• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.48-57
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• 2010

Nowadays, public rental apartments' community facilities emphasize only their quantity aspect without considering residents' characteristics, leading their installation regulations to be based on only the number of households, which is problematic. As a result, in many cases, residents, after moving in, alter the facility usage or remodel the facilities for their use. Hereby, this study conducted focus group interviews with public rental apartments' residents as to find out space conditions of and improvement demands for the community facilities. Two public rental apartment complexes in Seoul and Gyeongi-do which were built after 2007 were selected for this study. As for the survey method, workshop panel was employed. Four people in each age class of infants, children, adolescents, adults, and seniors were formed into one group, and a total of 40 people in 10 groups were surveyed. The survey was continuously conducted from February to March in 2009. The study findings can be summarized as follows. 1) Among community facilities, there were more satisfactory outdoor facilities than satisfactory indoor facilities. Residents expressed satisfaction with the facilities linked with natural environment. The causes of unsatisfactory facilities were mostly poor management. 2) The facilities demanded by the residents included ones relevant to study, exercise, and hobbies. As public rental apartments are resided mostly by low-income families, study and hobby activities bring them cost problems. Therefore, it is needed that the apartment complexes support diverse such activities 3) As for facilities demanded for usage alteration, a residents' meeting room accounted for the most popular opinions. As it was used only once a week, its usage was very low. It should be opened to the residents and allowed to be used in various ways. 4) As for demands of changing spatial characteristics, outdoor exercise facilities accounted for the most opinions. Although they were installed in most cases, they were damaged and poorly managed, therefore being in need of improvement in operation and management. In order to maximally utilize public rental apartments' community facilities, facility planning in consideration of various age groups from residents' viewpoint and sustainable systematic management are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.93-105
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• 2017

This study aims to establish the integrated system of national protected areas by identifying OECMs which are not officially recognized as protected areas, but effectively and enduringly deliver the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem service to expand them up to the level recommended by the international community. In order to identify them, candidates for OECMs were listed and it was developed a three-step systematic screening tool based on preconditions, essential characteristics, and sustainable means for conservation outcome of them. As a result of using the tool that considers domestic conditions, seven areas which included Development Restriction Zones, Urban Natural Park Areas, Fishery Resources Protection Zones, Riparian Zones, Natural Recreation Forest Zones, Water Source Protection Areas, and Buffer Zones for Korea National Arboretum were selected as OECMs. And the system of national protected areas was built by integrating them with national protected areas(NPA). Compared with the NPA, the system has been expanded by them and has reached to 17.88%, exceeding the target of 17% for terrestrial and inland water protections. It was proven that they were very effective in enlarging these protections. However, it failed to contribute to the target for marine protections. The expansion of marine protected areas requires different approaches, such as discovering new types of marine protected areas or linking them to biologically important marine areas all over the world.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2528-2539
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• 2012

In the 21st century, knowledge is an important asset to improve productivity in the business world. In today's rapidly changing business environment, companies have rigorously brought in knowledge management system in order to secure the sustainable competitiveness and effective knowledge management. Knowledge management has now become mandatory, not optional. Today many companies which have built knowledge management on top of information technology and hardware-based infrastructure are having a difficulty in creating organizational culture in knowledge management. Even though companies have invested substantial time and money in knowledge management, the performances have not met their expectations. To solve this problem, software oriented strategy for knowledge management such as education and networking is more needed rather than hardware oriented strategy such as information technology systems. Though the knowledge management framework suggested in this study is exploratory, this study contributes to the clarification of the critical elements that companies which are about to build knowledge management should take in account.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.15.1-15.14
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• 2020

Background: Large rivers are ecological treasures with high human value, but most have experienced decades of degradation from industrial and municipal sewage, row-crop agricultural practices, and hydrologic alteration. We reviewed published analyses of long-term fish diversity publications from three intensively managed large river ecosystems to demonstrate the conservation potential of large river ecosystems. Results: We show how the incorporation of recent advances in river concepts will allow a better understanding of river ecosystem functioning and conservation. Lastly, we focus on the Wabash River ecosystem based on high conservation value and provide a list of actions to maintain and support the ecosystem. In the Wabash River, there were originally 66 species of freshwater mussels, but now only 30 species with reproducing populations remain. Although there were multiple stressors over the last century, the largest change in Wabash River fish biodiversity was associated with rapid increases in municipal nutrient loading and invasive bigheaded carps. Conclusions: Like similarly neglected large river systems worldwide, the Wabash River has a surprising amount of ecological resilience and recovery. For instance, of the 151 native fish species found in the 1800s, only three species have experienced local extinctions, making the modern assemblage more intact than many comparable rivers in the Mississippi River basin. However, not all the changes are positive or support the idea of recovery. Primary production underpins the productivity of these ecosystems, and the Wabash River phytoplankton assemblages shifted from high-quality green algae in the 1970s to lower less nutritional blue-green algae as nutrient and invasive species have recently increased. Our recommendations for the Wabash River and other altered rivers include the restoration of natural hydrology for the mainstem and tributaries, nutrient reductions, mechanisms to restore historical hydrologic patterns, additional sediment controls, and improved local hydraulics.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2020

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are among one of the promising technologies for efficient and clean energy. SOFCs offer several advantages over other types of fuel cells under relatively high temperatures (600℃ to 800℃). However, the thermal behavior of SOFC stacks at high operating temperatures is a serious issue in SOFC development because it can be associated with detrimental thermal stresses on the life span of the stacks. The thermal behavior of SOFC stacks can be influenced by operating or material properties. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the effects of the thermal conductivity of each component (anode, cathode, and electrolyte) on the thermal behavior of samarium-doped ceria-based SOFCs at intermediate temperatures. Computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate SOFC operation at 600℃. The temperature distributions and gradients of a single cell at 0.7 V under different thermal conductivity values are analyzed and discussed to determine their relationship. Simulations reveal that the influence of thermal conductivity is more remarkable for the anode and electrolyte than for the cathode. Increasing the thermal conductivity of the anode by 50% results in a 23% drop in the maximum thermal gradients. The results for the electrolyte are subtle, with a ~67% reduction in thermal conductivity that only results in an 8% reduction in the maximum temperature gradient. The effect of thermal conductivity on temperature gradient is important because it can be used to predict thermal stress generation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.280-295
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• 2016

