• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.2073-2081
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• 2002

In product design and manufacturing, axiomatic design provides a systematic approach for the decision-making process. Two axioms have been defined such as the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom. The Information Axiom states that the best design among those that satisfy the independence axiom is the one with the least information content. In other words, the best design is the one that has the highest probability of success. On the other hand, the Taguchi robust design is used in the two-step process; one is "reduce variability," and the other is "adjust the mean on the target." The two-step can be interpreted as a problem that has two FRs (functional requirements). Therefore, the Taguchi method should be used based on the satisfaction of the Independence Axiom. Common aspects exist between the Taguchi method and Axiomatic Design in that a robust design is induced. However, different characteristics are found as well. The Taguchi method does not have the design range, and the probability of success may not be enough to express robustness. Our purpose is to find the one that has the highest probability of success and the smallest variation. A new index is proposed to satisfy these conditions. The index is defined by multiplication of the robustness weight function and the probability density function. The robustness weight function has the maximum at the target value and zero at the boundary of the design range. The validity of the index is proved through various examples.gh various examples.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.347-359
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• 2021

최근 건설공사는 초대형화로 단일 공사규모가 복잡해지고 천문학적인 공사비가 소요되는 프로그램 관리 형태의 성격을 지니는 사업이 등장하고 있다. 특히, 대규모 건설사업과 같이 프로그램 수준에서 관리가 절대적으로 필요한 사업은 계획된 일정 및 비용에 대한 전제적인 관리가 필요하다. 하지만 국내의 경우 구체적인 공사지연에 관한 관리기준이 부재한 현실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대규모, 장기간 진행되는 프로그램 수준의 대규모 건설사업을 성공적으로 수행하고 공정지연 및 부진사업을 사전에 방지하기 위한 지연관리지수(Delay Management Index, DMI)를 개발하였다. 이를 통해 대규모 복합건설 프로젝트를 대상으로 사례연구를 수행하였으며, 프로그램 수준 건설사업을 위한 지연예방체계를 구축하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2009

Objective : This study was performed in order to provide basic data for halitosis prevention and establish a device to efficiently eliminate halitosis and to analyze the factors that affect the halitosis. Methods : Oral examination on the Gingival index, CPITN, Tongue Plaque index, and OHI-S as well as halitosis measurement among 293 rural residents. Results : Gingival index was high at mild on female and at moderate on male(p=0.025). Sorting the result by age, mild was 54.1% in the 40s, and moderate was 49.5%, 42.0% and 70.0% each in the 50s, 60s, and the 70s(p=0.005). The need for dental plaque management was 100%. The need for scaling was high with 78.3%, 93.0%, 89.9%, and 90.0% each for the 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s. The need for complex periodontal treatment was also high with 32.4%, 47.5%, 48.7% and 60.0%, each for the 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s(p=0.050). The highest bad condition for OHI-S was 69.5%, and good being 18.9%, and very bad being 11.6%. For moderate tongue plaque index was 74.4% as the highest. As the level of education increased, the slight tongue plague was increased, but in contrast, the moderate and higher tongue plague index was decreased(p=0.010). OG under 50ppm was 61.1% on male and OG over 50ppm was 50.9% on female(p=0.041). In OG over 50ppm, CPITN was 52.1% and 41.9% in scaling and complex periodontal treatment group(p=0.018). OHI-S, in bad and very bad condition with OG, over 50ppm, was 48.7% and 46.9%(p=0.019). The higher tongue plague index showed significant amount of increase at OG and EG above 50ppm(p=0.006). $NH_3$, as the tongue plaque index increased, the wider range of distribution was shown(p=0.000). As for the multiple regression analysis result, there have been selected females and tongue plaque index as factors affecting OG. There have been selected age and tongue plaque index as factors affecting EG and there have been selected females as factors affecting on $NH_3$. Conclusions : With the aforementioned results in mind, the status of halitosis among rural residents is considered to bare a close relation with oral environments. we have to focus on correct tooth brushing methods and tongue brushing, with using tongue cleaner to remove fur of tongue plaque. Also, in order to analyze exactly the factors of individual halitosis, we need continuous and systematic study.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권4호
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• pp.658-664
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• 2021

본 연구는 경상도 지역에 생육하는 삼나무의 지위지수 곡선을 개발하고, 국가수준 삼나무 지위지수 곡선, 전라도 지역 삼나무 지위지수 곡선과의 비교 검정을 통하여 경상도 지역의 지역적 특성을 반영한 정도 높은 지위지수 곡선을 개발함에 목적이 있다. 경상도 지역에 생육하는 삼나무 552본을 대상으로 Chapman-Richards 식, Schumacher 식, Gompertz 식으로 수고생장모델을 개발한 뒤 가장 적합한 모델인 Gompertz 식으로 지위지수 곡선을 개발하였으며, 비교 검정은 유의수준 5%에서 F 검정과 그래프를 이용하여 분석하였다. 검정 결과, 국가수준 삼나무, 기준임령 이전 전라도 지역 삼나무와의 비교는 p-value가 0.05 이상으로, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었으며, 기준임령 이후 전라도 지역 삼나무와의 비교는 p-value가 0.05 이상으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 경상도 지역 삼나무를 국가수준 삼나무, 기준임령 이전 전라도 지역 삼나무 지위지수 곡선에 준용하는 것은 가능하며, 기준임령 이후 전라도 지역 삼나무 지위지수 곡선에 적용하는 것은 불가능한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발한 경상도 지역 삼나무 지위지수를 활용하여, 경상도 지역의 삼나무 임분에 대한 산림경영체계의 기초자료 제공 및 지역적 특성을 반영한 정도 높은 현장 적용력을 통한 경영자의 목적에 맞는 체계적·합리적인 경영이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is reviewing the literature to extract the key parameter, study design, perspective, cost-effectiveness index and find the calibration parameter for the clinical study with economical evaluation protocol on facial palsy. Methods: Literature search is performed using PUBMED for literature published from January 2000 to December 2016. We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and modelling study with economic assessment in which human participated. Results: As a result of literature search, the 198 articles were found. After reviewing the title, abstract and full text, the 5 articles were selected. Selected articles are classified into 4 RCT studies dealing with quality of life and 1 CEA(cost-effectiveness analysis) study. Conclusions: We found reliable key parameters, calibration parameters and elements of economical assessment study, which might be necessary factors for developing research protocol of clinical trial with economic evaluation about facial palsy patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2013

