• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.402-415
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• 2019

This study explores the effect that unresearched organizational conduct has on employee engagement (job immersion) as a cause variable and the results from it. Major results identified in an empirical analysis are as follows. First, the main causes of organizational citizenship behavior (such as altruism, conscientious behavior, moral behavior, participatory behavior, and fair play) are shown to not affect job immersion. In other words, conscientious, participatory, and fair behavior affects job immersion, with participatory behavior having the greatest impact. Second, employees' concentration in an organization was only affected by participatory behavior and fair play behavior from among the factors of organizational citizenship behavior, only more so. That is, it has been shown that some of the causes of organizational citizenship behavior, including participatory behavior and fair play behavior, affect employee inter-behavior, and some of them are more influential than others. Third, the only factor that influences the intention to switch jobs among the organizational citizenship behavior is participatory behavior. In other words, altruism, conscientiousness, politeness, and fair play behavior do not affect the way people move from job to job. Participation in organizational citizenship behavior and fair play may affect employee inter-behavior, and the more influential participatory behavior may also affect the intention to relocate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.863-872
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• 2015

Kernel rootkit is recognized as one of the most severe and widespread threats to corrupt the integrity of an operating system. Without an external monitor as a root of trust, it is not easy to detect kernel rootkits which can intercept and modify communications at the interfaces between operating system components. To provide such a monitor isolated from an operating system that can be compromised, most existing solutions are based on external hardware. Unlike those solutions, we develop a kernel introspection system based on the ARM TrustZone technology without incurring extra hardware cost, which can provide a secure memory space in isolation from the rest of the system. We particularly use a secure timer to implement an autonomous switch between secure and non-secure modes. To ensure integrity of reference, this system measured reference from vmlinux which is a kernel original image. In addition, the flexibility of monitoring block size can be configured for efficient kernel introspection system. The experimental results show that a secure kernel introspection system is provided without incurring any significant performance penalty (maximum 6% decrease in execution time compared with the normal operating system).

• Strategy21
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• s.39
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• pp.5-46
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• 2016

North Korea's 4th nuclear test on Jan. 6 and following developments once again awakened the world into seriousness of the nuclear matters on the Korean peninsula. On March 2, UNSC adopted Resolution 2270 which is complemented by Seoul government's measures such as withdrawal from the Gaesung Industrial Complex (Feb. 9) and announcement of unilateral sanction (March 8). Seoul government also strongly urged the international community to strangle North Korea's 'financial resources.' The U.S., Japan, China, and other countries have issued unilateral sanctions to complement the UNSC measure. South Korea and the U.S. conducted their annual joint military drill (Resolve-Foal Eagle) in the largest-ever scale. North Korea, however, responded with demonstration of its nuclear capabilities and announcement of de facto 'nuclear-first' politics. North Korea test-fired a variety of delivery vehicles, threatened nuclear strikes against South Korea and the U.S., and declared itself as an 'invincible nuclear power armed with hydrogen bombs' at the 7th Workers 'Party Congress held in May, 2016. Considering the circumstantial evidences, the North's 4th nuclear test may have been a successful boosted fission bomb test. North Korea, and, if allowed to go on with its nuclear programs, will become a nuclear power armed with more than 50 nuclear weapons including hydrogen bombs. The North is already conducting nuclear blackmail strategy towards South Korea, and must be developing 'nuclear use' strategies. Accordingly, the most pressing challenge for the international community is to bring the North to 'real dialogue for denuclearization through powerful and consistent sanctions. Of course, China's cooperation is the key to success. In this situation, South Korea has urgent challenges on diplomacy and security fronts. A diplomatic challenge is how to lead China, which had shown dual attitudes between 'pressure and connivance' towards the North's nuclear matters pursuant to its military relations with the U.S, to participate in the sanctions consistently. A military one is how to offset the 'nuclear shadow effects' engendered by the North's nuclear blackmail and prevent its purposeful and non-purposeful use of nuclear weapons. Though South Korea's Ministry of Defense is currently spending a large portion of defense finance on preemption (kill-chain) and missile defense, they pose 'high cost and low efficiency' problems. For a 'low cost and high efficiency' of deterrence, South Korea needs to switch to a 'retaliation-centered' deterrence strategy. Though South Korea's response to the North's nuclear threat can theoretically be boiled down into dialogue, sanction and deterrence, now is the time to concentrate on strong sanction and determined deterrence since they are an inevitable mandatory course to destroy the North' nuclear-first delusion and bring it to a 'real denuclearization dialogue.'

