• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2012

This study attempts to investigate the contribution of prosody to the foreign accent in Chinese speakers' English production by examining the synthesized speech of crossing native and non-native talkers' prosody and segments. For the stimuli of the foreign accent ratings, we transplanted gender-matched native speakers' prosody onto non-native talkers' segments and vice versa, utilizing the TD-PSOLA algorithm. Eight English native listeners participated in judging foreign accent and comprehensibility of the transplanted stimuli. Results showed that the synthesized stimuli were perceived as stronger foreign accent regardless of speakers' proficiency when English speakers' prosody was crossed with Chinese speakers' segments. This suggests that segments contribute more than prosody to native listeners' evaluation of foreign accent. When transplanted with English speakers' segments, Chinese speakers' prosody showed a difference in duration rather than pitch between high and low proficiency such that stronger foreign accent was detected when low proficient Chinese speakers' duration was crossed with English speakers' segments. This indicated that prosody, more specifically duration, plays a role though the prosodic role is not overall as significant as segments. According to the post acoustic analysis, the temporal features contributing to making the duration parameter prominent as opposed to pitch were found out to be speaking rate, pause duration and pause frequency. Finally, foreign accent and comprehensibility showed no significant correlation such that native listeners had no difficulty listening to highly foreign accented speech.

• 한국어교육
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the aspect of production and perception of Korean vowels /${\Lambda}$/ and /o/ and to discuss the correlation between production and perception of the two vowels. For this purpose, two separate experiments were conducted. 19 Chinese learners and 20 Korean native speakers produced Korean vowels /${\Lambda}$/ and /o/. Production experiments indicated that Koreans and Chinese female groups revealed common features in production, showing that they all pronounced /${\Lambda}$/ and /o/ in a distinguishable manner in the acoustic space. On the other hand, the Chinese male group failed to show that they could pronounce two vowels distinctively. The Chinese male group seemed to be confused in vowel height between the two vowels. A perception experiment was carried out on a continuum consisting of 11 synthesized stimuli. The perceptual judgment from referred Chinese and Korean subjects showed that Koreans and Chinese female groups had the same phonological boundaries (stimulus '04') for the two vowels on the continuum. However, the Chinese male group made perceptual criterion on stimulus '03'. These results confirmed that there was strong correlation between the aspect of production and perception.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

This study investigates how American English high back vowels are identified. American English and Korean speakers participated in a phonetic experiment for this study. This study shows their response times of the vowels and discusses how the speakers identified them. For the experiment I used a synthesized vowel continuum between American English /u/ and /$\mho$/based on American English male speakers' voice obtained by Peterson and Barney (1952). I manipulated spectral steps and vowel duration of the stimuli. The statistical results showed that American English speakers were not able to distinguish the stimuli based on spectral quality. Instead they relied on vowel duration. This suggests that the American English high back vowels have changed since Peterson and Barney recorded them in 1952. The Korean speakers also relied on vowel duration, not spectral quality since they could not distinguish them. American speakers' response times of these vowels were not affected by both spectral quality and vowel duration. Koreans' response times were affected by vowel durations only.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

This paper presents an experimental study of the factors modulating the urgency perception of voice alarm generated by concatenative synthesizers. Four experiments were conducted using psycho-physical approach in which 105 participants made magnitude estimation for urgency perception of various voice alarm stimuli. Experiment 1 identified 6 acoustic and non-acoustic factors modulating the perceived urgency of synthesized voice alarm. Experiment 2, 3 and 4 quantified the relations between the objective changes in each of the quantifiable parameters and the subjective changes in urgency perception. This research has implications for the design and implementation of synthesized voice alarm systems where urgency mapping is required.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제41호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2001

This paper reports the results of an experimental phonetic study of intonation contrasts perception by speakers of British English, Japanese and Russian. Six series of re-synthesized two-syllable rise-fall contours with manipulated parameters of the rise in the first and the fall in the second syllable were employed in the experiment. Modifications of pitch height were executed in 2 st steps, and of duration in 30ms steps. The subjects, who were native speakers of British English, Japanese and Russian, identified the sentence type of presented re-synthesized stimuli. The results of the experiments demonstrate overall similarity of the perception strategies across the three groups of subjects, especially regarding the thresholds of declarative' sentence type judgement. Non-declarative judgements are more language-specific. The results can be employed for the teaching of English, Japanese and Russian as foreign languages as well as for speech synthesis and recognition.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

