• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1509-1517
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to develop a program for the automatic derivation of the symbolic equations necessary for the kinematic and dynamic analyses of the spatial mechanism. For this purpose, a symbolic manipulation package called MCSYMA is used. Every symbolic equation is formulated using relative joint coordinate to obtain the numerically efficient system equations. These equations are produced in FORTRAN statements and linked to a FORTRAN program for numerical analysis. Several examples are taken for comparison with the commercial package called DADS which is using Cartesian coordinate approach. Also, this symbolic formulation approach is compared with a conventional numerical approach for an example. The results show that this symbolic approach with relative joint coordinate system is most efficient in computational time among three and is recommended for the derivation of macro elements frequently used.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1080-1086
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• 1987

SLAGEN, a system for symbolic cell layout based on artificial intelligence approach, takes as input a transistor connection description of CMOS standard cells and environment information, and outputs a symbolic layout description. SLAGEN performas transistor grouping by a heuristic search method, in order to minimize the number of separations, and then performs group reordering and transistor reordering with an eye toward minimizing routing. Next, SLAGEN creates a rough initial routing in order to guarantee functionality and correctness, and then improve the initial routing by a rule-based approach.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.18-21
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• 2006

Nowadays, many people enjoy playing games in computer. In this kind of game, people often meet NPC (Non Player Character). It is the virtual character in simplified form of real player and exits in most of current computer games. Various NPCs add the reality and atmosphere of the game as well as help players. There are several techniques to embody NPC, but developers generally use AI technique. This paper discusses some artificial intelligence techniques used in game contents. Especially this paper focuses on the AI techniques used in computer games in terms of the two main approaches, symbolic approach and sub-symbolic approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.145-151
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• 1995

The first-order Taylor series expansion can be evaluated analytically from the formulated symbolic nonlinear dynamic equations. A closed-form linear dynamic euation is derived about a nominal trajectory. The state space representation of the linearized dynamics can be derived easily from the closed-form linear dynamic equations. But manual symbolic expansion of dynamic equations and linearization is tedious, time-consuming and error-prone. So it is desirable to manipulate the procedures using a computer. In this paper, the analytic linearization is performed using the symbolic language MATHEMATICA. Two examples are given to illustrate the approach anbd to compare nonlinear model with linear model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.8 s.108
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• pp.148-159
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to consider the uniform as visual communication, and analyze the expression of symbol shown on the uniform design by the pattern by applying the visual symbol in the communication and operation of the meaning. Also, it is to construct the systematic modeling method of the expression of design symbol by the pattern of uniform in th e various fields. This study is to analyze the symbolic expression method of the uniform design by the pattern by suggesting the symbolic expression method as a frame through the visual symbolic approach of the uniform design and the analysis of semantic symbol according to that. As a result, there arose simplification and emphasis and a method of symbolic expression with the national flag, a conceptual factor characteristically in the sports uniform design. The characteristics of symbolic expression of uniform design were mainly used in the symbolic expression with the customary code and symbol. Also, the uniform in the enterprises were widely used in the expression of uniform with the suggestion and code by the color. As for the characteristics of symbolic expression shown on the event uniform design, the method of symbolic expression by the pattern of uniform was grasped differently asa result of symbolic expression through the image. The method of symbolic expression suggested on this study could be used on a basis of uniform design in the future. Accordingly, this study has a meaning of suggesting the methodology of uniform design that would be a parameter.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.88-96
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• 2009

Contemporary hotels adopt distinctive designs in order to symbolize themes of various spaces they consist of. This phenomenon shows that the importance of spiritual values reflected through themes of spaces is emphasized as much as those of basic functions and structures of hotels. Above all, a variety of expression methods pervading throughout spaces of guest rooms consist of thematic spaces, visualization of emotions, as well as mixture of artistic genres, ones that are originated from unconsciousness of symbolic theory of C.G. Jung and widely perceived as variations of archetype. Meanings of symbolic expressions derived from the analysis of various hotels can be defined by attributes of local cultures as well as propensities of mythicism, which feature local pride enlightened by natural environments, the spirit of the times, historical events and other transcendental and fantastic topics. These symbolic expressions are metaphysical forms that are made unconsciously and such symbols are far beyond mere historical and cultural signs which require us profound and mature methods to approach. It is pleasing to know that we are living in the modern society in which progresses are being made to better understand minds and metal states of human beings. Given such a circumstantial advantage, researches on meanings of symbolic expressions should not be limited to only those of hotel designs, but also those of religious architectures and museums in which spiritual values are emphasized throughout designs of the spaces they consist of.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.247-259
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• 1996

Kinematic design sensitivity analysis for vehicle in suspension systems design is performed. Suspension systems are modeled using composite joins to reduce the number of the constraint equations. This allows a semi-analytical approach that is computerized symbolic manipulation before numerical computations and that may compensate for their drawbacks. All the constraint equations including design variables are derived in symbolic equations for sensitivity analysis. By directly differentiating the equations with respect to design variables, sensitivity equations are obtained. Since the proposed method only requires the hard point data, sensitivity analysis is possible in suspension design stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.61-64
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• 1999

Environmental design should be based on the positive theory, a researcher structured symbolic aesthetics on the basis of positive perception theory. Symbolic aesthetics by ecological theory of perception, human preference is related to existence and the formation of place-identity and cognitive map is dealt importantly in this study. Symbolic aesthetics is a study on environmental meaning and a researcher understood the operation of environmental meaning by regarding symbology as a methodological frame and defined architecture as a visual language system after discussing the importance of signified.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.713-739
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• 2007

Nowadays computers can perform symbolic computations in addition to mere number crunching operations for which they were originally designed. Symbolic computation opens up exciting possibilities in Structural Mechanics and engineering. Classical areas have been increasingly neglected due to the advent of computers as well as general purpose finite element software. But now, classical analysis has reemerged as an attractive computer option due to the capabilities of symbolic computation. The repetitive cycles of simultaneous - equation sets required by the finite element technique can be eliminated by solving a single set in symbolic form, thus generating a truly closed-form solution. This consequently saves in data preparation, storage and execution time. The power of Symbolic computation is demonstrated by six examples by applying symbolic computation 1) to solve coupled shear wall 2) to generate beam element matrices 3) to find the natural frequency of a shear frame using transfer matrix method 4) to find the stresses of a plate subjected to in-plane loading using Levy's approach 5) to draw the influence surface for deflection of an isotropic plate simply supported on all sides 6) to get dynamic equilibrium equations from Lagrange equation. This paper also presents yet another computationally efficient and accurate numerical method which is based on the concept of derivative of a function expressed as a weighted linear sum of the function values at all the mesh points. Again this method is applied to solve the problems of 1) coupled shear wall 2) lateral buckling of thin-walled beams due to moment gradient 3) buckling of a column and 4) static and buckling analysis of circular plates of uniform or non-uniform thickness. The numerical results obtained are compared with those available in existing literature in order to verify their accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.729-734
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• 2012

Clustering analysis has been widely used in numerous applications like pattern recognition, data analysis, intrusion detection, image processing, bioinformatics and so on. Much of previous work has been based on the numeric data only. However, symbolic data analysis has emerged to deal with variables that can have intervals, histograms, and even functions as values. In this paper, we propose a non symmetric proximity based clustering approach for symbolic objects. A method for clustering symbolic patterns based on the average similarity value(ASV) is explored. The results of the proposed clustering method differ from those of the existing methods and the results are very encouraging.