• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.748-756
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• 2009

The key for cultivating Lentinula edodes in sawdust bags with an appropriate strain and medium is to encourage the mushroom growth, while discouraging contaminating fungi by controlling environment, especially temperature and relative humidity (RH). To investigate the daily and seasonal fluctuation of temperature and RH in two L. edodes cultivation sheds types, HOBO data loggers was set and the collected data were analyzed. In a Taiwan type L. edodes cultivation shed, temperature and humidity changes were divided into five characteristic periods: mycelium growing winter, mushroom fruiting spring, mushroom fruiting early summer, mushroom nonfruiting summer and mushroom fruiting autumn. First, the mycelium growing winter was December to early March with daily mean temperature of $-1{\sim}8^{\circ}C$. Second, mushroom fruiting spring was mid March to late May with daily mean temperature of $8{\sim}21^{\circ}C$ and day-night temperature difference of $15^{\circ}C$. Third, the Mushroom fruiting early summer was early June to early July with 17 to $25^{\circ}C$. Fourth, nonfruiting summer was mid July to mid August with daily mean temperature of $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$. Lastly, mushroom fruiting autumn was late August to October with daily mean temperature of $10{\sim}23^{\circ}C$ and with cyclic temperature change by $7^{\circ}C$ decrease and 5 increase every 5 to 7 days. In a Chinese type shed, temperature ranged $-1.9{\sim}5.0^{\circ}C$ during winter and $15{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ during June to October. Temperature and relative humidity changed $12{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and 40~100%, respectively, depending on 0~150 cm shelf heights of by positions in the shed. In conclusion, to grow L. edodes but to discourage contaminating fungi, that is, not to be too high in temperature and RH, the growers changed temperature and RH by adjusting shading, aeration and insulation in the shed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2006

A potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Superior) cultivar was grown in aeroponic cultivation system to investigate the effect of root zone cooling in summer. Based on their nutrient uptake, growth responses, and tuberization, the possibilities for potato seed production were determined. Although shoot growth and early tuberization increased in the conventional non-cooling root zone system (root zone temperature of $25\pm2^{\circ}C$), stolen growth, photosynthesis, transpiration rate and number of tubers produced were higher in the cooling root zone system ($20\pm2^{\circ}C$) than in the non-cooling system. Increasing root zone temperature above $25^{\circ}C$ stimulated absorption of K more than T-N, P, Ca, Fe and Mn. On the other hand, root zone temperatures in the range of $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ did not affect Mg contents. The lower uptake and supply to leaves of T-N, Fe and Mn at the high root zone temperature promoted early tuberization and advanced haulm senescence. The results stress the importance of keeping root zone temperature to as low as below 20, particularly in summer under temperate Bone.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the appropriate hydroponic system when cherry tomatoes were grown in summer. The base diameter of the trunk, leaf length, leaf width, and the length of cluster were good in deep flow culture(DFC), and not different between NFT and rockwool culture. The first time of flowering and the fruit coloring per cluster were not different among cultural systems, but the marketable yields were good in DFC. In DFC, ％ dry weight, firmness, the content of organic acid and sugar were low, and the ratio of sugar/organic acid and vitamin C were high. So DFC is recommended for the summer cultivation of cherry tomatoes.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 1994

Since it is difficult to expect the normal production of plants in greenhouses during hot summer season in Korea, certain provisions on the control of extreme environmental factors in summer should be considered for the year-round cultivation in greenhouses. This study was carried out to find a method to suppress the temperature rising of nutrient solution by cooling, which is able to contribute to the improvement of the plant growth environment in hydroponic greenhouse during hot summer season. A mechanical cooling system using the counter flow type with double pipe was developed for cooling the nutrient solution efficiently. Also the heat transfer characteristics of the system was analysed experimentally and theoretically, and compared with the existing cooling systems of nutrient solution. The cooling capacities of three different Systems, which used polyethylene tube in solution tank, stainless tube in solution tank, and the counter flow type with double pipe, were evaluated. The performance of each cooling system was about 41 %, 70% and 81 % of design cooling load in hydroponic greenhouse of 1 ,000m$^2$ on the conditions that the flow rate of ground water was 2m$^3$/hr and the temperature difference between two liquids was 10 ˚C According to the results analysed as above, the cooling system was found to have a satisfactory cooling capability for regions where ground water supply is available. Fer the other regions where ground water supply is restricted, more efficient cooling System should be developed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.374-383
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• 2023

