• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2009

We investigated the moth diversity on an island of southern sea of Korea. We collected moths at three sites on the island of Bogildo, Wando-gun, Jeonnam using a 22-watt ultraviolet light trap from May to October, 2008, and identified a total of 272 species and 948 individuals in 13 families. Species of Noctuidae was the most abundant, with 107 species and 318 individuals, followed by Geometridae (62 species and 147 individuals) and Pyralidae (53 species and 269 individuals). The graph of the estimated species richness in Chao 1 (432.25$\pm$37.39) did not reach an asymptote, which suggests that more moth species could be identified on the island through further sampling. An arctiid moth, Miltochrista striata, was the most abundant species captured in this study. Monthly changes in moth species richness and abundance formed M-shaped curves, with peaks in early summer (June) and late summer (August). Cluster analysis of seven sites on three islands (Aphaedo Island, Sinan-gun, Oenarodo Island, Goheung-gun and Bogildo Island) divided the sites into two groups. Distances among sites and habitat types may play an important role in determining the similarities of moth faunas among sites.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2007

The present study uses the GOES IR brightness temperature to examine the temporal and spatial variability of cloud activity over the region $25^{\circ}N-45^{\circ}N$, $105^{\circ}E-135^{\circ}E$ and analyzes the coherence of eastern Asian summer season rainfall in Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Time-longitude diagram of the time period from June to July 2005 shows a signal of eastward propagation in the WRF model and convective index derived from GOES IR data. The rain streaks in time-latitude diagram reveal coherence during the experiment period. Diurnal and synoptic scales are evident in the power spectrum of the time series of convective index and WRF rainfall. The diurnal cycle of early morning rainfall in the WRF model agrees with GOES IR data in the Korean Peninsula, but the afternoon convection observed by satellite observation in China is not consistent with the WRF rainfall which is represented at the dawn. Although there are errors in strength and timing of convection, the model predicts a coherent tendency of rainfall occurrence during summer season.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.449-454
• /
• 1992

Eight healthy Holstein bulls, 4-6 years old were used to study the effect of season of the year on the incidence of the morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. Semen was collected twice a week by A. V. over one-year period. The percentage of total abnormal spermatozoa was $14.1{\pm}0.5$. Ejaculates collected during hot summer season had significantly higher incidence of abnormal spermatozoa than those collected during winter time. Warm spring had moderate semen abnormality. In addition to its effect on the total number of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, season affected significantly the primary as well as the secondary types of abnormalities. The differences between incidence of primary and secondary types of abnormalities were not significant for all seasons and seasons pooled together. The ratio between the total forms of abnormality in the head, mid-piece and tail of spermatozoa was as 1:1.5:1. Head and mid-piece had defected more during summer compared with both winter and spring. There was no variation in tail abnormalities due to season. The significant effect of season on head was observed by large, pyriform, free and detached heads, while that on mid-piece was by swollen, coiled mid-pieces and protoplasmic droplets.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.2078-2082
• /
• 2009

Riparian vegetation distribution patterns and diversity relative to various fluvial geomorphic channel patterns, stream bank stabilization methods, and stream flow processes are described and interpreted for selected stream of Goesan, Central Korea. Idong Stream Pilot Project, which began in May 2003 and finished in December 2003, was selected to develop effective methods. The project aim to maintain or increase stream bank stabilization ecosystem goods and services while protecting downstream and stream bank ecosystem. A number of protecting methods which are a Flight of fieldstone, Vegetation block, Green river block, Stone net, Green environment block, Eco friendly cobble, Vegetation mat and Geo green cell and Firefly block were applied on the bank of Idong stream. The stream sites have been monitored about flora conditions each method in 2007. We selected 12 points for summer seasons to separately investigate in left bank, right bank and river bed. The main purpose of this study was to find out suitable methods and to improve stream restoration techniques for ecosystem. On the stream bank, Eco friendly cobble method(9.57) was the highest average of vegetation cover and Firefly block method(3.87) was the lowest average in applied methods.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.323-334
• /
• 2011

Suspended and sinking particles were collected in austral summer during ODP Leg 119 to the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Field work was carried out at four sampling sites in Prydz Bay. Two of these sites were located in the Outer Bay, and two in the Inner Bay. At the four locations, a total of ten deployments of a sediment trap array were made. The concentrations of chlorophylls and their degradation products both in suspended and sinking particulate matter in Prydz Bay were analyzed using HPLC. Chlorophylls a and c were the dominant algal pigments both in suspended and sinking particles. Because of the abundance of fecal pellets at Site 740, the mean fluxes at 200 m averaged 6 fold greater than that at 50 m. This implies that a dense swarm of zooplankters, presumably large copepods and/or salps, may "feed and excrete" mainly in between 100-200 m depths at this site, closest to land in Prydz Bay. Interestingly, The flux of phaeophorbide a was generally similar in magnitude to that of chlorophyll a throughout the study areas. This is an evidence that materials escaping from near-surface regions in austral summer derive mainly from the gazing of zooplankters. "New production" from sediment-trapped CHL pigment fluxes in Prydz Bay was estimated using f-ratio of 0.15, ranging from 520 to $1,605\;{\mu}gC\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1983