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.913-920
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• 2011

In this paper, a logic process based 1-kbit EEPROM IP for RFID tag chips of 900MHz is designed. The cell array of the designed 1-kbit EEPROM IP is arranged in a form of four blocks of 16 rows x 16 columns, that is in a two-dimensional arrangement of one-word EEPROM phantom cells. We can reduce the IP size by making four memory blocks share CG (control gate) and TG (tunnel gate) driver circuits. We propose a TG switch circuit to supply respective TG bias voltages according to operational modes and to keep voltages between devices within 5.5V in terms of reliability in order to share the TG driver circuit. Also, we can reduce the power consumption in the read mode by using a partial activation method to activate just one of four memory blocks. Furthermore, we can reduce the access time by making BL (bit line) switching times faster in the read mode from reduced number of cells connected to each column. We design and compare two 1-kbit EEPROM IPs, two blocks of 32 rows ${\times}$ 16 columns and four blocks of 16 rows ${\times}$ 16 columns, which use Tower's $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The four-block IP is smaller by 11.9% in the layout size and by 51% in the power consumption in the read mode than the two-block counterpart.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.833-838
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• 2011

RFID system in manufacturing industry is used to collect, categorize, and process the data of products. To install RFID system for a large factory, a large amount of wired data communication network is necessary for RS232 communication. If the installed location of RFID system in the factory is changed or extended, a reinstallment is required for the already installed wired data network. A large amount of time/financial reinvestment is necessary for such reinstallation. By using wireless data communication network, however, the initial installation and reinstallation are very simple. In this paper, we implemented a wireless communication system and RFID system. We used the CC1020 chip for wireless communication system and EM4095 chip for RFID system. CC1020 chip enables highly-reliable data communication, and by setting a simple status register, it can switch between transmitting/receiving status and it can choose the desired frequency of either 400 MHz or 900 MHz. Also, Communication range is 50 m, if external antenna is used. EM4095 is a chip for RFID reader system with the carrier frequency of 125 KHz. This chip can implement the reader system by connecting a small number of components. And EM4100 was used for RFID system. EM4100 is read-only type. Atmega128 is used to control a wireless communication system and RFID system. We confirm that the system can communicate without error up to 50 m from sender. In the paper, the circuit diagram and operation program for CC1020 and RFID system are presented. The system used in the experiment is shown in pictures, and the data movement pattern of CC1020 is shown in the diagram, and the performance of each transmission method is presented.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4177-4185
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• 2012

LEDs are becoming the most suitable candidate replacing traditional fluorescent lamps because of its eco-friendly characteristics. LEDs are also actively used to design green building system and to make outdoor billboard as a back-light system due to its high energy efficiency. In this paper, we have developed AC direct driver for $12{\times}12$ FLB(flexible LED board) and LED flat light without SMPS. It has LID-PC-R101B driver IC that can support the high power factor and be composed of LED switching circuit in group. Also, an elaborate system designs can guarantee a high luminous efficiency, a high reliability and a low power consumption. The proposed FLB has the ultra slim shape of $450{\times}450$ mm, width of 4 mm and weight of 280 g. In the end, we have developed a prototype of FLB for billboard and flat light for room lighting with AC direct driver iposrder to verify the performance of the proposed system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.3 no.2 s.7
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

