• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.11C
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• pp.1164-1170
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• 2002

In the ACE2000 MPLS system, MPLS Interface Module(MIM) is composed of an ATM Interface Module and a HFMA performing a packet forwarding. In the MIM, the HFMA RSAR receive cells from the Physical layer and reassemble the cells. And the IP Lookup controller perform a packet forwarding after packet classification. Forwarded packet is segmented into cells in the HFMA TSAR and transfer to the ALMA for the transmission to an ATM cell switch. When the MIM make use of an ATM Interface Module, it directly connect the ALMA with a PHY layer using the UTOPIA Level2 interface. Then, an ALMA performs Master Mode. Also, the HFMA TSAR performs the Master Mode in the MIM. Therefore, the UTOPIA-L2 Controller of the Slave Mode require for interfacing between an ALMA and a HFHA TSAR. In this paper, we implement the architecture and cell control mechanism for the UTOPIA-L2 Controller supporting Multi-ports.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.9A
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• pp.973-982
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• 2004

High-speed scheduling algorithms are required for high-performance input-queued switches to achieve good performance. Various Round-Robin scheduling algonthms for Virtual-Output-Queue (VOQ) switch architectures have been proposed, hke iSLIP, DRRM (Dual Round-Robin Matching). iSLIP can achieve high performance and have already been implemented in hardware. DRRM has been proved to achieve better performance and simpler than iSLIP But neither iSLIP nor DRRM can efficiently solve the problem of the Round-Robm pointers' desynchronization. In this paper, we have proposed "Well-Regulated Pseudo-request Dual Round-Robin Matching" Algorithm. It is developed from DRRM, and can always keep the pointers' desynchronization. Since our algorithm is based on the Round-Robin scheduling, it is also simple to be implemented. And simulation results also show that our proposed algonthm performs pretty well under various, traffic models.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.12B
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• pp.838-846
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• 2005

In this paper, we consider the following two issues for implementing the synchronous Ethernet systems. First, a synchronous Ethernet system employs a fixed size superframe which is divided into a synchronous period and an asynchronous one. We note that the starting point of a superframe is not deterministic when an ordinary data frame's transmission is overlapped the superframe boundary. This overlap may be a fatal drawback for strict jitter bounded applications. Circumventing the problem, we propose a frame fragmentation scheme to provide a zero jitter, and compare its delay performance with the hold scheme which also provides the zero jitter. We next concern that IEEE 802.3x pause frames cannot be promptly transmitted in a synchronous period, and thus asynchronous traffics may be dramatically get dropped at the input buffer of a switch. To handle the problem, we propose an efficient flow control by allowing the transmission of the pause frame in a synchronous period, and investigate the blocking probability of the asynchronous traffics by the simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.202-206
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• 1993

To secure the 64 kbps clear channel capability in the ISDN, it was decided to convert its North American digital transmission system into the European system especially in DS1 level. But their different companding law became an issue in the process of R&D in the existing time division digital switch such as TDX-1 to incorporate it into the ISDN. TDX-1 has been installed with North American ${\mu}$ companding law and its ISDN capability is under development now. Thus, because of the ${\mu}$ law/A law conversion for the interworking of two different transmission system, it is difficult to maintain the ISDN B channel transparency between TDX-1 and new European system with A companding law. Among some solutions for it, European frame format with ${\mu}$ law companding is recommended. Those problems and solutions are presented in this paper.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2008

Wandering, variation of wheel tracks, has not been considered as an important factor for pavement designs and maintenance due to measuring difficulties. In order to investigate vehicle lateral displacements on roadways, this study measured wheel tracks on two-lane and four-lane National highways with lane widths 3.25m and 3.5m. The results showed that the tracks of left and right wheels were distributed into different forms, and those of left wheels were more concentrated. In the mean of the left distributions, 59.5cm and 80.7cm were obtained on lane widths 3.25m and 3.5m respectively by cars, and 58.4cm and 73.6cm were obtained by trucks. These mean differences seem to be generated from those between the lane widths. It is recommended to apply the distribution of left wheel tracks for pavement designs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2011

Background: We analyzed the results of surgical reduction and fixation of ribs under thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia (TEA) in patients who had no more than 3 consecutive rib fractures with severe displacement to examine the clinical usefulness of this method. Materials and Methods: From May 2008 to March 2010, 35 patients underwent surgical reduction and fixation of ribs under TEA. We reviewed the indications for this technique, number of fixed ribs, combined surgical procedures for thoracic trauma, intraoperative cardiopulmonary events, postoperative complications, reestablishment of enteral nutrition, and ambulation. Results: The indications of TEA were malunion or nonunion of fractured ribs in 29 (82.9%; first operation) and incompletely ribs under previous general anesthesia in 6 (17.1%; second operation). The average number of fixed ribs per patient was 1.7 (range: 1~3). As a combined operation for thoracic trauma, 17 patients (48.6%) underwent removal of intrathoracic hematomas, and we performed repair of lung parenchyma (2), wedge resection of lung (1) for accompanying lung injury and pericardiostomy (1) for delayed hemopericardium. No patient had any intraoperative cardiopulmonary event nor did any need to switch to general anesthesia. We experienced 3 postoperative complications (8.6%): 2 extrapleural hematomas that spontaneously resolved without treatment and 1 wound infection treated with secondary closure of the wound. All patients reestablished oral feeding immediately after awakening and resumed walking ambulation the day after operation. Conclusion: Thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia (TEA) may positively affect cardiopulmonary function in the perioperative period. Moreover, this technique leads to an earlier return of gastrointestinal function and early ambulation without severe postoperative complications, resulting in a shortened hospital stay and lowered costs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2011