Influences on the environment from the consumption of livestock have increased drastically during the last 50 years in Korea. Reduction of bovine meat consumption is one of the alternatives as sustainable food supply. The consumption of bovine meat and the ecological footprint (the sum of the cropland, grazing land, and carbon footprint) from the consumption of bovine meat have increased over 13 and 12 times over the last 50 years. Especially, the consumption of imported bovine meat and the ecological footprint from the consumption of imported bovine meat have increased significantly about 346 and 369 times over the last 40 years. If the consumption of bovine meat decreased by half in Korea in 2023, the ecological footprint from the consumption of bovine meat would be reduced by 40~65% depending on the scenarios. The supportable population number for the consumptions of environmental resources (food (crops, livestock, and fish), energy, forest, and built-up land) and the crops were 0.57~1.56 million and 3.42~6.83 million, respectively, depending on the scenarios and the nationality of the supported people.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.162-167
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• 2011

Thermal storage plays an important role in building energy saving, which is greatly assisted by the incorporation of latent heat storage in building materials. A phase change material is a substance with a high heat of fusion which, melting and solidifying at a certain temperature, can be storing and releasing large amount of energy. Heat is stored or released when the material changes from solid to liquid. Integration of building materials incorporating PCMs into the building envelope can result in increased efficiency of the built environment. The aim of this research is to identify thermal performance of PCMs impregnated building materials which is applied to interior of building such as gypsum and red clay. In order to analyze thermal performance of phase change materials, test-cell experiments and simulation analysis were carried out. The results show that micro-encapsulated PCM has an effect to maintain a constant indoor temperature using latent heat through the test-cell experiments. PCM wallboard makes it possible to reduce the fluctuation of room temperature and heating and cooling load by using EnergyPlus simulation program. Phase change material can store solar energy directly in buildings. Increasing the heat capacity of a building is capable of improving human comfort by decreasing the frequency of indoor air temperature swings so that the interior air temperature is closer to the desired temperature for a long period of time.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.1
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• pp.118-130
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• 2013

With the advent of a new services environment based on high-speed mobile networks and high-performance mobile devices, users in real life require content-centric services that provide personalized information conveniently and efficiently. These services are defined as ambient services. To implement and support sustainable ambient services, there is a critical need to conduct research regarding practicable models and methodologies. This paper proposes an effective model for ambient services based on the personalization of real-life space. The model consists of Public Info-space, Universal Info-space and Private Info-space. We also show a methodology for implementing the model with currently available techniques in order to prove that the model and methodology constitute an applicable solution to developing true ambient services. Finally, a kind of role-playing game which is built on a real university campus is presented to show the model to be available, where the test bed infrastructure consists of wireless mesh networks and real-time location systems (RTLSes).

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2021

Livestock behavioral analysis is a factor that has a great influence on livestock health management and agricultural productivity increase. However, most digital devices introduced for behavioral analysis of livestock do not provide raw data and also provide limited analysis results. Such a closed system makes it more difficult to integrate data and build big data, which are essential for the introduction of advanced IT technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to supply farm-scale data collection devices that can be easily used at low cost. This study presents a data collection system for analyzing the behavior of livestock. The system consists of a number of miniature computing units that operate wirelessly, and collects livestock body temperature and acceleration data, location information, and livestock environment data. In addition, this study presents an algorithm for estimating the behavior of livestock based on the collected acceleration data. For the experiment, a system was built in a Korean cattle farm in Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, and data were collected for 20 Korean cattle, and based on this, the empirical and analysis results were presented.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.967-974
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• 2022

It is no news that Nigeria's infrastructure challenge is enormous. In the global ranking, Nigeria ranked low in quantity and quality of its infrastructural provision which has a great impact on the ease of business transaction. Low investments in transportation have brought about the current infrastructural deficit. Recently, the Nigerian government has made effort to address at least to some extent the infrastructural deficit through Public-Private Partnership, but this has not yielded the desired result. Moreover, the sustainability issues relating to railway projects such as, emissions, noise pollution, ecosystem, and other environmental issues calls for urgent attention. Hence, this necessitated consideration on sustainability appraisal for the Chinese rail project in Nigeria. This study reviews sustainability of railway projects built by the Chinese firm in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the environmental and social impact of these projects. The study further identified issues and challenges in project implementation with a particular focus on civil dialogue and community engagements. A detailed literature search was conducted on railway projects and infrastructure by systematically reviewing selected published articles.The analysis of the selected articles identified sustainability issues and potential for improvement of Chinese railway projects and how they contribute to or inhibit competitiveness in the Nigerian railway market. From the literature searched, some of the projects constructed by Chinese firm revealed that there is economic and social impact of railway projects delivered by the Chinese firm in terms of capacity development and knowledge transfer potentiality. For instance, in the just concluded Lagos-Ibadan railway projects, the study gathered that the project brought about 5000 jobs and local staff were trained by the Chinese company, this will boost man power and local content capability. Also, it will significantly improve Nigeria's infrastructure and boost its economic development. The study suggests that Nigerian government should ensure and provide an enabling environment that is conducive for investment on the continent. Peace, improved security, and decent governance are the best conditions for sustainable transportation growth.