• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2005

Object: A study on the changes of superficial temperature as the ambient temperature varies. Method: After performing research on the physiologic mechanism of heat loss from skin, heat transfer to skin and heat productions of body, the conclusions would be drawn from experiments on temperature changes in every parts of the body as ambient temperature varies . Result and conclusion: Superficial temperature is in equilibrium with ambient temperature after a certain period. Part of the body with big change in superficial temperature tends to have slower temperature change and longer time for adaptation than the part with small change in superficial temperature. The temperature difference between left and right side of the body needs no attention. If adequate adaptation time, a short-period living supervision prior to measurements and appropriate indoor environment management are provided, meaningful conclusion would be attained for infrared thermal diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to help preparing the evidence-based data for the manual of heat applications by finding the differences of superficial and core temperatures after applying dry and moist heats on shoulder and thigh. Methods: Moist and dry heats were alternately applied on the 33 subjects a day apart from May 15, 2010 through June 9, 2010. The experiment was conducted with $23^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ room temperature and 50% to 66% of moisture from 2 to 6 p.m. After heat was applied on the shoulder of the subjects wearing shorts and gowns for 30 minutes, their superficial and core temperatures were measured. The same method was used on the thigh after two hours. Results: Both superficial and core temperatures on the shoulder and thigh increased significantly after heat therapy. There was no significant difference between the temperatures before and after intervention according to applying methods and regions. Conclusion: This study provides a theoretical basis that a dry heat is a convenient nursing intervention for hypothermic patients.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

In Oriental medicine, Ginseng had been used for many diseases widely. It's main effects are suppling Qi and Promoting metastasis. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of Ginseng on control of body temperature. We conducted this study with 24 volunteers who had no problem in their health from November 2002 to January 2003. The body temperature were measured by DITI and thermometer before taking Ginseng and after 30minutes of the taking Ginseng extract 15g. We observed the difference of temperature among face chest and upper abdomen. All data were coded for computer analysis and significance were tested by Paired t-test and independent-t-test. According to our study, the axillary temperature show no signifiant change between two groups. The difference of temperature$({\Delta}T)$ between face and upper abdomen significantly increase after taking Ginseng extract(p<0.01). The difference of temperature$({\Delta}T)$ between face and chest significantly increase after taking Ginseng extract(p<0.05).

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2018

저수지 안전진단을 위하여 수행되는 전기비저항 모니터링 자료는 대기의 온도에 영향을 받는다. 특히 국내와 같이 사계절의 온도 변화가 큰 환경에서는 지중온도 변화에 의한 전기비저항의 변화를 무시하기 어렵다. 따라서 온도효과는 전기비저항 모니터링 자료의 정밀한 해석을 어렵게 한다. 이 연구에서는 저수지에서 획득된 다점온도 모니터링 자료를 분석하여 시공간적 지중온도를 추정하고, 이를 이용하여 역산 결과 얻어진 지하 전기비저항 모델에 대하여 온도보정을 수행하였다. 온도보정 결과, 계절변화에 의한 온도 효과는 주로 상부에 국한되며, 심부에서는 무시할 수 있는 것으로 해석되었다. 그러나 댐 제체의 온도 분포만을 가지고 온도 보정을 수행하면 그 효과를 완전히 제거할 수 없다. 이 문제를 극복하기 위해, 저수지 물의 온도 변화에 의한 효과는 대기온도 변화도 함께 포함되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2005년도 제20차 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.52-52
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• 2005

Oogenesis, the gonadosomatic index (GSI), reproductive cycle and first sexual maturation of the female Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii have been investigated by light and electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen, lipid droplets and yolk granules. In late vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. In particular, compared with the results of other gastropods, it is a different result that appearances of cortical granules at the cortical layer and microvilli on the vitelline envelope, which is associated with heterosynthetic vitellogenesis, were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body (central core), superficial layer, and the limiting menbrane, Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index in females were studied in 2002 and 2003 were closely associated with ovarian developmental phases. Spawning occurred between May and August in 2002 and 2003 and the main spawning occurred between June and July when the seawater temperature rose to approximately 18${\sim}$23${\circ}$C. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early activestage (Septmber to October), late active stage ( November to February), ripe stage (February to June), partially spawned stage (May to Aygust), and recovery stage (June to August).

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), oogenesis and reproductive cycle in female Neptunea (Barbitonia) afhritica cumingii were investigated by light and electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen, lipid droplets and yolk granules. Late in the vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in cytoplasm. In particular, compared with the results of other gastropods, it showed a different result that appearances of cortical granules at the cortical layer and microvilli on the vitelline envelope, which is associated with heterosynthetic vitellogenesis, were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body (central core), superficial layer, and the limiting membrane. Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index in females studied in 2004 and 2005 were closely associated with ovarian developmental phases. Spawning occurred between May and August in 2004 and 2005 and the main spawning occurred between June and July when the seawater temperature rose to approximately $18-23^{\circ}C$. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (September to October), late active stage (November to February), ripe stage (February to June), partially spawned stage (May to August), and recovery stage (June to August).

