• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.407-424
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• 2019

To prevent possible accidents by surface subsidence, backfilling operation is known to be one of the most effective methods for ensuring the long-term ground stability because it can eliminate fundamentally the origin of underground mine opening collapse. Also, for effective backfilling of underground mine opening, it is necessary to keep monitoring of backfilled mine opening for analyzing several factors such as filling effect with change of backfill material and characteristics of backfill material. Therefore, in this study, a monitoring system which consists of measuring device and software program has developed to examine the performance of backfilling operation and verify to field applicability to underground mine. Sensors for measuring device have been selected through study of recent research papers and mock-up test has been performed to verify the system compliance. Also, monitoring result of the mock-up test compared to case studies in some countries. From monitoring result fo the mock-up test compared to case studies in some countries, consequently, it was concluded that the developed real-time monitoring system had ensured filed applicability in the underground mine.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.277-290
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• 2020

Disasters, including earthquakes and landslides, have enormous economic and social losses besides their impact on environmental disruption. Iran, and particularly its Western part, is known as an earthquake susceptible area due to numerous strong ground motions. Studying ecological changes due to climate change can improve the public and expert sector's awareness and response to future disastrous events. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technologies are appropriate tools for modeling and surface deformation modeling. This paper proposes an efficient approach to detect ground deformation changes using Sentinel-1A. The focal point of this research is to map the ground surface deformation modeling is presented using InSAR technology over Sarpol-e Zahab on 25^th November 2018 as a study case. For surface deformation modeling and detection of the ground movement due to earthquake SARPROZ in MATLAB programming language is used and discussed. Results show that there is a general ground movement due to the Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake between -7 millimeter to +18 millimeter in the study area. This research verified previous researches on the advanced image analysis techniques employed for mapping ground movement, where InSAR provides a reliable tool for assisting engineers and the decision-maker in choosing proper policies in a time of disasters. Based on the result, 574 out of 682 damaged buildings and infrastructures due to the 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake have moved from -2 to +17 mm due to the 2018 earthquake with a magnitude of 6.3 Richter. Results show that mountainous areas have suffered land subsidence, where urban areas had land uplift.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.7 no.1_2 s.8
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• pp.7-12
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• 1999

A new high-resolution rnagnetotelluric (MT) survey was conducted for pull-apart basin analysis (Cretaceous Eumsung Basin), combined with surface sedimentological results. Two cross-basinal MT profiles represent an asymmetric form with a subbasin in the southeastern part. These basinal architectures are well compatible with paleoflow directions and facies transitions of surface sedimentology. The results also suggest that the basin fills reflect pull-apart opening with rapid subsidence of the central blocks. Combined with the surface sedimentological data on asymmetric lithofacies distribution, facies transitions, and paleoflow directions of the alluvio-lacustrine systems, the MT data help explain basin-fill processes during the basin formation. For petroleum exploration and basin analysis, the high-frequency MT technique can be a useful substitute for the costly burden of a seismic-reflection survey on land.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.101-115
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• 2018

The Long Valley area and its surroundings are part of a major volcano system where inflation occurred in the resurgent dome in the 1990s. We used ENVISAT data to monitor surface deformation of the Long Valley area and its surroundings after the inflation, from 2003-2010. To retrieve the time series of the deformation, we applied the refined Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm which is improved using an iterative approach to minimize unwrapping error. Moreover, ascending and descending data were used to decompose the horizontal and vertical deformation in detail. To confirm refined SBAS results, we used GPS dataset. The InSAR errors are estimated as ${\pm}1.0mm/yr$ and ${\pm}0.8mm/yr$ from ascending and descending tracks, respectively. Compare to the previous study of 1990s over the Long Valley and its surroundings, Paoha Island and CASA geothermal area still subside. The deformation pattern in the Long Valley area during the study period (2003-2010) went through both subsidence (2003-2007) and slow uplift(2007-2010) episodes. Our research also shows no deformation signal near McGee Creek. Our study provided a better understanding of the surface changes of the indicators in the 1990s and 2000s.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2023

Concrete is a widely used material due to its excellent compressive strength and durability. However, depending on the surrounding environment and the characteristics of the materials used in the construction, various defects may occur, such as cracks on the surface and subsidence of the structure. The detects on the surface of the concrete structure occur after completion or over time. Neglecting these cracks may lead to severe structural damage, necessitating regular safety inspections. Traditional visual inspections of concrete walls are labor-intensive and expensive. This research presents a deep learning-based semantic segmentation model designed to detect cracks in concrete walls. The model addresses surface defects that arise from aging, and an image augmentation technique is employed to enhance feature extraction and generalization performance. A dataset for semantic segmentation was created by combining publicly available and self-generated datasets, and notable semantic segmentation models were evaluated and tested. The model, specifically trained for concrete wall fracture detection, achieved an extraction performance of 81.4%. Moreover, a 3% performance improvement was observed when applying the developed augmentation technique.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.17-28
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• 2007