This paper reports the results of an experimental phonetic study of intonation contrasts perception by speakers of British English, Japanese and Russian. Six series of re-synthesized two-syllable rise-fall contours with manipulated parameters of the rise in the first and the fall in the second syllable were employed in the experiment. Modifications of pitch height were executed in 2 st steps, and of duration - in 30ms steps. The subjects, who were native speakers of British English, Japanese and Russian, identified the sentence type of presented re-synthesized stimuli. The results of the experiments demonstrate overall similarity of the perception strategies across the three groups of subjects, especially regarding the thresholds of 'declarative' sentence type judgement. Non-declarative judgements are more language-specific. The results can be employed for the teaching of English, Japanese and Russian as foreign languages as well as for speech synthesis and recognition.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
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• pp.592-595
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• 2002

New polymeric hydrogels based on vinyl ethers have been synthesized by the ${\gamma}$-initiated polymerization method. Their physical chemistry and physical mechanical properities have been studied. It has been shown that structure and swelling behavior of the hydrogels can be regulated by the changing of synthesis conditions nature of monomers. Novel stimuli-sensitive polymers have been synthesized by the varying of macrochains hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. The some biomedical aspects of application of hydrogels in capacity of drain aging polymeric materials in ophthalmology surgery, implants in plastic surgery as well as drug delivery systems have been investigated.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2013

본 논문은 연관된 합성기로부터 생성된 음성 경고음의 모델링에 관한 실험적 연구이다. 112명의 피실험자를 대상으로 심리적-육체적인 접근방법으로 4가지의 실험이 수행 되었다. 첫 번째 실험은 함성 경고음의 위급도를 지각하는 것을 모델링하여 6개의 음성-비음성 요소들을 구분하였다. 두 번째부터 네 번째의 실험은 위급도 지각의 주관적 변화와 객관적으로 계량화 할 수 있는 파라미터를 수치화 하였다. 이 논문은 응급성의 정도를 구분하는 것이 필요한 음성 합성 경고시스템의 설계에 적용될 수 있다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2021

온도, pH, 빛 및 힘 등의 외부 자극에 반응하여 그 구조나 물리 화학적 특성이 변화 가능한 자극 감응형 하이드로젤에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 응력 감응형 분자인 스피로피란을 사용하여 응력 및 pH 감응형 하이드로젤을 제조하였다. 먼저, 폴리에틸렌 다이아크릴레이트(PEGDA)를 스피로피란 분자 양 끝에 접목시켜, 수용액에 쉽게 용해될 뿐만 아니라 하이드로젤 가교제 역할이 가능한 아령모양(PEG-spiropyran-PEG)의 SP-PEGDA 분자를 합성하였다. 이렇게 합성한 SP-PEGDA로 가교된 하이드로젤은 팽윤에 의해 발생하는 내부 응력에 의해 노란색의 스피로피란(SP) 분자를 보라색의 메로사인(MC) 형태로 변환시켰다. 또한 pH에 따라 양성화된 메로사인(MCH) 형태로 변환하여 팽윤과 수축을 시각화 하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

This study explored how Korean L2 learners of English utilize multiple acoustic cues (VOT and F0) in perceiving and producing the English alveolar stop with a voicing contrast. Thirty-four 18-year-old high-school students participated in the study. Their English proficiency level was classified as either 'high' (HEP) or 'low' (LEP) according to high-school English level standardization. Thirty different synthesized syllables were presented in audio stimuli by combining a 6-step VOTs and a 5-step F0s. The listeners judged how close the audio stimulus was to /t/ or /d/ in L2 using a visual analogue scale. The L2 /d/ and /t/ productions collected from the 22 learners (12 HEP, 10 LEP) were acoustically analyzed by measuring VOT and F0 at the vowel onset. Results showed that LEP listeners attended to the F0 in the stimuli more sensitively than HEP listeners, suggesting that HEP listeners could inhibit less important acoustic dimensions better than LEP listeners in their L2 perception. The L2 production patterns also exhibited a group-difference between HEP and LEP in that HEP speakers utilized their VOT dimension (primary cue in L2) more effectively than LEP speakers. Taken together, the study showed that the relative cue-weighting strategies in L2 perception and production are closely related to the learner's L2 proficiency level in that more proficient learners had a better control of inhibiting and enhancing the relevant acoustic parameters.