• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2012

Objectives: Animal husbandry workers could be exposed to various work hazards including toxic gases, chemicals such as pesticides or organic dust. Immunological evaluation focusing on respiratory allergic hypersensitivity occurrence was under-taken for swine farm workers as a part of the study on immunologic status of dairy barn, swine confinement, and poultry farm workers. Materials and Methods: Peripheral bloods were collected from 25 workers at the year of 2001 and 12 workers at the year of 2012 from swine farms located at Gyeonggi province, Korea. Seven adults not involved with animal husbandry were recruited at the year of 2001 from the same residential area as the swine farm workers'. Level of plasma IgE and 20 respiratory allergen-specific IgE were evaluated using commercially available ELISA kit. Results: Plasma IgE level was approximately five-fold higher in the swine farm workers regardless of the sampling year than the control subjects. Plant allergens from outdoor environments such as golden rod, pigweed, Russian thistle, or ragweed were the major allergens with positive reaction(allergen specific IgE${\geq}$0.7 IU/mL) for the swine farm workers at 2001 year. Meanwhile, house dust mite(Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) and cockroach, typical indoor allergens in Korea, were the major respiratory allergens for the swine farm workers at 2012 year. Conclusions: Overall, even though our results are primitive, the results suggest that immunological function of swine farm workers could be modulated toward type-2 reactivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1237-1243
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• 2002

We have developed a reliable and noninvasive method for swine genotyping of single locus nuclear gene with aged single hair follicles delivered by general mail. The method is based on booster and nested PCR amplification with step-wise increase of primers and dNTPs concentrations followed by restriction endonuclease digestion. To establish this method, the ryanodine receptor (RYR 1) locus which is an economically important trait in swine industry was employed for genotyping experiment. The 3-step PCR amplication method is much less dependent on the quantity and quality of template DNA and produces enough amplification product for the detection on the ethidium bromide-stained gel such as RFLP analysis. A total of 120 pigs were subjected to the RYR 1 genotyping analysis using three-step PCR method which amplified enough quantity of PCR products from the aged single hair follicles for RFLP analysis and genotyping results were identical to the results of the corresponding ethanol-fixed skeletal muscle tissue. This approach will be a great help for porcine breeders and investigators in genotyping of swine. They can receive genotyping results later by simply plucking single hairs of their pigs at farm and sending them in general mail to the diagnostic laboratory which eliminates the inconveniences to collect ear tissue or blood cells from pigs, or the investigator's need for travel to farms in order to collect fresh hair samples.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.843-850
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• 1994

The study was carried out to determine the residues of sulfonamides in swine edible tissues with high performance thin layer chromatography. For this purpose, the Rf values of sulfonamides in various solvent systems and the recovery rate of sulfameathazine from sampike saples were obtained. Thirty-four samples collected from meat market in Seoul were analyzed. The results obtained from the present study were followings: 1. The average recovery rate of sulfamathazine residues from spiked tissues 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1mg/kg sample weight was 85%. 2. Two of 34 samples of pork for domestic consumption were reported to have been exceeded 0.05 ppm in sulfamethazine residues degree. 3. On the basis of the results, the degree of residues of sulfamethazine in swine meat for domestic consumption is seemed not to be dangerous for public health.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2013

Objectives: Endotoxins in dust generated in occupational settings is known to contribute to the occurrence of respiratory illness among workers. The relationship between the level of endotoxins in total dust or respirable particulates collected from swine farms and immunological markers related with respiratory allergy was evaluated among swine husbandry workers. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from ten workers at ten swine farms at Gyeonggi province, Korea. Peripheral mononuclear cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin for 48 hours. The levels of various cytokines produced at culture supernatants were determined using a commercially available ELISA kit. The concentration of particulate matter($PM_{10}$) in the indoor air of the swine farms was evaluated using a PVC membrane filter and mini volume air sampler, and endotoxin levels in the dust were measured by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Kinetic QCL method. Results: Levels of endotoxins in the total dust were categorized into high(geometric mean: $109.35EU/m^3$) and low concentrations (geometric mean: $0.95EU/m^3$) for five swine farms. Interleukin-4 levels were higher in the high endotoxin group than in the low endotoxin group, while interferon-${\gamma}$ levels were lower in the high endotoxin group than in the low endotoxin group. The ratio (interferon-${\gamma}$ to interleukin-4), indicating immunologic skewedness against allergic reactivities, was lower in the high endotoxin group($1.15{\pm}0.60$) than the low endotoxin group($3.09{\pm}2.38$). In addition, the level of interleukin-13, another cytokine contributing to the occurrence of allergic responses, was significantly higher in the at the high endotoxin group($1.12{\pm}0.37ng/m{\ell}$) than in the low endotoxin group($0.37{\pm}0.04ng/m{\ell}$). Hematologic assessment showed significantly lower cellularity in the number of total leukocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the high endotoxin group than in the low endotoxin group. Conclusions: Even though a sufficient number of swine workers and farms were not investigated, this study generlly suggests that the immunological function of swine farm workers exposed to high levels of endotoxin could be modulated toward allergic reactivities.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.131-135
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• 1995