Urban tunnels are usually important in terms of prediction and control of surface settlement, gradient and ground displacement. This paper has studied the application of strain softening analysis to predict deformation behavior of an urban NATM tunnel. The applied strain softening model considered the reduction of shear stiffness and strength parameter after yielding with strain softening effects of a given material. Measurements of surface subsidence and ground displacement were adopted to monitor the ground behavior resulting from the tunneling and to modify tunnel design. The numerical analysis results produced a strain distribution, deformational mechanism and surface settlement profile, which are in good agreement with the results of case study. The approach of strain softening modeling is expected to be a good prediction method on the ground displacement associated with NATM tunneling at shallow depth and soft ground.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.815-824
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the meteorological characteristics of wintertime high PM10 concentration episodes in Busan. $PM_{10}$ concentration has been reduced for the past four years and recorded near or exceeded 100 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (national standard of $PM_{10}$). High concentration episodes in Busan were 6 case, $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio was 0.36~0.39(mean 0.55). High $PM_{10}$ concentration occurred during higher air temperature, more solar radiation and sunshine, lower relative humidity, and smaller cloud amount. Synoptically, it also occurred when Busan was in the center or the edge of anticyclone and when sea breeze intruded. An analysis of upper air sounding showed that high $PM_{10}$ concentration occurred when surface inversion layer and upper subsidence inversion layer existed, and when boundary layer depth and vertical mixing coefficient were low. An analysis of backward trajectory of air mass showed that high $PM_{10}$ concentration was largely affected by long range transport considering that it occurs when air mass is intruded from China.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.148-152
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• 2008

뉴올리언스는 미시시피 강 하구에 위치하였으며 지난 2005년 허리케인 카트리나에 의해 큰 침수 피해를 입은 지역이다. 이 도시는 신생대 지층에 자리하고 있어 미고결층의 다짐작용 및 단층작용으로 최대 29mm 정도의 연간 침하율을 보여 왔다. 뉴올리언스의 계속된 침하작용은 평균해수면보다 낮은 지역에 위치한 도시의 침수위험성을 가중시키고 있어 현재 이에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. SAR영상을 이용한 차분간섭기법(DInSAR, Differential Interferometry of SAR)은 지반침하, 지진, 화산활동 등과 같이 수십 km$^2$에 걸쳐 발생하는 지표변위를 수cm-수mm의 정밀도로 관측 가능한 기술이다. 이 연구에서는 차분간섭기법을 이용하여 2005년 2월부터 2007년 2월까지 촬영된 21개의 RADARSAT-1 Fine beam mode(F5) 영상으로부터 25개의 차분간섭영상(DInSAR Interferogram)을 생성하였다. 또한 차분간섭도의 spatial decorrelation을 극복하고 시간에 따른 LOS 방향의 변위를 관측하기 위해 분석 알고리즘으로는 보완된 SBAS(small baseline subset)기법을 이용하였으며, 이 기법을 이용하여 대기의 영향 및 노이즈를 제거한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 우리는 LOS방향의 2차원 변위분포 맵을 작성하였으며, 그 결과 전체적인 침하율은 크지 않지만, 도시의 서쪽지점에서 나타나는 상대적으로 큰 -1.49cm/yr의 변위 값과 동쪽 지점에서 0.33cm/yr의 변위 값을 관측하였다. 이 같은 결과는 앞으로의 연구에서 실측 데이터 및 동일기간의 다른 SAR영상자료의 연구를 통해 보완해 나갈 것이다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.997-1010
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• 2017

The black box model is a relatively new option for nonlinear dynamic system identification. It can be used for prediction problems just based on analyzing the input and output data without considering the changes of the internal structure. In this paper, a black box model was presented to solve unconstrained overlying strata movement problems in coal mine production. Based on the black box theory, the overlying strata regional system was viewed as a "black box", and the black box model on overburden strata movement was established. Then, the rock mechanical properties and the mining thickness and mined-out section area were selected as the subject and object respectively, and the influences of coal mining on the overburden regional system were discussed. Finally, a corrected method for height prediction of the fractured zone was obtained. According to actual mine geological conditions, the measured geological data were introduced into the black box model of overlying strata movement for height calculation, and the fractured zone height was determined as 40.36 m, which was comparable to the actual height value (43.91 m) of the fractured zone detected by Double-block Leak Hunting in Drill. By comparing the calculation result and actual surface subsidence value, it can be concluded that the proposed model is adaptable for height prediction of the fractured zone.

• Geosciences Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.903-919
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the depositional processes and environmental changes during initial marine flooding recorded in the lower Cambrian succession of the North China Platform in Shandong Province, China. In order to understand imbalance of accommodation and sediment supply in the initial stage of basin-fill, a detailed analysis of sedimentary facies was made for the lowermost siliciclastic deposits of the Liguan Formation. It reveals ten siliciclastic lithofacies in three large-scale outcrops (Jinhe, Anqianzhuang, and Zhangjiapo sections). These facies are grouped into four facies associations, representing siliciclastic foreshoreshoreface (S1), siliciclastic offshore (S2), distributary mouth bars (S3), and coastal plain (S4). The siliciclastic components occur in a linear belt, emanating from a major drainage system in the northeastern part of the platform. Deposition of siliciclastic sediments was largely controlled by regional topography of the unconformable surface and shoreline configuration as well as strong effect of waves and currents. With ensued rise in sea level and decrease in siliciclastic sediment supply, carbonate sediments prevailed, filling the accommodation created by epeirogenic subsidence and sediment loading.