• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2007

${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ is one of the chain breaking antioxidants. Both sterol (triterpene) and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the structure of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ may be responsible for its antioxidative function. We hypothesize that ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ is more effective in preventing the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than the synthetic phenolic compounds in an oil/water (O/W) emulsion system. The antioxidative effectiveness of different concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants was evaluated at different incubation times (0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h) by measuring both the formation of hydroperoxides and the decomposition product of hydroperoxides (hexanal) in each emulsion system. Overall, the order of effectiveness of various antioxidants for inhibiting the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion was: ${\gamma}-oryzanol$> tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)> butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)> butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). O/W emulsion with selective lower concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ showed better effectiveness than that with higher concentration of synthetic antioxidants. However, the ability of both ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants to decompose hydroperoxide was similar. ${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ was more effective antioxidant than the synthetic phenolic compounds in preventing the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion system.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative potential of Korean wild leaf vegetables. Antixoidative activity of chamchwi (Aster scaber), nurucchwi (Pleurospermum kamtschaticum) sumssukbujengee (Aster glheni), moshidae (Adenophora remotiflora), spinach (Spinacia oleracea)k was evaluated as a reference for commonly used synthetic antioxidant, BHA. We compared the content of $\beta$-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidant vitamins, and total phenolic compound including flavonoid as non-vitamin compounds in Korean wild leaf vegetables and spinach. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, Aster scaber and Adenophora remotiflor was only 18-20% of control. TBA value of Aster glheni was 40% of control. On the basis of moles, the high level of vitamin C is the major contributor to the total antioxidant vitamin contents of Pleurospermum kamschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor. The amounts of flavonoid as well as total phenolic compound in Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor were also much higher than those of spinach. The amounts of flavonoid as well as total phenolic compound in Aster glheni were much higher than those of spinach while total amount of antioxidant vitamins was significantly lower than that of spinach. These results suggest that Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor could have antioxidative potency in food. Because of the higher content of antioxidant vitamins in Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor, these Korean wild leaf vegetables may have preventive effects on degenerative diseases, which have been associated with free radical mediated events.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of each fraction from Sedum sarmentosum. Antioxidant activity of each fraction was measured using the DPPH radical assay, the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The antioxidant activities were then compared with that of BHT(synthetic antioxidant). The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were found to have significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, with scavenging potencies showing 90.61 % and 87.02%, respectively. Total phenolic compound contents, determined according to the Folin-Denis method, were found to be in the order of ethyl acetate>butanol>ethanol>chloroform>aqueous fraction. From the results, we have been able to establish a positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic compound content of the sample. The antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid system was measured using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among the tested fractions. On the basis of these results, the ethyl acetate fraction provided equivalent or higher antioxidant activity as compared to BHT. These results suggest that Sedum sarmentosum is a potentially useful antioxidant for foods, cosmetics, and medicine.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2005

Antioxidant films are one active packaging technology that can extend food shelf-life through preventing lipid oxidation, stabilizing color, maintaining sensory properties and delaying microbial growth in foods. Because raw, fresh and minimal processed foods are more perishable during storage or under display conditions than further processed foods, they rapidly lose their original quality. Foods are susceptible to physical, chemical, and biochemical hazards to which packaging films can be effective barriers. Although films incorporated natural (tocopherols, flavonoids and phenolic acids) or synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA, TBHQ, propyl gallate) have been extensively tested to improve quality and safety of various foods, food applications require addressing issues such as physical properties, chemical action, cost, and legal approval. Increased interest in natural antioxidants as substitutes for synthetic antioxidants has triggered research on use of the new natural antioxidants in films and coatings. Use of new components (phytochemicals) as film additives can improve food quality and human health. The biosynthesis of plant phenolics can potentially be optimized by active coatings on harvested fruits and vegetables. These coatings can trigger the plants natural proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway to increase the phenolic contents and maintain overall plant tissue quality. This alternate metabolic pathway has been proposed by Dr. K. Shetty and is supported by numerous studies. A new generation of active food films will not only preserve the food, but increase food's nutritional quality by optimizing raw food biochemical production of phytochemicals.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1993

