• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.310-316
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• 2006

Fitness of clothes becomes a major concern in apparel industry. But male sports athletes had difficulties to buy ready-made clothes of good fit. Because ready-made clothes manufactured in companies are produced accordingly to the general person's body types. To solve this problem, it is necessary to classify athletes' upper body into several kinds of somatotypes. The purpose of this study was to classify upper body types of male sports athletes based on the analysis of their upper body types and to provide fundamental data on the development of ready-to-wear clothing appropriate for the upper body types. The subjects for anthropometric measurement were 189 male sports athletes of 20 to 29 year-old. The result of factor analysis indicated that 6 factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements through analysis and those factors comprise 73.807% of total variance. 3 clusters were categorized using 6 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was taller than other types, had average size in circumference, width and thickness and was bending somatotype. Type 2 exhibits a large circumference in the upper body and straight somatotype. Type 3 was characterized by short, exhibits a large circumference in waist, abdomen and hip and swayback somatotype.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

The somatotype classification of this study was to manufacture well-fitted clothes for middle-aged women. The somatotype classification of the upper body of lateral view was based on previous studies, and 4 postures, straight posture, leaning back posture, bent forward posture, and swayback posture were selected for this study. The front of leaning back posture was longer and wider than that of straight posture, and its front neck depth was deeper. Its front interscye breadth was wider and back interscye breadth was narrower. S.N.P. B.P. front waistline length, waist front length, front diagonal length, chest shedder length, front waistline shoulder line length were longer, and S.N.P. scapular back waistline length, back length, back shoulder length, back diagonal length, shoulder line back waistline length were shorter. On the contrary, the front of bent forward posture was shorter and narrower than that of straight posture, and its back neck depth was deeper. The properties of swayback posture were similar to those of bent forward posture. Its front was shorter and narrower, but the results of front neck depth and back neck depth were like those of straight posture.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.89-97
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• 2003

Fitness of clothes becomes a major concern in apparel industry. But high-school boys had difficulties to buy ready-made clothes of good fit. To solve this problem, it is necessary to classify boys' upper body into several kinds of somatotypes. The purpose of this study was to classify upper body types of high school boys based on the analysis of their upper body types. The subjects for anthropometric measurement were 99 high school boys of 16 to 18 year-old. The result of factor analysis indicated that 5 factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements through analysis and those factors comprise 68.44% of total variance. 3 clusters were categorized using 5 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was taller than other types and was bending somatotype. Type 2 was straight somatotype and had average size. Type 3 was characterized by short and small figure and had bending somatotype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.34
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• pp.19-36
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• 1997

through Sid View Silhouette The purpose of this study was to pro-vide basic information for elderly women's clothing construction and to develop dress forms that can reflect the charac-teristics of their bodies. The subjects were 251 elderly women aged from 60 to 81. Data were collected from 34 photographic measurements of each subject and analyzed by factor analysis cluster analysis analysis of variance. The results were as follows: 1. A decrease in height the bustline drops as age increase. From a lateral view point most of the subjects have straight posture with protruding ab-domens but the somatotype gradually bends bends forward with age. 2) Five factors were extracted from photometric measurement which explain 81.0% of variance. 3 Through cluster analysis using 5 fac-tor scores four types were categorized. Type I was turning over somatotype Type II was swayback somatotype Type III was straight somatotype Type IV was bending somatotype according to its po-sition to the relative plumb liner and their side view contour.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.183-199
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to provide fundamental data on somatotype for elderly women by classifying the somatotype and analysing the 3 characteristics of their somatotype. The subject were 368 women of 60~84 years old, they were analyzed indirect photography. To find out differences among the age groups, the 368 subjects were grouped into two age groups (Group 1 ; age 60 to 69, Group 2 ; aged 70 to 84). Data were analyzed using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, duncan test and Analysis of variance. Through the factor analysis, 27 items from photometric measurements respectively. Cluster analysis was applied for classification of somatotype. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The characteristics of Elderly women's somatotype were bending of the upper-torso, fatness of the waist and abdomen, drooping of the bust and shoulder and hip. In addition, height, girth, depth and width items were decreased in their sizes respectively. 2. The characteristics of clusters were as follows. Type 1 was straight somatotype in which the plumb line through tragion, the bust depth and under bust depth region laterally. Type 2 was swayback somatotype in which the upper portion of protruding point on the back was bent forward but the lower portion of protruding point had a characteristics of turning over somatotype. Type 3 was bending somatotype. Namely, this type was shorter than average and below the average fatness. Generally, the lateral view silhouette of elderly women was the straight type and changed into bending type as the age increases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1027-1039
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• 1995

