• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.5 s.83
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• pp.659-666
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• 2004

In this study, for the establishment of the performance evaluation methods and the quality control standard of durability recovery method, the quantitative exposure data by long term exposure test under the coast and air environment is accumulated and analyzed. Investigating and evaluating the result of exposure test during 18 months of exposure age under the coastal and normal atmosphere environment, micro crack, swelling and spatting of surface coating material crack of repair standards of repair material and method through continuous exposure test in the future.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.43-51
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• 2014

Organic matter in dredged soil has a lot of engineering problem in ground including a large settlement, crack propagation, low bearing capacity and low friction angle. From an agricultural point of view, however, organic matter contributes greatly soil quality and plant health. This paper investigated the relationship between engineering and germination characteristics of stabilized mixture consisting of different ratios of organic content (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %) for recycling dredged soil including organic matter. Several series of laboratory tests such as flow test, unconfined compressive test and consolidation test were performed to find out engineering characteristics. pH, percent of germination and growth of plants were also measured to investigate the germination characteristics. The experimental results indicated that, as organic content increased, unconfined compressive stress decreased and compression and swelling indices increased. However, percent of germination and plant growth increases as organic content increases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.137-147
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of the study was to compare the therapeutic effect of the superficial and in-depth insertion of acupuncture needles in the treatment of patients with ankle sprain. Design : A prospective randomized single-blind study of superficial and deep acupuncture was conducted. Setting : The study was conducted in the Kang-nam Oriental Hosp. of Dong-Guk University. Patients: The study comprised 14 patients with ankle sprain who were divided into two groups (A and B). Intervention : In group A, the needle was introduced in the skin at a depth of 2 mm, whereas in group B the needle was placed deeply into muscular tissue or the articular capsule at a depth more than 1.5 Cm The treatment was planned for a duration of 1 week, 3 times. Outcome Measures : The intensity of pain was evaluated with the Ankle grade pain chart(AGPC) before and after treatment and at the 1-week follow-up examination. The AGPC includes Swelling, Tenderness, Exudation, Bruise, Medial/Lateral. stability test, Anterior drawer test, Squeeze test, Bearing weight, Pressure Algometer, Walking state and VAS. Results : Although at the end of the treatment there was no evidence of significant statistical differences between the two different groups, Pain reduction(VAS) was greater in the group treated with deep acupuncture. A statistical difference existed between the two groups at the 1 week follow up, with a better result in the deeply stimulated group in VAS. Conclusion : Clinical results show that deep stimulation has a better analgesic effect when compared with superficial stimulation in pain reduction(VAS, Visual analogic scale).

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a 4-week aromatherapy on pain and inflammation in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest non-synchronized design was used. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and Fisher's exact test were used. Results: After a 4-week aromatherapy, tender joint count (M=5.67 to 4.17), swollen joint count (M=4.13 to 2.54), and patient's assessment of pain (M=43.33 to 31.08) decreased significantly for the aromatherapy participants compared to the control group. But there was no significant difference between the groups in erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conclusion: These findings suggest that aromatherapy could decrease joint pain, tenderness, and swelling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but some modifications in aromatherapy intervention and research method will be required to examine the effects of aromatherapy on inflammatory level in this population.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-49
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• 1977

These studies were carried out to detect the presence of mycotoxin fungi and detoxification of toxins in various kinds of grain and foodstuffs in Korea. The experiments were divided into three parts: mycologic, toxicologic and electron microscopic study. The resuIts were summarized as follows: 1. From the 210 various, samples(local grains, 150 samples; rice-cakes, 50 samples; meju, 10 samples), 1,205 colonies or fungi were isolated. In 1,127 of 1,205 colonies, it was possible to identify 21 genera. Among the identified strains, the predominant genera were Aspergillus sp.(28.5%), Penicillium sp.(27.1%) and Mucor sp.(7.8%). 2. In cytotoxicity test on HeLa cells, 25 strains showed severe toxic effects among the 240 strains of experiments. 3. In histopathologic test on mice, 21 strains showed severe toxic effect to mouse liver cells among the 240 tested strains. 4. In electron microscopic studies of HeLa cells and mouse liver cells from animal which had been treated with crude toxin, the liver cells showed the cytoplasmic change: dillatation or vacuolization of endoplasmic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria and disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, increased number of lipid and glycogen particles. Nucleus and nucelar envelope alterations, were also noted. 5. In the detoxification study with ultraviolet irradiation, 90% of the toxic substances were denatured by the ultraviolet light irradiation for 24 hours. 6. As a mass screening, the cytotoxicity test of HeLa cells and histopathologic study of mice liver cells treated with culture filtrates, employed and feasible to detect mycotoxin producing fungi.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1991

