• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 1979

This study was conducted to find out the effects of rainfall occurring during the paddy sun-during process of traditional paddy harvesting operations on the quality of milld rice. Rice varieties used for the experiment were MINEHIJARI variety a japonica and SUWEON 264 vareity , a sister-line of TONG-IL . Sun-drying days after the paddy cutting, times of storm occurrance during sun-drying period, and storm duration were treated as variables. The results is summarised as follows : 1. Brown rice recovery exposed to rainfall during the sun-druing period were ranged 81.6-82.1% and 79.4-80.2% for MINEHIKARI and SUWEON 264 varieties, respectively. which showed negligible effect by rainfall. 2. Milling recovery of MINEHIKARI variety was not affected by storm duration but by the by the sun-drying days after cutting as the sun-drying days increased to eight and four days when the variety met the rainfall one and two times, respectively. The range of milling recoveries of MINEHIKARI variety were 75.18-74.07% and 75.24-73.46% as the variety met the rainfall one and two times, respectively, and it were estimated that up to 0.9% and 1.5% of milling recovery would be reduced by one and two times of rainfall during sun-drying period. 3. The milling recovery of SUWEON 264 variety was affected only by the increase of drying days after cutting when it met one time of rainfall during the sun-drying period, while it was begun to reduce by the storm duration more than 11hours as the drying paddy met two times of rainfall. The milling reveries of the paddy met one and two times of rainfall were ranged 74.24-73.21% and 74.02-72.36% which were estimated to be reduced up to 0.9 % and 1.8% by the increase of the drying days after cutting and storm duration , respectively. 4. The head rice recovery of MINEHIKARI rice variety showed notable decrease as the drying days after cutting increased, and also it was greatly reduced even by the five hours of storm duration when one time of rainfall occurred but it was not affected by storm duration when the rainfall occurred two times. Head rice recoveries of MINEHIKARI met one and two times of rainfall during the sun-drying period were 65. 15 -40.85% and 61.86 - 30.03 %, which showed terrible reduction as much as up to 25% and 35% compared to that which did not met rainfall during the sun-drying process. 5. Head rice recovery or SUWEON 264 variety was very much reduced as the sum-drying days after cutting increased. Storm duration less than five hours during the sun-drying process did not affect on the decrease of head rice recovery when the variety was exposed to one time of rainfall, while storm duration affected considerably on the reduction of head rice recovery of SUWEON 264 variety exposed to two times of rainfall. The range of head rice recovery, 56.43 - 33.94% and 51.28 - 21.03% , for the paddy exposed to rainfall one and two times were evaluated that up to 24% and 37% of reduction in head rice recovery would be brought about compared to the head rice recovery of the sundriedpaddy that did not met the rainfall.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.75-75
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• 1979

This study was conducted to find out the effects of rainfall occurring during the paddy sun-during process of traditional paddy harvesting operations on the quality of milld rice. Rice varieties used for the experiment were MINEHIJARI variety a japonica and SUWEON 264 vareity , a sister-line of TONG-IL . Sun-drying days after the paddy cutting, times of storm occurrance during sun-drying period, and storm duration were treated as variables. The results is summarised as follows : 1. Brown rice recovery exposed to rainfall during the sun-druing period were ranged 81.6-82.1% and 79.4-80.2% for MINEHIKARI and SUWEON 264 varieties, respectively. which showed negligible effect by rainfall. 2. Milling recovery of MINEHIKARI variety was not affected by storm duration but by the by the sun-drying days after cutting as the sun-drying days increased to eight and four days when the variety met the rainfall one and two times, respectively. The range of milling recoveries of MINEHIKARI variety were 75.18-74.07% and 75.24-73.46% as the variety met the rainfall one and two times, respectively, and it were estimated that up to 0.9% and 1.5% of milling recovery would be reduced by one and two times of rainfall during sun-drying period. 3. The milling recovery of SUWEON 264 variety was affected only by the increase of drying days after cutting when it met one time of rainfall during the sun-drying period, while it was begun to reduce by the storm duration more than 11hours as the drying paddy met two times of rainfall. The milling reveries of the paddy met one and two times of rainfall were ranged 74.24-73.21% and 74.02-72.36% which were estimated to be reduced up to 0.9 % and 1.8% by the increase of the drying days after cutting and storm duration , respectively. 4. The head rice recovery of MINEHIKARI rice variety showed notable decrease as the drying days after cutting increased, and also it was greatly reduced even by the five hours of storm duration when one time of rainfall occurred but it was not affected by storm duration when the rainfall occurred two times. Head rice recoveries of MINEHIKARI met one and two times of rainfall during the sun-drying period were 65. 15 -40.85% and 61.86 - 30.03 %, which showed terrible reduction as much as up to 25% and 35% compared to that which did not met rainfall during the sun-drying process. 5. Head rice recovery or SUWEON 264 variety was very much reduced as the sum-drying days after cutting increased. Storm duration less than five hours during the sun-drying process did not affect on the decrease of head rice recovery when the variety was exposed to one time of rainfall, while storm duration affected considerably on the reduction of head rice recovery of SUWEON 264 variety exposed to two times of rainfall. The range of head rice recovery, 56.43 - 33.94% and 51.28 - 21.03% , for the paddy exposed to rainfall one and two times were evaluated that up to 24% and 37% of reduction in head rice recovery would be brought about compared to the head rice recovery of the sundriedpaddy that did not met the rainfall.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 한국건설관리학회 2004년도 제5회 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.447-450
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• 2004

