• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

Although it has been confirmed that excessive body fat increases health risks and all-cause mortality, several epidemiological studies have reported that overweight or obesity in patients with chronic diseases and in older adults is advantageous with respect to mortality. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the biological basis of this obesity paradox. The marked heterogeneity of findings observed across studies and the possibility of systematic errors in these studies have cast doubt on the actual existence of the obesity paradox. However, the obesity paradox questioned the validity of body mass index as the best indicator for obesity in terms of predicting its comorbidities and urges clinicians to focus more on changes in body composition and related metabolic derangements, rather than body weight per se.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.48.1-48.11
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• 2020

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify mean oxygen saturation values (SpO₂) using pulse oximetry in permanent maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde electronic databases were searched. Combinations and variations of "oximetry" AND "dental pulp test" were used as search terms. Studies reporting means and standard deviations of SpO₂ values were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and all analyses were performed using R software. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Of the 251 studies identified, 19 met the eligibility criteria and were included (total sample, 4,541 teeth). In the meta-analysis, the mean SpO₂ values were 84.94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.85%-85.04%) for the central incisors, 89.29% (95% CI, 89.22%-89.35%) for the lateral incisors, and 89.20% (95% CI, 89.05%-89.34%) for the canines. The studies were predominantly low-quality due to the high risk of bias associated with the index test, unclear risk regarding patient selection, and concerns about outcome assessment. Conclusions: Although most studies were low-quality, the oxygen saturation levels in normal pulp could be established (minimum saturation, 77.52%). Despite the risk of bias of the included studies, the reference values reported herein are clinically relevant for assessments of changes in pulp status.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2004년도 제5회 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.256-260
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• 2004

군 시설공사비는 국방예산의 많은 부분을 차지하고 있으며, 사업예산의 합리적인 편성은 군 시설업무 관련자의 중요한 관심사이다. 그러나 시설예산 편성시 기준으로 제시되는 시설물 단가를 실제 공사의 집행금액과 비교하면 항상 부족예산이 발생되므로, 이를 보정하여 적정한 공사비를 산정하는데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 과거의 실적공사비를 현재의 가치로 환산할 수 있는 공사비지수를 개발하여 적용함으로써 예산편성 업무의 효율성을 높이고 합리적인 의사결정을 지원하고자 한다. 본 연구는 실적공사비를 분석하여 공사비 결정에 중요한 영향을 끼치는 요소들을 도출하였다. 도출된 영향요소를 재료비, 노무비, 경비의 비목으로 구분하고 각 요소들이 공사비에서 차지하는 영향도를 기준으로 가중치를 산정한 후, 가중평균산식에 의한 공사비지수를 개발하였다.

• 감성과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

디지털 기술의 발전과 제품의 정보화로 인해 최근 사용자 인터페이스 디자인의 중요성이 더욱 더 증대되고 있다. 따라서 사용자 인터페이스의 개선이 어느정도 효과가 있는지를 체계적이고 합리적인 방법으로 측정하고 관리하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 사용자 인터페이스 디자인에 있어서 사용성이 얼마나 개선되었는지를 나타내는 측정 가능한 '사용성 개선지수'를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 먼저 기존의 사용성 평가방법과 선행연구에 대한 분석을 통해 사용성 개선지수 개발을 위한 사용성 측정 및 평가방법에 대한 틀을 마련하였다. 다음으로는 측정 가능한 사용성의 특성을 분류, 정의하고 이를 바탕으로 사용성 개선지수 산출 프로세스를 제안하였다. 현재의 사용성 수준을 측정하고 문제점을 분석하여 사용성을 개선한 대안을 제시하고, 개선된 사용성 수준을 측정하여 개선전과 개선 후의 사용성 수준을 비교할 수 있게 하였다. 개발된 사용성 개선지수는 실제 제품의 사용성평가와 개선작업을 사례연구로 진행하여 그 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 목표에 의한 UI디자인을 가능하게 하고 사용성을 체계적이고 합리적인 방법으로 개선하고 관리하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2005

여러 발파공학자들이 현지 암반의 지역적 특성을 고려한 발파를 위해 적용할 수 있는 나름대로의 방법론들을 개발하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 대부분의 방법론들이 지역적인 암반 특성을 반영할 수 있도록 체계화되어 있지 못할 뿐만 아니라 발파자의 관찰과 경험에만 주로 의존한다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 현지암반의 고유한 공학적 특성을 고려할 수 있도록 Lilly가 제안한 발파지수(blastability index) 개념을 도입하여 발파설계 인자를 도출할 수 있도록 시도하였다. 발파지수 산정 시에는 암반 자체의 공학적 특성뿐만 아니라 절리분포 특성도 반영이 되므로 현지 여건에 부합될 수 있는 발파암 분류가 가능하고, 합리적인 발파설계를 수행하는 데에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