There had been no reports of Trichophyton tonsurans infection in Korea yet. We have much chances to import the organism through international travels and exchanges. But we, Korean, have no experiences to observe T. tonsurans. Author tried mycological studies with T. tonsurans isolated in New Orleans, USA. The results are as follows : Gross findings of T. tonsurans showed that fine granular surface with light yellow hue or white color and groving in the central area on the front side and mahogany brown color on the reverse side. On the urease test, various reddish discoloration was noted. Microscopic findings showed that septated hyphae, macroconidia, chlamydoconidia and microcondia. Macroconidia were 3-5 septated, smooth-surfaced, and were found more frequently in the whitish colony. Microconidia were characteristic in their arrangement and shape ; round or oval shaped microconidia laterally to hyphae, some were match-head like terminal swelling. Hair perforation test showed positive results in 16 strains among 19 tested strains. All these findings are similar to T. rubrum and T. menatgrophytes, the most frequent isolates of dermatophytes in Korea. And we have to pay an attention to diffentiate carefully.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.273-278
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• 2006

Effects of dietary fat and tomato on immune functions were investigated using BALB/c mice. Sixty male BALB/c mice weighing 16-17g were divided into two dietary groups. Control group was fed experimental chow (AIN-76 purified diet) supplemented with saturated fat (beef tallow) and unsaturated fat (safflower oil) at 5% level (weight basis), while treatment group was fed chow added with 0.5% (dry matter basis) of tomato (moisture content 95%) for 10 weeks. Organ weights, delayed-type hypersensitivity test, plaque-forming cell test, agglutination test, differential white cell count, and histological examination were performed at 4th, 7th, and 10th week after dietary treatment. Weight of spleen and spleen index of tomato group increased with increasing experimental period. Thymus index of tomato group was significantly higher than that of control group at 7 and 10 weeks (p<0.05). In delayed hypersensitivity test at 4th, 7th, and 10th week after dietary treatment, tomato group showed more significant increase in footpad swelling reaction 24 hr after challenge than control group (p<0.05). In plaque-forming cell test, tomato group fed 7 weeks increased more significantly than control group, while no significant difference was found between two groups at 10 weeks. Agglutination test decreased with increasing experimental period; tomato group at 10 weeks was higher than control group in antibody response to SRBC. In tomato group, Iympocyte percentage was slightly higher than that of control group, and spleen tissue showed active immune reaction caused by severe proliferation of white pulp.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.278-289
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• 2015

Indigenous strains of Trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of Tea gardens of Assam, north eastern state of India were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely Pestalotia theae and Fusarium solani. A potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as SDRLIN1, was selected and identified as Trichoderma viride. The strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. Culture filtrate collected from stationary growth phase of the antagonist demonstrated a significantly higher degree of inhibitory activity against all the test fungi, demonstrating the presence of an optimal blend of extracellular antifungal metabolites. Moreover, quantitative enzyme assay of exponential and stationary culture filtrates revealed that the activity of cellulase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, pectinase, and amylase was highest in the exponential phase, whereas the activity of proteases and chitinase was noted highest in the stationary phase. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and distortion were also observed in the fungal pathogen grown on potato dextrose agar containing stationary phase culture filtrate. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the filtrate was significantly reduced but not entirely after heat or proteinase K treatment, demonstrating substantial role of certain unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s) in the inhibitory activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.399-405
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• 2004

A reticulated PU-g-PAAc foam was modified through the surface treatment of PU foam by one atmospheric pressure plasma. The synthesized PU-g-PAAc foam was prepared for the purpose of immobilizing microbial organisms. We also attempted different plasma treatment methods including simple plasma treatment, plasma induced grafting and plasma induced grafting followed by plasma re-treatment. The effect of grafting on equilibrium water content (EWC) of PU forms was examined by swelling measurements. Adhesion test was performed to investigate the effect of different plasma treatment methods on the improvement of microbial immobilization. Two foams modified by plasma induced grafting and plasma re-treatment after grafting showed 2.7 and 3.0 fold higher microbial immobilization than unmodified one, respectively. Meanwhile, simple plasma treatment showed a little enhancement. FT-IR analysis of each sample verified the contribution of surface functional groups on the enhancement of microbial immobilization. SEM observation confirmed microbial adherence.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.811-816
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• 2000

An antagonistic bacterium PM-1 which strongly inhyibits the growth of Pyricularia oryzae was isolated and identified as paenibacillus macerans. The antifungal substances of the strain PM-1 showed the broad antifungal spectra against P.oryzae races. Relating to the localization test, it was found that the antifungal substances existed not only in the cytoplasm but also in the culture supernatant, and importantly the antifungal activity of the latter was stronger than that of the former. The extracellular antifungal substances were extremely heat-stable up to $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The substances were optimally produced at $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 10.0 in a potato dextrose broth. The culture filtrate of the strain PM-1 caused a partial swelling of the mycelia of P.oryzae, and it prevents the normal growth of the fungus as well. This result suggested that the antifungal substances secreted by the strain PM-1 potentially inhibited the germination of P.oryzae.