• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 1985

Elastomer-filler interaction in terms of characterization of filler effects was studied using natural rubber(NR) loaded with kaolin fillers modified with sodium polyphosphate and poly(maleic anhydride), respectively. Kaolins modified with sodium polyphosphate or poly(maleic anhydride) show adhering characteristics by Kraus plot. Reinforcement activity according to Cunneen-Russell method is given by those fillers, in which sodium polyphosphate-treated kaolin presents more favorable results than that treated with poly(maleic anhydride) with respect to adhesion constant, reinforcement extent, elastic constant, and crosslink density. When applied to Blanchard's linkage reinforcement theory, NR vulcanizates loaded with kaolin modified with sodium polyphosphate meet the requirements for both approximate linkage reinforcement(${\psi}'$) of 1.02 to 4.94 and accurate linkage reinforcement($\psi$) of 1.00 to 1.18, representing the values of effective wetting($C_{\psi}$) for 0.001 to 0.029 and intrinsic linkage reinforcement(${\psi}_0$) for 1.015 to 1.124, respectively, whille negligible linkage reinforcement is shown by NR vulcanizates loaded with kaolin treated with poly(maleic anhydride). Dynamic storage modulus(G') given by surface modified kaolins presents more favorable crosslink density rates of $2.260{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$. for sodium polyphosphate treated kaolin and $1.305{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$. for poly(maleic anhydride) treated kaolin, respectively, compared to untreated kaolin showing the rate of $1.033{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2010

This paper discusses the surface roughness of corroded reinforcement rebar in reinforced concrete structures focusing on the quantitative measurement technique for rebar corrosion. Reinforcement rebar was corroded using accelerated corrosion induced method and corrosion rates were 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, and 10% of mass losses. Using 3-dimensional scanner each surface profile of reinforcement rebar was established, and surface roughness was measured. Through tests and analyses of corroded reinforcement rebar, the following topics were particularly discussed: measurement of surface roughness, relationship between area and surface roughness, relationship between surface roughness and bond performance. As a result, surface roughness of corroded rebar was found to be very effective to bond strength until 2% of corrosion rate. It was also discussed how to relate surface roughness of corroded rebar to bond strength of reinforced concrete structures.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.607-622
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• 2018

A non-linear finite element model (FEM) was constructed using a three-dimensional software (ATENA-3D) to investigate the effect of strengthening on the behavior of prestressed hollow-core (PHC) slabs with or without openings. The slabs were strengthened using near surface mounted (NSM)-carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The constructed model was validated against experimental results that were previously reported by the authors. The validated FEM was then used to conduct an extensive parametric study to examine the influence of prestressing reinforcement ratio, compressive strength of concrete and strengthening reinforcement ratio on the behavior of such slabs. The FEM results showed good agreement with the experimental results where it captured the cracking, yielding, and ultimate loads as well as the mid-span deflection with a reasonable accuracy. Also, an overall enhancement in the structural performance of these slabs was achieved with an increase in prestressing reinforcement ratio, compressive strength of concrete, external reinforcement ratio. The presence of openings with different dimensions along the flexural or shear spans reduced significantly the capacity of the PHC slabs. However, strengthening these slabs with 2 and 4 (64 and $128mm^2$ that represent reinforcement ratios of 0.046 and 0.092%) CFRP strips was successful in restoring the original strength of the slab and enhancing post-cracking stiffness and load carrying capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The number of construction of roads and railroads in soft ground such as coastal areas and wetlands is getting increased. For this reason cases that soft ground improvement is applied are increasing. In general, many ground improvement methods consider only the working conditions at the time or only economy. But if the working condition and economy are taken into consideration together, the number of applicable construction method gets limited. In such a case, a ground improvement method using both the surface layer portion and the deep layer portion is applied. But the basic research on this is still insufficient in practice. Therefore, in this study the reinforcement effect of geogrid was investigated by carrying out the model test realizing the case in which soft surface ground improvement and depth improvement are simultaneously applied. And it was intened to understand the effect of the thickness of surface layer, the diameter and length of the improvement body on the reinforcement effect of geogrid. The result showed that the effect of the surface layer thickness is greater than the effect of the deep layer diameter. Moreover, when the surface layer is reinforced with a geogrid, the strength of the surface layer part is enhanced and this effect of a geogrid reinforcement caused the reduction of surface settlement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.45-56
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• 1999