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2020

본 연구는 급성기 종합병원 입원 욕창환자에서 욕창 중등도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 입원환자의 퇴원시 욕창악화에 영향요인을 확인하기 위해 수집한 자료를 이차자료 분석하였다. 원 연구는 2017년 5월부터 2018년 11월까지 일 급성기 대학병원에 입원한 만 18세 이상의 욕창환자의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 자료수집하였다. 이차자료 분석에 입원시 욕창이 있었던 472명의 자료를 이용하였다. 욕창 중증도에 따른 영향요인을 확인하기 위하여, 표면욕창에 비해 중증욕창에 영향을 미치는 요인을 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 확인하였다. 연구결과 급성기 대학병원 입원 욕창환자는 전체 환자의 12.7%이었으며, 중증욕창은 그 중 19.1%이었다. 중증욕창에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 성별, 체온과 환자의 기동력이 확인되었다. 입원 욕창환자에 대한 피부관리가 필요하며, 특히 기동력이 저하된 환자에게 체위변경의 횟수 증가 및 욕창부위 압력완화를 위한 관리가 요구된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.681-686
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• 2006

Plasma nitrocarburising and plasma post oxidation were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of S45C and SCM440 steel by a plasma ion nitriding system. Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 3h at $570^{\circ}C$ in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce the ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(N, C) phase. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at constant temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The very thin magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) layer $1-2{\mu}m$ in thickness on top of the $15{\sim}25{\mu}m$ ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(N, C) compound layer was obtained by plasma post oxidation. A salt spray test and electrochemical testing revealed that in the tested 5% NaCl solution, the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer could be further improved by the application of the superficial magnetite layer. Throttle valve shafts were treated under optimum plasma processing conditions. Accelerated life time test results, using throttle body assembled with shaft treated by plasma nitrocarburising and post oxidation, showed that plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma post oxidation processes could be a viable technology in the very near future which can replace $Cr^{6+}$ plating.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2022

Purpose : This retrospective investigation study aimed to determine the predictive validity of superficial surgical site infection assessment tools by measuring the risk score at the surgical site. Methods : This study included patients hospitalized to the general surgery department of a Hospital from January 2021 to December 31, 2021. The inclusion criteria were age ≥19 years, general abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, and hospital stay longer than 2 days. Patients who had undergone transplantation were excluded. Results : Tool validity results showed that tools including surgical time and operative procedure were more accurate than previously developed tools, with a sensitivity of 71.1%, specificity of 71.4%, positive prediction of 12.3%, negative prediction of 97.8%, and area under the curve of 0.743 (95% confidence interval, 0.678~0.745). The tool's cut-off score was 15, and the risks of infection was increased by 6.14 times at or above this cut-off point. Preoperative hair removal period, surgical wound classification, surgery time, body temperature on the second day after surgery, drainage tube type, and suture type affected the risk of infection at the surgical site. Conclusion : The incidence of healthcare-associated infections has been declining in the past decade; however, surgical site infections still account for a considerable proportion. Therefore, early identification of high-risk groups for surgical site infection is crucial for reducing the incidence of surgical site infection using appropriate management.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2005

갈색띠매물고둥, Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii의 난자 형성과정 중 난황 형성, 생식주기 및 군성숙도를 광학 및 전자현미경적 관찰에 의해서 조사하였다. 초기 난황 형성 단계의 난모세포에서 골지복합체와 미토콘드리아가 지방적 및 난황 과립의 형성에 관여되었다. 후기 난황 형성 단계의 난모세포에서는 조면소포체와 다포체가 세포질 내에서 단백질성 난황 과립 형성에 관여되었다. 성숙 단계 난모세포에서 성숙 난황 과립은 주소체(중앙중심), 표면층, 그리고 이들을 둘러싼 한계막의 3가지로 구성되어 있다. 산란기는 5월과 8월 사이이고, 주 산란은 수온이 대략 $18{\sim}23^{\circ}C$로 상승하는 6월과 7월 사이에 일어나고 있다. 암컷의 생식주기는 초기 활성기($9{\sim}10$월), 후기 활성기($9{\sim}2$월), 완숙기($2{\sim}6$월), 부분 산란기($5{\sim}8$월), 회복기($6{\sim}8$월)의 연속적인 5단계로 구분할 수 있다. 군성숙도는 각고 $51.0{\sim}60.9mm$에서 53.1%이었고 각고 61.0mm 이상에서는 100%를 나타내었다.