• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-17
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• 2016

Purpose - During the past twenty years, China has developed rapidly in economy. Meanwhile China's economic development has brought great many problems. Sustainable development is to achieve coordination in the ecological, economic and social aspects. Among them, the environment and resource issues are the most critical issues which affecting sustainable development in China. With China's rapid economic development, China's ecological environment is facing the most serious threat in water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution and the destruction of forests and biodiversity, resulting in a significant loss of the national economy. This research aims to examine whether the tragedy of the commons has hindered the sustainable development of China's economy or not. On the other hand, we try to analyze a solution to improve this situation. Research design, data, and methodology - Theoretical background study, finding optimization models, and data analysis. Results - In the case of a clear definition of property rights, the air will have a market price. The market price will coordinate pollutant emissions. Conclusions - The tragedy of commons has hindered the sustainable development. The model of China's Economic development should be changed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.20-36
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is estimating environmental carving capacity of Seoul Metropolitan Area for a sustainable city management using system dynamics model. A sustainable development requires a society to define sustainability constraints or environmental limits, environmental carving capacity. Environmental carving capacity can be defined as the level of human activity which a region can sustain at an acceptable quality of life level. This concept of environmental carving capacity has several important application to sustainable city planning and management. If the limitation of a human activity can be supported by a scientific data on carving capacity, the resulting decision and actions could more easily win public support for a sustainable development. However, one of the key issues is how to operationalize the carving capacity. In this paper, the environmental carving capacity was operationalized as a maximum number of industry structure, population, and housing that can sustain certain level of environmental quality of Seoul Metropolitan Area. The model developed in this paper consisted off sectors: population, housing, industry, land, and environmental sector. The model limits its main focus on the NO$_2$level of ambient air of Seoul. Carving capacity Seoul Metropolitan Area was estimated by figuring out the maximum number of population, industry structure, housing at an equilibrium point that sustain a desirable NO$_2$level. Based on the model estimation, several policy implications for a sustainable city management was discussed.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate an environmental education model school and to devise proper plans for school management through the school eco-audit. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, environmental education model school is analysed from view point of planning and executing. So that, environmental education model school put emphasis on executing rather than planning. It requires to emphasis planning, for example, establishing environment management system, ecological measures, environment reporting. Secondly, environmental education model school is in the incipient stage as the environment prevention. The preparation for planning is inefficient compared to the ecological pretest of school eco-audit. In the aspect of ecological measures and education, the participant of all the school staff is unsatisfactory. In conclusion, the school eco-audit could be presented as a key role for establishing basic organizational conditions, ecological measures and education for sustainable development, It is necessary to drive environmental education model school to achieve extended effect for sustainable society.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 1999

This study aims to develop a set of criteria for evaluating the sustainability of forest landuse, which could facilitate the environmentally friendly development of forest lands in Korea. The concept of sustainable development in forest landuse was reviewed from literature and by interviews with experts in forest-related fields. Delphi technique was employed for gathering experts' opinions. According to the results of Delphi test, the concept of sustainable development in forest landuse was confirmed as "Use of forest lands in a lasting manner within the carrying capacity of the ecosystem involved". There are 16 factors which should be considered with care when the development of forest lands is planned. They include the ratio of forest cover left undeveloped, ecological stability, and landscape naturalness. Among them are the ecological factors rated most important. The experts emphasized the importance of local characteristics in setting up the criteria for sustainable forestland development. The study did not attempted to apply the criteria to real settings. Therefore, before applications in real situations, further case studies should be made for the criteria to be safely used in landuse planning.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.1 s.29
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

This study was aimed to explore the level of awareness of Korean teachers and college students towards sustainable development(SD) and education for sustainable development(ESD). A survey was conducted to understand the present status of awareness of SD and ESD among 317 college students and 625 teachers in Korea from April to May of 2005. The questionnaire included items asking whether they heard about terms such as sustainability or sustainable development, the source of information on SD, the level of understanding or the urgent task for SD in Korea. It also included questions about experiences in participating in or conducting ESD, the need for ESD, important areas in and the modality for ESD and the willingness to participate in ESD. The results showed that the level of awareness on SD among teachers was low compared to college students, who have a relatively high level of access on SD issues through textbooks and classes in high school. Interestingly, most of college students replied that they never received any ESD, even though they learned SD in class. Both the teacher and student group thought that tile priority of sustainable development should be an 'environment-related' area in the social, economical and environmental perspectives. Most of the students and teachers considered the concept of SD as 'pursuing the balance between environmental protection and economic development.' Some of the teachers recognized the concept of sustainable development in the paradigm of continuous economic development. Both groups responded that the urgent task related to sustainable development is 'environmental protection' and the 'reduction of poverty.' On the other hand, they had experiences in teaching related to natural resources, gender equity, health, human rights, climate changes and other SD issues in class, but not under the name of ESD. They also emphasized 'critical thinking and problem solving & decision-making' in education. Most of the students and teachers responded that it was needed to carry out ESD, and that the way of life for SD would be the priority. It is suggested that various pedagogy and modalities according to various target groups should be considered in providing ESD. It is necessary to use more effective strategies for ESD rather than just introducing the concept of SD. Also, it is needed to review the ESD practices of teachers and improve the quality of education within the scope of ESD.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 1996