The $H{\beta}$ and some metal line indices, such as Mg2, Fe52 of single-age and single-metallicity populations are computed based on the method of evolutionary population synthesis, with careful consideration of the variation of the horizontal-branch morphology with metallicity and age. We find (a) that while metal lines are little af-fected, the $H{\beta}$ index is severely enhanced (up to 30%)by the presence of the blue horizontal-branch stars, frustrating the current age-estimations from this index with out careful consideration of these stars, and (b) that there is a systematic trend in the sense that the globular clusters in giant elliptical galaxies appear to be older than those in our Galaxy by several billion years. We also calculate these indices for the stellar populations with a metallicity spread, by adopting metallicity distribution functions predicted by chemical evolution models. The comparison of the models with the observed indices of the central regions of the early-type galaxies yields the results (a) that the ages of the giant elliptical galaxies would be older than the previous estimations by several billion years, and (b) that there is a considerable age spread among elliptical galaxies, in the sense that the giant elliptical galaxies are older than small ones.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.106-117
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• 2012

In an effort to analyze the impact of climate change, Gangwon provincial forest was divided into three sectors; forest ecology, forest disaster, and forest productivity and analysis of their current status from 2000 to 2009 and vulnerability assessment by climate change has been carried in this study. In case of vulnerability assessment, except for the forest ecology, forest disaster (forest fires and forest pests) and forest productivity sectors were analyzed in current status, the year of 2020, and 2050. It turned out that vulnerability of forest fires in the field of disaster would become worse and forest pests also would make more impact even though there is some variation in different areas. In case of the vulnerability of forest productivity there would be not a big difference in the future compared with current vulnerability. Systematic research on the sensitivity index used for vulnerability assessment is necessary since vulnerability assessment result greatly depends on the use of climate exposure index and adaptive capacity index.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2014

Objective and Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of individual characteristics, work-related factors, lifestyle factors, and health problems with work ability among aging workers in Korea. Method: In this cross-sectional survey, the study population consisted of 1,594 workers who had participated in a voluntary health promotion center and private workplace. Participants completed the work ability index. Results: The mean WAI score was 37.4, while the mean age of the sample was 43.25. In the age group over 50 showed 36.26. The majority of participants rated their work ability as 'good' to 'excellent', one-third moderate and about 7.5% poor. Work ability decreased significantly with age among the men. The younger group had higher scores on the work ability index than the age group over 50, except for mental resources. By work characteristics, work ability was analyzed to be the lowest in the case of work handling heavy stuff. Lastly, as a result of health factors analysis, the good management and retention of current health status can be the measure helpful to the improvement of work ability. Conclusion and Application: According to the results, it can be a basic principle to devise and enforce preventive measures on the factors for which improvement or action is possible, together with workplace-level systematic approach, in order to improve work ability. For such measures to be realized, it is necessary to check trends in change for several years.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.667-683
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• 2015

Since aged water treatment facilities could threaten the sustainable water supply, asset management system has been adopted for their systematic management. Level of Service(LoS) is one of critical components of asset management and could be quantified through benchmark index(BMI). Water supplier could estimate consumer's satisfaction and their performance through BMI to improve the LoS. We developed BMI for water treatment facilities from customer's satisfaction survey. BMI, represented with the Total Service Score(TSS), was assessed with water quality, water pressure, taste and odor, water rate, and service quality with weighing factors. BMI could, further, be used to assist the analysis of the life cycle cost to increase the unit of LoS.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

Fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) is a widely used chemical in paper industry, but a systematic and scientific method on FWA analysis has not been established. We performed the basic researches on the fluorescence analysis of FWA. The fluorescence of FWA was investigated using a spectrofluorometer and a spectrophotometer. When FWA solution was analyzed using the spectrofluorometer, we found that the peak wavelength of the fluorescence emission was about 440 nm and that of the fluorescence excitation was about 370 nm irrespective of FWA types. Papers dyed with an internal FWA were prepared in a laboratory and the reflectance and the fluorescence index were measured using the spectrophotometer. It was confirmed that the optimum peak wavelength of the reflectance was 440 nm and the fluorescence index calculated from the CIE whiteness with and without UV light under a light source D65 was the best indicator to measure the fluorescence of FWAs exiting in papers.