A series of Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) experiments helps us to understand the single-particle (hydrogen atom) dynamics of a globular protein and its hydration water and strong coupling between them. We also performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations on a realistic model of the hydrated hen-egg Lysozyme powder having two proteins in the periodic box. We found the existence of a Fragile-to-Strong dynamic Crossover (FSC) phenomenon in hydration water around a protein occurring at TL=$225{\pm}5K$ by analyzing Intermediate Scattering Function (ISF). On lowering of the temperature toward FSC, the structure of hydration water makes a transition from predominantly the High Density Liquid (HDL) form, a more fluid state, to predominantly the Low Density Liquid (LDL) form, a less fluid state, derived from the existence of a liquid?liquid critical point at an elevated pressure. We showed experimentally and confirmed theoretically that this sudden switch in the mobility of the hydration water around a protein triggers the dynamic transition (so-called glass transition) of the protein, at a temperature TD=220 K. Mean Square Displacement (MSD) is the important factor to show that the FSC is the key to the strong coupling between a protein and its hydration water by suggesting TL${\fallingdotseq}$TD. MD simulations with TIP4P force field for water were performed to understand hydration level dependency of the FSC temperature. We added water molecules to increase hydration level of the protein hydration water, from 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 and 1.00 (1.00 is the bulk water). These confirm the existence of the FSC and the hydration level dependence of the FSC temperature: FSC temperature is decreased upon increasing hydration level. We compared the hydration water around Lysozyme, B-DNA and RNA. Similarity among those suggests that the FSC and this coupling be universal for globular proteins, biopolymers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.333-333
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• 2011

We have investigated the breakdown properties in liquids by high voltage pulse system. High voltage pulse power system is consisted of the Marx-generator with two capacitors (0.5 ${\mu}F$, withstanding voltage is 40 kV), to which the charging voltage can be applied to maximum 30 kV DC, spark gap switch and charging resistor of 20 $M{\Omega}$. We have made use of tungsten pin electrodes of anode-cathode (A-K), which are immersed into the liquids. The breakdown voltage and current signals are measured by high voltage probe (Tektronix P6015A) and current monitor (IPC CM-1.S). Especially the high speed breakdown or plasma propagation characteristics in the pulsed A-K gap have been investigated by using the high speed ICCD camera. We have measured the electron temperature through the Boltzmann plot method from the breakdown spectrums. Here the A-K gap has been changed by 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. The used liquids are distilled water and solution of salt (0.9 %). The output voltage and current signals at breakdown in distilled water are shown to be bigger than those in saline solution. The breakdown voltage and current characteristics in liquids will be discussed in accordance with A-K gap distances. It is also found that the electron temperatures and plasma densities in liquids are decreased in conformity with A-K gap.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 2007

Sar1p is a ras-related GTP-binding protein that functions in intracellular protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex. The effector domain of Ras family proteins is highly conserved and this domain is functionally interchangeable in plant, yeast and mammalian Sar1. Using a recombinant Brassica sar1 protein (Bsar1p) harboring point mutations in its effector domain, we here investigated the ability of Sar1p to bind and hydrolyze GTP and to interact with the two sar1-specific regulators, GTPase activating protein (GAP) and guanine exchange factor (GEF). The T51A and T55A mutations impaired Bsar1p intrinsic GTP-binding and GDP-dissociation activity. In contrast, mutations in the switch domain of Bsar1 did not affect its intrinsic GTPase activity. Moreover, the P50A, P54A, and S56A mutations affected the interaction between Bsar1p and GAP. P54A mutant protein did not interact with two regulating proteins, GEF and GAP, even though the mutation didn't affect the intrinsic GTP-binding, nucleotide exchange or GTPase activity of Bsar1p.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.292-303
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• 2011

This research suggested a draft proposal for a smart jacket design, which has applied wearable technologies to provide convenience in daily life. The smart jacket combined with a vest was the casual item for autumn and winter. The heating device was composed of the heating element, battery, controller, electric wire, connector, switch, and charger. A stable electronic conductor fiber of good heating effect with a flexible zigzag form has been selected for the heating element. The lighting device has been made in a way that attaches the LED and its power controller in the same mechanical device. As the result of the wearing test, the heating effect turned out to be effective in the order of: back, both the back and abdomen and only the abdomen. When wearing a smart jacket, the back and abdomen have been selected as favorable body parts for heating. Pockets and hems are selected as the adequate place to attach the LED lighting, and the brightness of LED lighting has turned out to be suitable and useful. Based on the test results, the first draft proposal has attached the heating element only in the back and its controller located in the inside pocket of the vest. In addition, the LED has been attached to the front pocket of the jacket. As to the second draft proposal, heating elements have been placed in the back and the abdomen. Each controller for the heating elements has been placed in the front and inside pocket of vest, and the LED lighting has been attached to the hem of the jacket. The smart jacket combined with a wearable device was assessed by functioning categories. The user showed a high satisfaction in the heating and illuminating function of a smart jacket.