The objective of the study is to obtain the basic data to establish the standard value of proper clothing weights in the change of thermal environment. For the purpose of this research, clothing weight and thermal sensation have been collected from 160 college student in Seoul and Kwangju area in April, July, October. Results are as follows : 1. Subjects were in Comfortable condition, particularly in Spring and Autumn. But in summer they were in warm condition and the case were reversed in winter when they were under cool condition. 2. The frequency of comfortable thermal sensation were low below 16.5 degree, above 27.5 degree, and were high between 16.5 degree and 23 degree on room temperature. 3. Generally, the positive correlation were found between clothing weights and thermal sensation. 4. Clothing weights and thermal comfort were as follows. Season : Spring, Autumn, Room Temperature(${\circ}C$) : 16.3$\~$23, Clothing Weights($g/m^2$) : 589.9$\~$750.6, Season : Summer Room Temperature(${\circ}C$) : 27$\~$32, Clothing Weights($g/m^2$) : 362.4$\~$432.5, Season : Winter, Room Temperature(${\circ}C$) : 12.5$\~$19.3, Clothing Weights($g/m^2$) : 913.7$\~$1206.2

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2004.05b
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2004

In this study, properties of organic pollutans were examinated using simultaneous determination from Kwang-Yang Bay, Ka-Mac Bay, Ywan-Do, Hae-Nam, Young-Kwang, Mokpo in Southwest coastal sea. As result, score species of organic pollutants detected coastal sea during summer-winter season Many species of Phenols and Phthalates detected regardless of season in several point Especially, Pesticiides reprosented during summer between Kwang-Yang Bay, Ywan-Do, Hae-Nam. But in winter-season, many species of Aromatic compounds analyzed out in Kwang-Yang Bay. This results consider by pollution of organic pollutans from ship, flow hrbor, estuary, bay.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.284-290
• /
• 2016

Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology can be used to assess impacts on the environment that might be generated during treatment of wastewater and sludge treatment. In this work, LCA methodology was suggested to evaluate monthly environmental impact of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Two field scale WWTPs, A2/O process and conventional activated sludge process (CAS), were selected as target plants and the operational data were collected from those plants. As the function units, the unit volume of treated wastewater of $1m^3$ and 1 kg T-N eq. removed were selected. The environmental effect of target WWTPs operation were assessed as impact categories such as global warming potential, eutrophication potential, and so on. From monthly profiles of each index, it was shown that the environmental impact of WWTPs has seasonal patterns influenced by the influent flow rate variation causing higher impacts in winter than summer. This is due to the fact that there were no significant increase in the electricity consumption and chemical usage during the summer while the treated volume of wastewater was increased.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.1037-1043
• /
• 2014

We extensively observed macroalgal assemblages of species composition and biomass of summer benthic marine algae at Dokdo in the East sea of Korea. A total of 102 species (12 Chlorophyta, 36 Phaeophyta, and 54 Rhodophyta) were identified in quadrats and were analysed qualitatively to define the variation patterns. Biomass in dry weight according to various depths ranged between 146.0 to 764.2 g m-2 at study sites. Mean biomass at the investigated sites was greater in the 10m depth range than in the 5 and 15m depths at Dongdo. The flora could be classified into six functional groups: coarsely branched form (51.0%), filamentous form (17.7%), thick leather form (15.7%), sheet form (5.9%), jointed calcareous form (4.9%) and crustose form (4.9%). The R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P value were 1.67, 0.50 and 2.17, respectively. The number of marine algae species and the biomass in Dokdo area were markedly reduced as compared with those in the previous studies. This result suggests possible future changes in the algal vegetation, considering coastal marine environment of this area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.103-119
• /
• 2007

We have analysed the observed surface and vertical meteorological data to get atmospheric information over the Busan metropolitan area. For this, we have selected 10 days in all season such as spring, summer I(Jangma season), summer II(hot season), autumn and winter. The result which have performed cluster analysis using atmospheric data represented that these days are included to most frequently appeared synoptic cluster. We have simulated wind field around Busan metropolitan area which is assigned as $1km^2$ using RAMS. The calculated air temperature and the wind speed was similar to the observed the that, and the trends of daily variation showed good agreement. RMSE and IOA also showed reliable value. These results indicated the RAMS is able to simulate and predict detailed atmospheric phenomenon.