This study was performed to develop immnoassay method of detecting the residual tylosin and to investigate the residues using HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography) in animal products. Obtained results are the followings: 1. To develop immunoassay method, the conjugation of activated tylosin tartarate ester derivatives and BSA (bovine serum albumin) was certified at the 290nm of maximal absorbance which tylosin tartrate have. 2. The titration of anti-serum produced from rabbit immunized with the conjugator as an immunogen was too low to analyze the tylosin. 3. The residual tylosin can be detected by 0.2 ppm using HPLC. 4. Recovery of tylosin from spiked pork samples measured using HPLC was $87.4{\pm}4.0%$. 5. When the levels of tylosin residues in swine liver and kindney were measured on HPLC. The level was over the maximum tolerance level in one out of ten samples of each organ.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1975

돈분뇨(豚糞尿)의 공해(公害)를 조사(調査)하기 위(爲)하여 유성종축장(儒城種畜場) 홍도동양돈장(弘道洞養豚場)에서 사육(飼育)되고 있는 모돈(牡豚) 27두(頭)를 가지고 분뇨량(糞尿量), 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸) 가리(加理) 함량(含量) 기생(寄生) 충란(蟲卵), 검사등(檢事等)을 실시(實施)하였으며 돈사오수(豚舍汚水)의 정화(淨化)를 목적(目的)으로 돈분(豚糞)에 발효제(醱酵齊) 오니등(汚泥等)을 첨가(添加)하고 정유물(淨游物), 증발잔유물(蒸發殘留物), 열감작량, B.O.D 등(等)을 검정(檢定)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 분뇨량(糞尿量)은 1일평균(日平均) 유성종축장(儒城種畜場)이 최고(最高) 2700g, 최저(最低) 500g 이었고 홍도동양돈장(弘道洞養豚場)이 최고(最高) 4500g, 최저(最低) 450g으로서 분뇨비(糞尿比)는 1 : 1이었다. 2) 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸) 가리(加理)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 질소(窒素)는 분(糞)이 0.514 ppm, 뇨(尿)가 0.802 ppm, 인산(燐酸)은 분(糞)이 0.0739%, 뇨(尿)가 2.261%, 가리(加里)는 분(糞)이 0.0967%, 뇨(尿)가 1.094%이였다. 3) 분(糞)의 기생충란(寄生蟲卵)을 조사(檢査)한 결과(結果) 돈폐충(豚肺蟲) 및 장결절충란(腸結節蟲卵)이 가장 많고 회충(蛔蟲)이 다음이며 편충(鞭蟲)과 간충란(桿蟲卵)이 가장 적었다. 4) 발효제(醱酵齊)의 첨가효과(添加效果)는 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)하여 건조잔유물(乾燥殘留物), 부유물(浮留物), 열감작량, B.O.D 등(等)의 감량(減量)이 나타났으나 현저하지 못하였고 오니(汚泥)를 첨가(添加)할때의 분해효과(分解效果)는 발효제(醱酵齊)에 비(比)하여 상승(上昇) 되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2005

Xenotransplantation may help to overcome the critical shortage of human tissues and organs for human transplantation, Swine represents an ideal source of such organs owing to their anatomical and physiological similarities to human besides their plentiful supply, However, the use of organs across the species barrier may be associated with the risk of transmission of pathogens, specially porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs).• Although most of these potential pathogens could be eliminated by pathogen-free breeding, PERVs are not eliminated by this treatment. PERVs are integrated into the genome of all pigs and produced by normal pig cells and infect human cells. They belong to gamma retroviruses and are of three classes viruses: A, B and C. In the present study, PCR based cloning was performed with chromosomal DNA extracted from pigs from domestic pigs in Korea. Amplified PCR fragments of about 1.5 Kb, covering the partial env gene, were cloned into pCR2.l-TOPO vectors and sequenced. A total of 91 env clones were obtained from domestic pigs, Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed the presence of only PERV class A and B in the proportion of 58 % and 42 %, respectively. Among these, 28 clones had the correct open reading frame: 18 clones in class A and 10 clones in class B. Since both these PERV classes are polytropic and have the capacity to infect human cells, our data suggest that proviral PERVs have the potential to generate infectious viruses during or after xenotransplantation in human.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2006

