• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2017

The rapid growth of world population, reduction of cultivated areas for crop production, and detrimental effects of pests, diseases, and climate changes have required to breed new rice cultivars with high yield, accepted quality, but strong resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, traditional breeding needs much time to breed a new cultivar, whereas the successful use of molecular breeding is still questionable. We have developed a novel mutation which allow to cross many rice cultivars together with low segregation, that allow to breed a new cultivar in only several cropping. The mechanism has been unknown, but we suggest that gene linkage may play a crucial role, of which the semi dwarf gene might be the center gene for gene linkage occurrence. The phenomenon of this possible gene linkage is contrary to Mendel rules, but it is promising to breed new rice cultivars, of which, the most elite genes in rice might be able to gather in a targeted rice variety.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.371-376
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• 1986

This study to elucidate concentrations of impurities such as methanol and fusel oil formed during fermentation process among the different materials and has been applied technical seperation for processing improvement by continuous distillation of super-allospas type. Methanol was formed high concentrations of cutting dried sweet potato and tapioca in order among the different materials during fermentation process. n-Propanol oil was formed high concentration of rice, cutting dried sweet potato, corn, naked barley and tapioca in order among the those materials. I-Buthanol showed high concentration of tapioca, corn, rice, cutting dried sweet potato and naked barley in order and isoamyl-alcohol showed high concentration of tapioca, rice, cutting dried sweet potato, corn and naked barley in order. Using the continuous distillation of super-allospas type, the following are collection ratios of n-propanol, iso-butanol, n-butanol and iso-amylalcohol: 37.9％, 28.6％, 37.4％, and 56.1％ when 78.25％ (v/v), 68.54％ (viv), 50.0％ (viv), and 50.0％ (v/v) alcohol are used, respectively. Fusel oil and bad alcohol put into the recovery column and then seperated directly by side cut of fusel oil partially from plate of tower bottom after concentration again. Extra impurities seperated by fusel oil seperator when 20 ％ (v/v) alcohol adjusted with water.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.757-761
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• 1995

The relationship between the molecular structure of rice starch and the texture of cooked rice was investigated using hot-water soluble rice starch. The structure of hot-water soluble starch bound amylose which was composed of small molecular weight and amylopectin which was composed of chain length of $\overline{DP}\;10{\sim}20$, and the average composition of amylose : amylopectin was 7 : 3. The molecular weight of amylose was the smaller and super long chain of amylopectin was the fewer, the extractable ratio of hot-water soluble rice starch was the higher. And hot-water solubility of rice starch be responsible for molecular structure of starch. On the texture of cooked rice, the extractable ratio of hot-water soluble rice starch was the higher, the hardness was the lower and the adhesiveness was the higher. The results suggest that the molecular structure of rice starch could be responsible for the texture of cooked rice.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.635-642
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of antioxidant activities in some traditional and a few super food mixed rice. Amongst nine chosen samples, traditional five grains were analyzed and results revealed highest content of crude-protein ($8.05{\pm}1.11%$) and lowest crude-fat content ($1.74{\pm}0.29%$); however, the calories was found to be relatively low ($358.05{\pm}0.34kcal$) in the samples. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were extracted from nine samples with 80% methanol and biochemical activity was measured. The content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and total tannin was $206.5{\sim}452.0{\mu}g/mL$, $0.126{\sim}0.340{\mu}g/mL$, and $548.1{\sim}774.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The traditional five grains showed the highest values except for DPPH radical scavenging activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 5 to 40.3% higher in eight samples than the traditional five grains sample. From these results, it is conjectured that a mixture of five grains, might exhibit equal or considerably higher effect as healthy diet when compared to super food. The results from this study would serve as basic data for the use of traditional mixed grains rice diet for good health.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.663-673
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• 2017

Heavy metal(loid) contamination of rice is the main issue in abandoned metal mine area with regard to food safety. A field study was conducted in mine area to see if soil amendments treatment including calcium superphosphate, sulfur, steel slag and S-containing fertilizer could reduce As and/or Cd content in rice grain and increase the growth of rice. The As content in brown rice reduced to 60% compared to the control only in $7.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of steel slag treatment. Cd reduction in rice was thought to be not the effect of amendments but the result from the difference in growth and development of rice plant and this could be ascribed to low soil Cd availability to rice plant. Compared with control, increased rice yield of cultivar Hwanggeumnuri was 1.3~2.2 and $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in calcium super phosphate and S-containing fertilizer treatment, respectively and the trend was also observed in cultivar Ungwang. However, steel slag treatment reduced the Ungwang yield by $0.4{\sim}0.9Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Future work will be needed to establish the agricultural measure with which secure the safety and yield of rice simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1987

This study was conducted to find out the effect of several improvers such as triple super phosphate, slaked lime, wollastonite and gypsum for reducing Cd content in brown rice. Several improvers were applied to two different types of soils which are contaminated with copper-zinc mine wasted and sludge.(Soil I contained Cd : 7.88, Cu : 57.9, Zn : 175.0 ppm, Soil II contained Cd : 3.95, Cu : 30.2, Zn :124.0 ppm) In general, effects of improvers on reducing content of Cd, Cu and Zn in brown rice were greater in soil I than soil II. In soil I, the Cd content of brown rice was reduced to 0.4ppm below by application of triple superphosphate, fused phosphate, slaked lime and gypsum, 98, 225, 190 and 276Kg/10a, respectively. Triple superphosphate was more effective than fused phosphate in reducing uptake of Cd, Cu and Zn by applying them as an equal amount of phosphorous, also to equal alkalinity, slaked lime had the highest effect. Negatively linear effect was found between soil pH and Cd and Zn content in brown rice. As to above results, it was no doubt that triple superphosphate, fused phosphate and slaked lime would be applied to reduced heavy metals in brown rice. The slaked lime, triple super phosphate and fused phosphate were available to reduce uptake of Cd, Cu and Zn by rice plant grown in the soil contaminated with mine waste and sludge.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.203-221
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• 2015