Clothing fitness is strongly required in the apparel industry, and draping is an effective tool to increase fitness to the wearers. A more sophisticated and systematic information of the somatotype, accordingly, is necessary for better cress form design. This study was performed to provide fundamental data on middle aged women's upper torso for dress form designers and pattern makers by classifying the somatotype based on each individual's lateral view, and analyzing the characteristics of their somatotype. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance. Factor analysis was used to 23 items from photometric measurment and cluster analysis was applied for classification of upper torso forms. Through cluster analysis using 5 factor scores, 3 somatotypes were categorized from th lateral view 1) Type I was straight somatotype in which the plumb line passes throught the lobe of the ear, the shoulder joing and the mid abdominal region laterally. This type of woman was slender and shorter than average. 2) Type II was bending somatotype in which the upper portion of upper torso is bent forward. This type of woman was taller and fatter than average. 3) Type III was swayback somatotype in which the upper portion of protruding point on the back is bent forward but the lower portion of protruding point had characteristic of turning over somatotype. This type of woman had storter length on the front and longer lenght on the back, slender type and flat chest.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to classify the somatotype of elderly women and to extract discriminant factors of the classification. The subjects were 218 elderly women aged 60-85 years old. Data were collected from 46 anthropometric and photographic measurements of each subject and analyzed by frequencies, crosstabs, analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. The somatotype was classified into 5 types according to the lateral view. The normal type was defined as the type which the plumb line passes through the cervicale and the lateral malleolus. The lean-back type positioned the plumb line more posteriorly than normal type. The swayback type positioned the plumb line at about the same line as the lean-back type, but curvature of lateral view was prominent. The lean-forward type I and II positioned the plumb line more anteriorly than normal, but the spinal curvature of the type II disappeared. As the result of discriminant analysis, significant discriminant factors of anthropometric measurement were cervicale height, anterior waist height, neck point to posterior waist length, anterior waist length. Photographic measurement were C valve, D value, ∠${\alpha}$ and ∠${\beta}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.373-389
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to classify the somatotype based on the side view and to analyze the characteristics of each somatotype. The subjects were 201 middle-aged women aged from 35 to 54. Data were collected through anthropometry and photometry and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis. As the result of factor analysis for the classification of somatotypes, 6 factors which explain 80.8% of variance were extracted from 35 photometric measurement. Using factor scores cluster analysis was carried out and the subjects were classified into 4 cluster Each cluster was classified as straight type, turning over type, bending type and swayback according to its position to the relative plumb line and their side view contour. And 4 somatotypes were analyzed by theirs direct anthropometric and indirect Photometric measurment to represent physical characteristics of each group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1227-1235
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to classify the somatotype based on the side view and to analyze the characteristics of each somatotype. In order to reduce the burden of stocks and increase clothing fitness, systematic information on typical body sizes and somatotypes is essential. The subjects were 206 unmarried women aged from 19-29. Data were collected through anthropometry and photometry and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance. As the result of factor analysis for the classification of somatotypes, 8 factors which explain 74.7% of variance were extracted from 35 photometric and 17 anthrometric data. Using factor scores cluster analysis was carried out and the subjects were classified into 4 cluster.Each cluster was classified as bending type, swayback, turning over type and straight type accordding to its position to the relativeplumb line and their side view contour.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2002

This research was to study somatotype characteristics of elderly women and to classify them based on the results. It also analyzed the age distribution of the classified types, and the frequency among the age groups. The subjects of the study were 331 women of the age of 55 fears or older. They were measured on the performing anthropometric and photographic measurements. The samples were classified into 4 different types, and the photographic measure of each front and side view also clustered 4 different types. The results of the research are as follows : The somatotype of elderly women in Korea is most likely to be H-shaped, which shows a slight refraction when viewed from a front. When viewed from a side, an appearance off straight somatotype is common among the age of 70 or younger. However, the age of 70 or older appears to have swayback somatotype. This means that women are likely to reserve their straight body figure from their middle-age until the age of 70. The major somatotype characteristic of old age, a stooped body shape, is more frequently seen as they get older.