본 연구는 가축분뇨의 종류와 시용수준에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 생산성과 N과 P의 용탈량을 조사하여 친환경 조사료 생산을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 시험은 건국대학교 초지 시험포장 내의 사양토로 충전된 Lysimeter(직경 30cm, 깊이 1m)를 이용하여 화학비료, 우분액비 및 톱밥발효돈분에 대하여, N 시용수준을 100kg/ha, 200kg/ha, 400kg/ha씩으로 시험구를 배치 수행하였다. 옥수수 건물 및 질소 생산성은 화학비료>우분액비>톱밥발효돈분 순이었고(p<0.05), 시용수준이 증가함에 따라 그 생산성도 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 옥수수의 조단백질 함량은 화학비료>톱밥발효돈분>우분액비 순이었으나 시용수준이 증가함에 따라 조단백질 함량은 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 분뇨시용 형태별 용탈수 중의 $NO_{3^-}N$ 함량은 톱밥발효돈분>화학비료>우분액비 순이었으며(p<0.05), $NH_{4^-}N$ 함량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고, 질소시용수준이 증가함에 따라 비례하여 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 그러나 결코 1 mg/L을 상회하지는 않았다. 가축분뇨의 시용형태별 평균 $PO_{4^-}P$ 농도는 톱밥발효돈분>화학비료>우분액비 순이었고 시용수준이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였지만(p<0.05), 용탈량은 매우 적었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 돈분뇨의 처리형태가 초지의 생산성, 토양의 지력증진 효과 및 양분의 용탈량을 조사하여 친환경적 조사료를 생산하기 위하여 전라북도 축산 진흥연구소내의 초지시험포의 영년초지에서 2002년 10월부터 2005년 10월까지 3개년에 걸쳐 수행하였다. 시험구는 돈분뇨의 처리형태별로 화학비료 표준구, 돈분액비 100%+N 50%구 및 돈분퇴비 100%+N 50%구로 배치하여 수행하였다. 돈분액비 및 돈분퇴비의 시용에 따른 건물수량은 화학비료 시용구와 차이가 거의 없었다. 조단백질, NDF, ADF 및 TDN 함량은 돈분액비 및 돈분퇴비, 화학비료구간에 거의 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 처리별 토양성분 변화는 돈분퇴비 및 돈분액비구에서 화학비료구보다 유기물, 유효인산 함량, Ca 함량 등은 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 영년초지에서 화학비료, 돈분액비 및 돈분퇴비의 시용에 의한 용탈수중 $NO_3$-N 및 $NH_4$-N의 농도는 돈분뇨와 화학비료 시용에 의한 영향은 거의 없었으며 $NO_3$-N 및 $NH_4$-N 용탈량은 5 ppm 미만으로 변이가 크지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.902-906
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to characterize the behaviors and the body weight of suckling piglets in different social environments. Methods: Two groups of sows and suckling piglets housed either in individual farrowing crates in separate pens ($1.8{\times}2.4m$, the control group) or in groups of three sows with their piglets in farrowing crates in a large common enclosure ($5.4{\times}2.2m$, the treatment group) were observed with the aid of video technology for 9 consecutive hours on days 1, 2, and 3, after mixing. Results: Suckling, agonistic, and elimination behaviors of suckling piglets were significantly higher in the control group than in the treatment group. Inactive behavior was higher in the treatment group than in the control group. Most of the effects of the social environment on the suckling piglets seem to be the result of large reductions in behaviors and body weight for piglets switching from high activity to low activity. Moreover, suckling behavior and birth body weight were highly correlated with body weight at the end of the test. Conclusion: The social environment that resulted from mixing, thus, had significant effects on the behavior and body weight of suckling piglets, and behavioral characteristics, therefore, should be considered when making improvements to the husbandry and care methods used in swine production.