탈지들깨박으로부터 추출한 유리페놀산, 페놀산 에스터 및 불용성 결합형 페놀산 형태의 페놀화합물들의 항산화효과를 일반 시판용 합성항산화제들과 비교하였다. Chlorogenic acid를 표준물로써 비색법으로 측정한 페놀화합물들의 총함량은 0.75%였고 총페놀산중 유리페놀산, 페놀산 에스터 및 불용성 페놀산 추출물이 차지하는 비율은 각각 87.5, 7.5, 5.0%였다. 이차원 전개법에 의한 paper chromatography 성분분석 결과 유리페놀산 형태의 추출물에서는 대부분의 폐놀화합물이 chlorogenic acid와 일치하였고 소량의 caffeic acid와도 일치되었으나, 페놀산 에스터와 불용성 결합형 페놀산 형태의 추출물에서는 나타나지 않았다. 30g의 탈지들깨 종자박에서 추출된 각 형태의 페놀산 추출물들은 각각의 페놀함량 차이가 큼에도 불구하고 식용대두유 기질에서 0.02%(w/w) 농도로 첨가된 BHT와 비슷한 정도의 항산화 효과를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2018

최근까지도, 현대사회의 암 발생률은 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 인체 내부에서 내재적 또는 외재적인 요인에 의해 DNA 손상이 발생되고, 세포는 DNA 손상에 대한 방어기작을 통해 스스로를 방어한다. 또한, 비정상적인 DNA 생성 및 결손된 DNA 가닥의 복원은 노화, 암, 염증 등 다양한 질병으로부터 기인한다. 많은 연구자는 이러한 DNA 손상을 억제하기 위하여 적절한 소재 탐색에 많은 관심을 두고 있으며, 특히 합성화합물의 부작용이 알려지면서, 천연물을 기반으로 한 암 예방적 소재에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 토복령은 백합과(Liliacese)에 속하는 청미래덩굴(Smilax china L.)의 근경이며, 전통적으로 해독과 종기 등의 치료제로 사용되어왔다. 하지만 토복령의 DNA 손상에 대한 억제 효과에 대한 연구는 미흡하다. 본 논문에서는 토복령의 항산화 효과 및 DNA 손상에 대한 억제 효과를 확인하고, 식물이 포함하는 phenolic 화합물의 활성과 연관 관계를 확인하고자 하였다. 항산화 효과를 확인하기 위해, DPPH 라디칼 및 ABTS 라디칼에 대한 소거 활성을 확인하였다. 토복령 추출물은 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼을 효과적으로 제거하였으며, 높은 환원력을 나타냈다. HPLC 분석을 통해 phenolic 화합물을 정량 및 동정하였으며, 항산화 효과와 phenolic 화합물의 연관 관계를 확인하였다. 또한, $OH^-$ 라디칼 및 $Fe^{2+}$으로 유발된 plasmid DNA 손상에 대한 방어 효과를 확인하였다. 세포 수준에서, DNA 손상에 대한 저해 효과는 산화적 스트레스로 유발된 NIH 3T3 세포의 ${\gamma]$-H2AX 및 p53 단백질 발현 저해 활성을 확인하였다. 또한, H2AX 및 p53 mRNA 수준의 저해 활성을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 토복령 추출물의 phenolic 화합물의 항산화 효과 및 DNA 손상에 대한 억제 효과를 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.411-414
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• 1990

합성 페놀성 산화방지제인 BHA, BHT, PG 및 TBHQ의 티아민 분해능에 대한 pH 및 온도의 영향을 연구하였다. 모든 산화방지제는 pH4의 $38^{\circ}C$에서는 대조군과 같이 티아민 분해능이 거의 없었으나, 같은 pH의 $60^{\circ}C$에서는 $38^{\circ}C$때 보다 그 분해능이 더 컸다. 한편, pH7의 $38^{\circ}C$에서는 같은 온도의 pH4 때 보다 티아민 분해능이 더 빨랐고, 또 pH7의 $60^{\circ}C$에서는 같은 pH의 $38^{\circ}C$에서 보다 그 분해능이 더 컸다. 합성 산화방지제 중 BHA와 BHT의 티아민 분해능은 대조군과 비슷한 수준으로 거의 없거나 가장 낮았고, PG는 그 분해능이 비교적 컸으며, TBHQ는 그 분해능이 가장 컸다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 1997