The wire and/or wireless data communication system for anti-disaster system of natural gas governor station was developed. In oder to prevent accidents of governor station, the operator was replaced by RTU(Remote Terminal Unit) which gather and transmit safety situation of governor station. The database and MMI(Man Machine Interface) were also developed to analyze the situation of governor station. The data communication between server and RTU was designed to switch automatically from wire to wireless communication and vice versa when one of them failed communication. We also have developed the patrol car management system which was applied GPS(Global Position System)/GIS(Geometric Information System), and the earthquake detection/transmission system which was adopted three dimension acceleration sensor. When a earthquake may occur, the earthquake detection/transmission system monitors data such as PGA(Peak Ground Acceleration), Sl(Spectrum Intensity) and orders the emergency shutoff valve close immediately.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.83-88
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to study for a failure examples producing in electronic control air conditioner in vehicle. The first example, it looked for the repetitive fuse cutting phenomenon that the diode using for a surge voltage prevention of inner A/C relay damaged because of no absorbing the surge voltage by short of diode when the A/C is off. The second example, it knew the icing phenomenon of evaporator that the A/C ECU didn't control the A/C because of inner cutting of fin thermo sensor. The third example, it verified the operation trouble phenomenon because of the A/C switch and for sensor burned in flames by short phenom enon when the sheath of the cable has peeled off. Therefore, the driver have to manage the optimism system of a car by thoroughgoing inspection and improvement the failure phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2014

Korea's agricultural land is constantly being reduced. The reasons for this are due to the change of agricultural profitability and the policy conditions. The reduction of agricultural land in 2010 showed a decline trend by 14.4 % of paddy fields and 1.2% of uplands compared to areas from 2000. These reductions were mainly due to switch rice paddy fields into upland or greenhouse facility cultivation because of low profitability of rice products compared to farm products. In addition, the permit system of agricultural areas was relaxed in switching paddy fields and this accelerated the reduction of agricultural land. For this reason, more than 1% of agricultural land area has been reduced every year for last five years. Moreover, indiscreet fill and cover materials such as construction wastes were used in agricultural lands and caused land contamination which threatened foundation as sustainable agricultural lands. For these reasons, it is a desperate situation to conserve good agricultural lands. However, the standards of transported soils, filling soils and cutting soils in the Agricultural Land Act are qualitative and have a problem of causing complaints. Therefore, the following criteria (proposals) are proposed in the Agricultural Land Act; (1) Use the proper soils for crops (criterion), (2) Soil components and amounts should be proper as transported soils (range), and (3) Prohibiting usage of improper earth rocks or recycled aggregates in case of filling soils (kinds). The presented criteria (proposals) suggest following; (1) Use physio-chemically proper soils for crops (criterion), (2) In case of transported soils, i, exclude potential acid sulphate soils, ii, gravel content sould be less than 15%, and iii, Heavy metals and other contaminants should be less than the soil contamination warning limit from the Ministry of Environments, (3) In case of filling soils, 13 kinds of recycled wastes specified in the Wastes Control Act should not be used as filling soils, (4) Practice soil conservation technology in case of sloping areas, and (5) Follow proper fertilizer application standards for maturing paddy fields and uplands when cutting soils.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.14
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• pp.151-164
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• 2008

Cross platform game has brought about the expansion of game market, which results in technology innovation overcoming the limit of game consumption. The new model integrates both off and online game services. Gamers can now enjoy game service regardless of age, time, and space. If the technology evolution model of digital contents like cross-platform game engine can provide contents for several platform at the same time, the interactive service can be utilized into maximum level. It is also necessary to allocate, switch data as well as to innovate the transmission technology of data according to each platform. Providing the same contents for several platform as many as possible can be the most suitable strategy to enhance the efficiency and profits. However if the interactive service can be accomplished completely, the development of data switching technology and distribution should be made. To be a leader in the next digital contents market, one should develop the network engine technology which can embody the optimization of consumption in the interactive network service.