On the basis of sustainable long-term water resources planning, the development of ground water resources should be interlocked with the surface water development In considering the intertemporal equity, overpumping of groundwater may diminish or eliminate the groundwater resources stock of post-generations. Regulatory landuse zoning for groundwater resources recharge area is indispensable measures to prevent groundwater pollution. Adequate treatment of polluted water from various sources such as municipal sewage, industrial wastewater, landfill site leachate, and abandoned boring wells, is also necessary for groundwater protection. To preserve groundwater resources as common property goods, groundwater use tax should be imposed upon the large scale groundwater use. Finally, the establishment of groundwater development license system is recommended to achieve the social optimal production and to avoid external diseconomy.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.1 s.26
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• pp.1-30
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• 2005

Environmental education as worldwide sustainable education is effective when it is carried out as early as possible. But we do not have any aims and textbooks for environmental education in the elementary school. The purpose of this study is systematizing environmental syllabus as sustainable education. To achieve this purpose, firstly, the meaning of environmental education as sustainable education was conceptualized, secondly, the aims of environmental education was set up, thirdly, domains of environmental education was revised, and lastly, the syllabus for environmental instruction were created for each grade. Literature review was practiced over 143 textbooks and teacher's guidebooks from the 4th to 7th curriculum period. The result of this study follows. First, environmental education as sustainable education in the elementary school was conceptualized as an integrative education to keep the lifelong education and welfare. Second, the synthetic aim of environmental education as sustainable education in the elementary school was set up as 'cultivating desirable environmental people that behave for the sustainable future with environment-friendly value and attitude. Third, our environmental domains were divided into 11-12 independent areas, and ESSD (Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development) was located on the subcategory of environmental domain. These domains were revised into three environmental domains and five sub-domains. Fourth, according to the aims of environmental education as sustainable education and five environmental domains, 253 objectives were established. Fifth, objectives of environmental education of 10 subject matters and integrative objectives were presented. Sixth, based on the objectives of domains and subject matters, 255 contents for environmental education in the elementary school were abstracted and distributed to each grade in the consideration of balance among domains and appropriateness of grades. Seventh, analytic results of textbooks of 7th curriculum shows heavy stress on the 'knowledge perception' section and deficiency on the altitudes and behavior section. The environment-related level and contents overlapped and fragmented deeply. Furthermore, 33 parts of textbooks could bring to mis-concept on environment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate existing world economic science theories and concepts of sustainable development as well as create original system of criteria and indicators to assess potential and conditions for sustainable development from a regional perspective and based on the above justify proposals for public authorities to improve methods of economic regulation for regional development. To achieve the goal evolution process of existing theories and concepts of sustainable development and "green growth" have been studied in terms of its adaptation to the spatial development of Kazakhstan, comparative dynamics of natural resources consumption in the Asia-Pacific region and Kazakhstan were investigated as well. Methodology. World best theory and practice methods for assessment of the level of sustainable development of the country and some of its territories were also studied. We selected the best system of criteria and indicators for assessment of economic, social and environmental sustainability of regional systems. Methods offered in this article are based on traditional and new factors of economic development and conditions for operation of regional systems. Indicators are chosen with a glance to basic goals for future development of regions in Kazakhstan. It is recommended to use two levels of methodology offered by author, namely national and regional, and at the local level later (districts, municipalities, cities). The results. Method offered by the author has been tested based on materials and statistics of regions in Kazakhstan. Suitability and usability of the proposed system of criteria and indicators for measuring of economic, social and environmental sustainability of regional systems was proved. Based on this analysis it was found out that there are regions in Kazakhstan that differ from each other by most of key indicators of sustainable regional development and this tendency is increasing. Conclusions and recommendations. As a result of this analysis, the authors have substantiated a number of proposals on methods of analysis to be used, improvement of methods of regional development, implementation of institutional reforms, as well as improvement of regional statistics. This article provides recommendations that can be successfully used in the management practices by public authorities to implement a new regional strategy focused on sustainable development in future.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.554-558
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• 2015

With the increasing movement towards sustainable construct on, environmental rating systems (ERSs) came into use in the Middle Eastern (ME) region as similar to many other regions. ERSs were first developed to assess buildings and many ERSs have tended related ERSs. Despite the vast infrastructure development in the ME region and in the United Arab Emirates in particular, there is no understand the regional-specific requirements to attain sustainable construction and infrastructure. Tis research addresses these pags and study the theoretical underpinnings of sustainable infrastructure in the region, to propose a regional-specific, infrastructure-related ERS. This paper examines the underpinning factors of sustainable infrastructure in the UAE through a literature review in order to provide insights to determine criteria and subcriteria for the ERS.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1313-1320
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• 2011

World Business Council for Sustainable Development(WBCSD) is effort to achieve sustainable development in economic growth, environmental preservation and social development. Being this way, it is essential for developing evaluation tool which quantify to fulfill sustainable development. Eco-efficiency is one of the quantitative tools to evaluate environmental impact and economic aspect. Eco-efficiency, in general term, means creating more value of product or services with less impact to environment. It indicates as environmental impact in denominator and value of product or services in numerator. Eco-efficiency shows how much economic value reveals to unit environmental impact caused by product or service as an indicator. This study aims at developing eco-efficiency indicator of railway industry considering use stage among the entire life cycle stage of KTX and Saemaul train and also, figure out eco-efficiency value through indicator. Therethrough, it is enables to evaluate created value per environmental aspects. Since rail vehicles demands a lot of energy to transport people during use stage, the environmental impact is more significant than other lkfe cycle stages. Therefore, it quantified environmental indicator as CO2 emission and economic indicator as transportation record per a year with an annual income. This study contributes to be used as a tool for quantifying indicator of comparison evaluation in respect of rail vehicle in use stage.