This paper presents the results of a study undertaken to investigate the enhancement of concrete strength using Silpozz and Rice Husk Ash (RHA). The total percentage of supplementary cementitious material (SCM) substituted in this study was 20%. Six different concrete mixes were prepared such as without replacement of cement with silpozz and RHA (0% silpozz and 0% RHA) is treated as conventional concrete, whereas in other five concrete mixes cement was replaced by 20% of silpozz and RHA as (0% silpozz and 20% RHA), (5% silpozz and 15% RHA), (10% silpozz and 10% RHA), (15% silpozz and 5% RHA) and (20% silpozz and 0% RHA) with decreasing water-binder (w/b) ratio i.e. 0.375, 0.325 and 0.275 and increasing super plasticiser dose. New generation polycarboxylate base water reducing admixture i.e., Cera Hyperplast XR-W40 was used in this study. The results of this research indicate that as w/b decreases, super plasticiser dose need to be increased so as to increase the workability of concrete. The effects of replacing cement by silpozz and RHA on the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were evaluated. The concrete mixture with different combination of silpozz and RHA gives higher strength as compared to control specimen for all w/b ratios and also observed that the early age strength of concrete is more as compared to the later age strength. It is also observed that the strength enhancement of concrete mixture prepared with the combination of cement, silpozz and RHA is higher as compared to the concrete mixture prepared with cement and silpozz or cement and RHA.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

In order to investigate structural properties of Chindo black rice(grown in Chindo, Chonnam) starch and its amylopectin, Chindo black rice was investigated in comparison to Shinsun waxy rice. The maximum absorbance wave and intrinsic viscosity of Chindo black rice starch and Shinsun waxy rice starch were 523 nm, 521 nm and 183 ml/g, 178 ml/g, respectively. ${\beta}-amylolysis$ limit(%) of Chindo black rice and Shinsun waxy rice starch were 62.8% and 60.3%, respectively. Chindo black rice was determined to be a waxy rice due to the results of iodine reaction and elution profile on Sephroce CL-2B. The chain of amylopectins in Chindo black rice distributed fraction 1$(F_1)$ of above degree of polymerization$({\overline{DP}})$ 55, fraction 2$(F_2)$ of ${\overline{DP}} $40{\sim}50$ and fraction 3$(F_3)$ of ${\overline{DP}} $15{\sim}20$, and the ratio of $F_3$ to $F_2$ for Chindo black rice was higher than that for Shinsun waxy rice. The super long chain of amylopectin in Chindo black rice was consisted much more than that of Shinsun waxy rice. ${\beta}-limit$ dextrins in Chindo black rice amylopectin distributed $F_1$ of above ${\overline{DP}} 55, $F_2$ of ${\overline{DP}} $30{\sim}45$ and $F_3$ of ${\overline{DP}} $10{\sim}20$. Little difference was shown between elution patterns of the pullulanase treated ${\beta}-limit$ dextrins of Chindo black rice amylopectin and Shinsun waxy rice amylopectin. These results suggest that Chindo black rice starch was similar to Shinsun waxy rice starch.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.537-544
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• 1993

Super-giant-embryo mutant line (Hwacheong-ge$^s$) with high nutritional quality was developed from Hwacheongbyeo, a Korean Japonica cultivar. Grain weight of brown rice of Hwacheong-ge$^s$ line was lighter than of Hwacheongbyeo. However, embryo dry weight of the line was 3.22 times heavier than that of Hwacheongbyeo on the single grain base. Hwacheong-ge$^s$ line showed higher protein(8.99%) than the original variety(7.39%), without changes in storage protein. In amino acid composition, lysine content was greatly increased in the mutant, while the contents of methionine, serine and tyrosine were slightly decreased as compared with the original one. Lipid content of Hwacheong-ge$^s$ line was 1.5 times higher compared with that of Hwacheongbyeo. The contents of Vitamin Bl, B2, and E(${\alpha}$-tocopherol) were also greatly increased in Hwacheong-ge$^s$line. The grain yields of the mutant lines ranged from 69.2% to 78.8% compared with that of Hwacheongbyeo, 556kg /10a. Most of the mutant lines of M4 generation were homogeneous for growth characters, and some of them seemed to be readily applicable for farmer's field.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2000

Super water absorbent (CPAM-AS-hyd-1) was prepared by polymerization of acrylamide and allyl sulfonate salt with N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinking agent, followed by alkaline hydrolysis and the effect on mycelial growth and sporophore production of edible mushrooms in the artificial cultivation was examined. The mycelial growth of edible mushrooms did not depend on the addition of super water absorbent upto 200 g of hydrated polymer gel per 100 cc medium. The proper hydrated polymer gel concentration for sporophore production of Pleurotus sajor-caju and Hericium erinaceus were 200 g and $200{\sim}250\;g$ per 100 cc medium, respectively. The proper hydrated polymer gel and puffed rice hull concentration for sporophore production of Flammulina velutipes was 200 g per 100 mm medium and 10% (v/v), respectively.