The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of ginseng as a treatment option for managing menopause symptoms. We searched the literature using ll databases from their inception to 26 September 2012 and included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that compared any type of ginseng to a placebo controls in postmenopausal women. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using a Cochrane risk of bias tool. Four RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Most RCTs had high risk of bias. One RCT showed that Korean red ginseng (KRG) significantly improved sexual arousal and global health compared with placebo. Another RCT reported the superiority of KRG over placebo for treating menopause symptoms on Kupperman's index and menopausal rating score. The third RCT failed to show a significant effect of KRG on hot flash frequency compared to placebo. The fourth RCT found beneficial effects of ginseng compared to placebo on depression and well-being. In conclusion, the evidence on ginseng as an effective treatment for managing menopause symptoms is limited. Most of the RCTs are burdened with a high risk of bias. Thus firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Rigorous studies seem warranted.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2674-2697
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• 2019

Identity authentication is a crucial line of defense for network security, and passwords are still the mainstream of identity authentication. So far trawling password attacking has been extensively studied, but the research related with personal information is always sporadic. Probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG) and Markov chain-based models perform greatly well in trawling guessing. In this paper we propose a systematic targeted attacking model based on structure partition and string reorganization by migrating the above two models to targeted attacking, denoted as TG-SPSR. In structure partition phase, besides dividing passwords to basic structure similar to PCFG, we additionally define a trajectory-based keyboard pattern in the basic grammar and introduce index bits to accurately characterize the position of special characters. Moreover, we also construct a BiLSTM recurrent neural network classifier to characterize the behavior of password reuse and modification after defining nine kinds of modification rules. Extensive experimental results indicate that in online attacking, TG-SPSR outperforms traditional trawling attacking algorithms by average about 275%, and respectively outperforms its foremost counterparts, Personal-PCFG, TarGuess-I, by about 70% and 19%; In offline attacking, TG-SPSR outperforms traditional trawling attacking algorithms by average about 90%, outperforms Personal-PCFG and TarGuess-I by 85% and 30%, respectively.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.225-240
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of reminiscence therapy on depressive symptoms in older adults with dementia using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to January 2018 were searched through Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Korean Medical Database (KMbase), KoreaMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Ovid MEDLINE. Two researchers independently performed the search, selection, and coding. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 was used for meta-analysis, and Review Manager program 5.3 was used for quality assessment. Results: Out of the 1,250 retrieved articles, 22 RCTs were selected for analysis. The overall effect size of reminiscence therapy for mitigating depressive symptoms in older adults with dementia was -0.62 (95% Cl: -0.92 to -0.31). The effect size was greater in older adults under 80, those with less disease severity, and those for whom the therapy session lasted less than 40 minutes. Conclusion: Reminiscence therapy is an effective non-pharmacological therapy to improve depressive symptoms in older adults with dementia. Because its effectiveness is also influenced by age, disease severity, and application method, it is necessary to consider treatment designs based on individual characteristics as well as methodological approaches.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.170-181
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• 2022

This review evaluated the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) for chronic fatigue syndrome. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using EA as an intervention for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were identified in 6 databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, CNKI, J-STAGE, KMBASE, OASIS). Fatigue indicators were used as the primary outcome measures. The quality-of-life index, efficiency rate, and level of pain were used as secondary outcome measures. There were 408 patients from seven RCTs included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that EA was significantly associated with fatigue relief compared with the control group (n = 141 SMD = -1.55, 95% CI; -2.58 - -0.52, p = 0.003, I² = 92%). In addition, EA had a statistically significant improvement in quality of life compared with the control group (n = 176, SMD = -2.29, 95% CI; -3.68 - -0.90, p = 0.001, I² = 96%). One study reported ten cases of bleeding, however, no serious adverse events were reported in any of the included studies. This review determined that EA may have a greater clinical effect than the control group for fatigue relief and improved quality of life. However, there were several risks of bias identified. Not all of the RCTs accurately reported the research method, all studies were conducted in 1 country (China), and the number of studies included were small.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.188-200
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• 2023

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease is a condition in which the stomach contents return to the larynx and pharynx via the esophagus, causing mucosal injury. While conventional treatments, such as proton pump inhibitors, have limitations, acupuncture has been shown to reduce LPR symptoms. However, its effectiveness has not been systematically assessed. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating LPR. We review 10 electronic databases with a consistent search strategy, and 2 independent reviewers screened the articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study selected and analyzed 7 randomized controlled trials after the screening to assess primary outcomes, including reflux symptom index and reflux finding score, and secondary outcomes, including upper and lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The results revealed the statistically significant effectiveness of acupuncture in combination with conventional treatment in reducing LPR symptoms compared with conventional treatment alone. The most commonly used acupuncture points were CV22, ST36, and LR3. However, the meta-analysis demonstrated low reliability, as assessed using the GRADE Tool. Further research is needed to improve the evidence and draw clear conclusions regarding the clinical use of acupuncture for treating LPR.