The prevention of oxidative degradation in fats and oils is largely controlled by the use of synthetic phenolic antioxidants. Antioxidants, BHA: 2-&-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, BHT: 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, TBHQ: tert-butylhydroquinone, PG: propyl gallate, PTG: pentyl gallate, OG:octyl gallate, were extracted from fatty foods with hexane and from hexane layer to presaturated acetonitrile with hexane. The polar phenolic hydroxyl groups of antioxidants were silylated with MSTFA and injected to Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. The calibration plots were linear in the investigated range, 0.1~10.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g. The limit of detection for 6 phenolic antioxidants was 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g. Recoveries and reproducibilities from samples fortified at 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g were in the range of 70~90% and 0.5~13%, respectively. The simultaneous determination of phenolic antioxidants in fatty foods using GC/MS-SIM mode and macro program was described.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.572-580
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• 2023

Hypertension is characterized by excessive renin-angiotensin system activity, leading to blood vessel constriction. Several synthetic compounds have been developed to inhibit renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). These drugs often have adverse side effects, driving the exploration of plant protein-derived peptides as alternative or supplementary treatments. This study assessed the phenolic compound and amino acid content and the antioxidant and antihypertensive activity of 5 South Korean staple crops. Sorghum had the highest phenolic compound content and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Millet grains, particularly finger millet (38.86%), showed higher antihypertensive activity than red beans (14.42%) and sorghum (17.16%). Finger millet was found to contain a large proportion of branched-chain, aromatic, and sulfur-containing amino acids, which are associated with ACE inhibition. In particular, cysteine content was positively correlated with ACE inhibition in the crops tested (r=0.696, p<0.01). This study confirmed that the amino acid composition was more correlated with the antihypertensive activity of grains than the phenolic compound content. Finger millet mainly contained amino acids, which have higher ACE inhibitory activity, resulting in the strongest antihypertensive activity. These findings underscore the antihypertensive potential of select crops as plant-based food ingredients, offering insight into their biological functions.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권3호통권138호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2004

산뽕나무의 생리활성 기능을 탐색하기 위하여 메탄올, 에탄올, 클로로포름, 80% 메탄올, 80% 에탄올 및 추출물을 조제하였고, 산뽕나무 뿌리의 80% 에탄올 추출물로부터 n-Hexane, $CHCl_3$, EtOAc. n-BuOH 및 water 분획물을 제조하였다. 얻어진 추출물과 분획물에 대하여 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거법에 의한 항산화성 효과와 UVB 및 UVA 영역에서의 자외선 흡수 효과를 검토하였다. 산뽕나무 추출물의 수소전자공여능$(IC_{50})$을 측정한 결과 추출물에서는 80% 메탄올 줄기 추출물, 80% 열매 추출물, 80% 뿌리 추출물, 80% 메탄올 및 추출물에서 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 자외선 차단효과에서는 80% 에탄올 뿌리 추출물 및 80% 메탄올 추출물에서 매우 높은 자외선 흡수력이 높게 측정되었다. 항산화 효과 및 자외선 차단효능이 탁월한 산뽕나무 뿌리의 80% 에탄올 추출물을 대상으로 용매 분획물을 제조하였다. 에틸아세테이트 분획물$(IC_{50}\;:\;15.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$이 가장 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었으며, 자외선 차단효과에서도 에틸아세테이트 분획물(E%cm: 223.4)이 자외선 B영역에서 매우 높은 흡수력을 나타내었다. 현재 산뽕나무 부리의 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 대상으로 활성물질의 분리 및 구조규명에 관한 연구를 진행중에 있다.