The domestic construction industry have focus on duration than construction cost. But recently it have interesting to The domestic construction industry, social requirement is changing. At the moderate speed duration has other angle of reducing cost and management of efficiency. specially Apartment building construction process is similar to other construction industry so it Is obtain a strong Point. This study on, A Target of construction industry is short duration than other it, general construction duration in summary schedule of level is studied, is based and construction duration for the point it is indicated reduction duration

• MALSORI
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• 제54호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

This paper presents durational characteristics of Korean distant-talking speech using speech data, which consist of 500 distant-talking utterances and 500 normal utterances of 10 speakers (5 males and 5 females). Each file was segmented and labeled manually and the duration of each segment and each word was extracted. Using a statistical method, the durational change of distant-talking speech in comparison with normal speech was analyzed. The results show that the duration of words with distant-talking speech is increased in comparison with normal style, and that the average unvoiced consonantal duration is reduced while the average vocalic duration is increased. Female speakers show a stronger tendency towards lengthening the duration in distant-talking speech. Finally, this study also shows that the speakers of distant-talking speech could be classified according to their different duration rate.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• 제32권
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• pp.299-309
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• 1997

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.21-24
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• 2005

This paper presents durational characteristics of Korean Lombard speech using data, which consist of 500 Lombard utterances and 500 normal utterances of 10 speakers (5 males and 5 females). Each file was segmented and labeled manually and the duration of each segment and each word was extracted. The durational change of Lombard effect in comparison with normal speech was analyzed using a statistical method. The results show that the duration of words with Lombard effect is increased in comparison with normal style, and that the average unvoiced consonantal duration is reduced while the average vocalic duration is increased. Female speakers show a stronger tendency towards lengthening the duration in Lombard speech, but without statistical significance. Finally, this study also shows that the speakers of Lombard speech could be classified according to their different duration rate.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2015

This study was conducted to study the factors inducing micro-cracking and determine proper practices to reduce its occurrence in 'Mansoo' pear fruits. Micro-cracking was observed on ripe fruits. Occurrence of micro-cracking was closely related to sun duration time in August. Micro-cracking occurred severely with shorter sun duration, but weakly with longer sun duration and continuous sunlight. Micro-cracking fruits occurred more frequently in trees with a pergola training system than in those with Y-trellis, but there was no difference between the irrigated and non-irrigated groups. While no micro-cracking was observed without fruit bagging, micro-cracking occurred in fruits with black and yellow outer paper bagging at rates of 62.2 and 17.3%, respectively. Our results suggest that the light condition was the most important cause of micro-cracking because the occurrence of micro-cracking in 'Mansoo' fruits was affected by factors including sun duration, trellis system and fruit bag color. We suggested that micro-cracking could be reduced in 'Mansoo' fruit by optimizing the light conditions with the proper trellis system, bagging color and summer pruning.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.141-159
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• 2017

The main purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence sleep duration and sleep time poverty in terms of family characteristics, child characteristics, and time use. A series of data analyses were conducted on children's time use in two-parent families based on the 2013 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. One major finding is that children's sleep duration and the probability of having a sleep time poverty are related to their mothers' job classifications. The factors influencing the duration of sleep time and the sleep time poverty are similar in terms of family characteristics and children's time use. The mother's job classification, family income, number of younger siblings, number of older siblings, children's private tutoring hours, computer game hours, and TV hours are statistically significant factors affecting the duration of sleep time and the probability of having a sleep time poverty. However, the factor with greatest influence on sleep time duration is private tutoring hours and the factor most affecting sleep time poverty is computer game hours. The mother's job classification is a relatively powerful determinant for predicting her children's sleep duration and sleep time poverty.

• Speech Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics in duration and amplitude of the submental muscle activities during dry and wet swallowing. We examined the middle suprahyoid muscle activities in 32 normal adult women during three swallowing conditions, that is, dry as well as 5 mL & 10 mL water swallowings, using a surface EMG. From the results, there were significant differences in duration: the longest in dry swallowing and shortest in 5 mL water swallowing. However, the mean amplitude per msec increased as the duration decreased. This may imply motor equivalence in swallowing stating that duration and amplitude are complementary in order to achieve a given swallowing goal.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of pain, fatigue, and illness duration in elderly women with osteoarthritis. Methods: The subjects of the study were one hundred and thirty five elderly women (age over 65years) who have an osteoarthritis. Data were gathered from September 2002 to June 2005 using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the SPSS Win 11.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Pain in the elderly women with osteoarthritis correlated with fatigue (r= .447, p= .00). Pain showed a significantly positive correlation to illness duration (r= .197, p= .02). Fatigue showed a significantly positive correlation to illness duration (r= .213, p= .01). Conclusion: It is suggested that we need to develop the pain and fatigue control program considering illness duration should be provided for elderly women with osteoarthritis.