In this study 137 samples were corrected by passive samplers and analysed by GC/MSD for 16 VOCs in Seoul (25 distincts) distributed by TM-coordinate(2 km$\times$2km), and finally displayed by Arciew program(version 3.2, ESRI Inc, USA) for windows. The concentration of benzene and toluene showed high level in whole area of seoul area of Seoul and distribution of butylbenzen, trothroloetylene, stylen showed high level in whole area of Seoul except a few distincts and the distribution of isopropylbenzene, 1,2-dichroloethane showed higher level in core area than that of Kangnam and Kangbuk area. In conclusion, products of this study of using GIS technology apply on the spatial distribution of VOCs concentration was very effective than that of other methods(e.g., contouring concentration method, pie or column chart, graduated symbols), especially in mapping and symbolization of pollution status evaluation.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.257-276
• /
• 2020

Faithful evaluation of the meteorological input is a prerequisite for a better understanding of air quality model performance. Despite the importance, the preliminary meteorological assessment has rarely been concerned. In this study, we aim to evaluate the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model conducting a year-long high-resolution meteorological simulation in 2016 over the Seoul metropolitan area. The WRF model was configured based on a series of sensitivity simulations of initial/boundary meteorological conditions, land use mapping data, reanalysis grid nudging method, domain nesting method, and urban canopy model. The simulated results of winds, air temperature, and specific humidity in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) were evaluated following statistical evaluation guidance using the surface and upper meteorological measurements. The statistical evaluation results are presented. The model performance was interpreted acceptable for air quality modeling within the statistical criteria of complex conditions, showing consistent overestimation in wind speeds. Further statistical analysis showed that the meteorological model biases were highly systematic with systematic bias fractions (f_SB) of 20~50%. This study suggests that both the momentum exchange process of the surface layer and the ABL entrainment process should be investigated for further improvement of the model performance.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.50-84
• /
• 2019

As the technology commercialization of American universities has been greatly activated since the implementation of the Bayh Dole Act, that of Korean universities has been steadily increasing since the enactment of the Technology Transfer Promotion Act of 2000, due to numerous related laws, government support programs, and accumulated experience of technology transfer. However, the level of technology commercialization of domestic universities is still insufficient in comparison to that of advanced countries such as the United States. So, in this study, we tried to identify factors promoting technology transfer and start-ups in Korean universities by examining domestic prior researches carried out since 2000 using SLR (Systematic Literature Review) methodology. As a result of our analysis, researches in the field of technology transfer were the most studied while papers on start-up are actively increasing recently. As for factors influencing commercialization of technology, internal and external factors were identified. The former were categorized as human resource, technology and knowledge resource, financial resource, managing resource and strategy, university type, and education and culture, while the latter were grouped into consumer, region, and infrastructure. And then detailed factors were integrated in each field by systematic mapping. Our study has its meaning in that it systematically accumulated the results of researches on technological commercialization of Korean universities and identified areas that are lacking or need additional research. And the integrated promoting factors for technology transfer or start-up can also be used as a checklist for universities or public institutes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2012

Marine scientific monitoring, including monitoring of oil pollution, marine ecosystems, and the marine environment in general, has been being carried out continuously in order to assess the impact of oil pollution since the Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 2007. GIS thematic maps containing visual and summarized information are very useful for conducting exploratory analyses on the spatio-temporal variability of the marine environment and marine ecosystems due to oil pollution. Defining map types and building a legend in accordance with data characteristics are essential elements for mapping. In the present study, map types were defined according to the data attributes and GIS data types for each data item and classification of data intervals for the legend was defined by using two data distribution types through a histogram analysis. The data interval method was defined as follows: If the histogram of data has a uniform distribution, an equal interval method is applied; in the case of a normal distribution, a standard deviation method is applied. In addition, thematic map templates were made for each map type through the definition of marginal elements. Through the establishment of systematic mapping methods and procedures in this study, it was possible to effectively make standardized thematic maps for various kinds of marine scientific data.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2020.12a
• /
• pp.510-519
• /
• 2020

Within an intelligent automated cyber-physical system, the realization of the autonomous mechanism for data collection, data integration, and data analysis plays a critical role in the design, development, operation, and maintenance of such a system. This construct is particularly vital for fault-tolerant route-finding systems that rely on the imprecise GPS location of the vehicles to properly operate, timely plan, and continuously produce informative feedback to the user. More essentially, the integration of digital twins with cyber-physical route-finding systems has been overlooked in intelligent transportation services with the capacity to construct the network routes solely from the locations of the operating vehicles. To address this limitation, the present study proposes a conceptual architecture that employs digital twin to autonomously maintain, update, and manage intelligent transportation systems. This virtual management simulation can improve the accuracy of time-of-arrival prediction based on auto-generated routes on which the vehicle's real-time location is mapped. To that end, first, an intelligent transportation system was developed based on two primary mechanisms: 1) an automated route finding process in which predictive data-driven models (i.e., regularized least-squares regression) can elicit the geometry and direction of the routes of the transportation network from the cloud of geotagged data points of the operating vehicles and 2) an intelligent mapping process capable of accurately locating the vehicles on the map whereby their arrival times to any point on the route can be estimated. Afterward, the digital representations of the physical entities (i.e., vehicles and routes) were simulated based on the auto-generated routes and the vehicles' locations in near-real-time. Finally, the feasibility and usability of the presented conceptual framework were evaluated through the comparison between the primary characteristics of the physical entities with their digital representations. The proposed architecture can be used by the vehicle-tracking applications dependent on geotagged data for digital mapping and location tracking of vehicles under a systematic comparison and simulation cyber-physical system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2006

Although the uninhabitable islands are part of national property, those are not systematically managed and controlled in Korea. In this study, the positioning standards for uninhabitable islands are suggested with proper surveying methods. To establish the standards, the current status on managing the uninhabitable islands in foreign countries are investigated and analyzed. It was found that it is necessary to establish the ocean geodetic network based on a sound and systematic plan. In Korea, the ocean geodetic network can be established by combining the National control point and territorial sea control points. We suggested that one or two third or fourth control points are required to be established in total of 2,679 islands with connection to the 47and 249 first and second-order control points. It is expected that this network will provide ground control points for aerial and satellite images for large scale ocean mapping. In addition, close cooperation among the related departments such as Ministry of Construction & Transportation, National Geographic Information Institute, Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and Ministry of Environment is necessary for successful management on uninhabitable islands.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.405-413
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review articles on Nursing Management Minimum Data Sets (NMMDS) and to suggest strategies to improve practical use of NMMDS in nursing management. Methods: A systematic search for articles published until 2013 was undertaken using the following biomedical databases: CINAHL, PubMed, and Google scholar. Seventeen articles were fully reviewed. Results: The results showed that studies were related to updating NMMDS reflecting current EHR use, mapping NMMDS to standardized national databases, and validating, translating and evaluating NMMDS for international uses. NMMDS has three dimensions and was developed reflecting the needs of nurse managers. Conclusion: The study findings provide a summary of recent trends in NMMDS. These results can serve as basic information to promote practical use of NMMDS in the healthcare organization to provide nursing management data for nurse managers.