There have been many coal mines abandoned since late 1980s in Korea. Due to the abandoned mines, there have been ground subsidences in some area where are under ground reinforcement works now. So, this study shows the general phenomena of mining subsidence and the procedure of ground reinforcement. In general the procedure for ground reinforcement is as below, 1) obtaining information from inquiries and observations, 2) satellite image analysis and surface geological mapping, 3) analysis of maps of coal mines, 4) geophysical survey and boring test and 5) selection of reinforcement method. The case of reinforcement design at Chul-am area, Kangwon Province is introduced in this article.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.219-220
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• 2011

The research is for building safety by using fiber reinforced concrete against impact load. The aim of this study is to evaluation of Impact Resistance of mortar by Reinforcement Condition of Aramid Fiber(fiber length, fiber surface treatment, fiber contents, hyrid reinforcement with steel fiber). Thus, the results indicate that it can improve mix condition and impact resistance by fiber surface treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.233-238
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• 2002

This study presents failure mechanisms for the pull-out strength of headed reinforcement for upper bound solution based on the limit theorem. The failure mechanisms to be presented follow the failure surface pattern of punching shear failure found in the joints of slab with a column. Several failure surfaces of the mechanisms have different characteristics for dissipation works and these mechanisms are able to interpret the role of bar details surrounding headed reinforcement.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.389-395
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• 2017

A study was carried out to improve the field implementation of asphalt surface reinforcement method which is a preventive maintenance. Mean Texture Depth (MTD) was measured to quantify the surface condition and used to determine the optimum application rate. Determining the application rate using MTD can reduce the material loss from 30% to 15%. In order to reduce the curing time to 30 minutes, the heat capacity of $317kcal/m^2$ is required. Therefore, the design capacity of the heating curing device requires more than 380,000 kcal/hr. The asphalt surface reinforcement method is preferably applied at a time when slight cracking occurs before the permanent deformation becomes serious. Through the analysis of the pavement survey data, it was decided to apply the surface reinforcement method at the crack rate of 3~4%. Heating the surface reinforcement agent to $50^{\circ}C$ improves workability and ensures sufficient penetration depth even at a crack width of 1 mm. The results will be utilized as basic data for the development of automated construction equipment for efficiency improvement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.1118-1125
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• 2009

This study, as basic research which was intended to develope the surface reinforcement method using reinforcement material which is applicable to very soft ground in Korea, was aimed at proposing Bearing Capacity Evaluation method for the surface ground improvement method. To that end, a wide width tensile test using geotextile, geogrid and steel bar (substitute for bamboo) and 21 kinds of the laboratory model tests with the end restraint conditions of the reinforcement that comprises the constrained and partially constrained (3 types) conditions were conducted. According to result of tests, Terzaghi's bearing capacity method is adequate to calculate bearing capacity in non-stiff material(geotextile, geogrid). But, It can't adequate to stiff material(bamboo net). So, New bearing capacity method suggest surface reinforcement method of very soft ground which Terzaghi's bearing capacity method modify for effect of stiffness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.303-314
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• 2010

This study, as basic research which was intended to develope the surface reinforcement method using reinforcement material which is applicable to very soft ground in Korea, was aimed at proposing the design parameter for the surface ground improvement method. To that end, a wide width tensile test using geotextile, geogrid and steel bar (substitute for bamboo) and 49 kinds of the laboratory model tests were conducted. And the result the study suggested $\beta_s$, the stiffness coefficient to evaluate the stiffness effect of reinforcement materials. Then, it was also found that the stiffness coefficient, $\beta_s$ as the testing constant would be appropriate as high as 1.0, 1.1 and 1.5 for geotextile, geogrid and steel bar, respectively. And It was evaluated that the stiffness effect affecting reinforcement improvement effect would be reduced as the thickness of embeded depth increases and that RFe, the stiffness effect reduction coefficient would have positive correlation with H/B. Finally, it was confirmed that the bearing capacity gained from the method to calculate bearing capacity, which was suggested in the study, would almost correctly estimate the capacity, demonstrating the appropriateness of the proposed bearing capacity calculation method.