Capsicum annuum (CA) is grown outdoors across fields in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. The weeds surrounding these fields were investigated regarding the infection of 11 viruses infecting CA during the year 2014-2018. In the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnosis, 546 out of 821 CA samples (66.5%) were infected by nine viruses, and 190 out of 918 weed samples (20.7%) were infected by eight viruses. Correlation analysis of the mutual influence of the viruses infecting CA and weeds during these 5 years showed that five viruses had significant positive correlations with the infection in both CA and weeds. Over the study period, the weeds infected by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in the previous year were positively correlated with the incidence of CMV infection in CA in the current year, although the correlation was lower for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) compared to CMV. The CMV infection percent was 14.0% in summer annuals, 11.4% in perennials, and 7.8% in winter annuals. However, considering the overwintering period without CA, the infection percent was 5.2% higher in winter annuals and perennials than that in summer annuals, indicating that winter annual and perennial weeds served as the main habitats for insect vectors. The TSWV infection percent in weeds was 10.4% in summer annuals, 6.4% in winter annuals, and 6.2% in perennials. The weeds surrounding CA fields, acting as the intermediate hosts, were found to be the potent sources of infection, influencing the spread and diversity of CA-infecting viruses. The results of this study can contribute to prevent viral infection in agricultural fields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 1983

In order to obtain basic date for the cultivation and the breeding of double zero varieties of rapeseed, spring nature grade were investigated. Spring nature grade could be classified to 8 classes by the method of material maturity. The double zero varieties, Ⅶ group of spring adaptability has been developed from the cross "Oro" and "Midas" classified as summer type. A significant negative correlation was found between the spring adaptability and seed yield. On the other hand, a highly significant negative correlation was found between maturation and spring adaptability, cold resistnce and spring adaptability, plant from and spring adaptability. Ⅵ and Ⅶ group close to summer type showed spring growing adaptability, and 0, I and II group were appeared as winter type, autumn growing adaptability with cold tolerance.with cold tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 2012

Seasonal differences of the cultivable bacterial communities associated with the marine sponge, Hymeniacidon sinapium, between spring and summer were analyzed through the Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). For the cultivation of the bacterial isolates, modified Zobell and MA media were used. The 16S rDNA of individual strains were amplified and fragmented by using two restriction enzymes, HaeIII and MspI. As a result, 23 ARDRA types from the spring sponge and 28 types from the summer sponge were obtained. The partial sequencing result of 1 to 3 selected strains from each types showed over 94% similarities with the known species from the public database. The bacterial communities from the sponge, captured on spring, contained 4 phyla: Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes. There were 5 phyla observed from the bacterial communities associated with the sponge, captured on summer: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Gammaproteobacteria was predominant group in both spring and summer, accounted for 33.8% of total in spring and 67.4% in summer, showed increase pattern on summer. Because Firmicutes and Actinobacteria participated in 30.2% and 8.3% of the spring sponge while they represented only 6.9% and 0% of the summer sponge, both bacterial groups showed decrease drift on summer. Betaproteobacteria (4.7%) and Bacteroidetes (4.7%) were only observed on the sponge captured on summer. On the sponge, Hymeniacidon sinapium, more diverse bacterial communities were shown on summer than on spring, and even from the same sponge, there were seasonal differences.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2011

The growth, yield and quality of Sedum sarmentosum between soil and hydroponic cultivation were compared to produce high-quality shoots in summer season. The plants were collected from four places in Korea and cultivated in a plastic film house with 50% shading. A 1:1:1 mixtures of sand, upland soil and substrate (N-P-K: 330-220-400 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) was used for soil cultivation, and a nutrient film technique (NFT) with Yamazaki-lettuce nutrient solution used for hydroponics. After 30 days of cultivation, plant height ranged from 18.4 to 21.8 cm and showed no significant difference between soil and hydroponic cultivation. Number of shoot, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaf, fresh weight, and dry weight significantly increased in hydroponics compared to those in soil cultivation. Fresh and dry weights in hydroponics were greater in 'Gunsan' and 'Wando' collections than those in other collections. Stem diameter and compression-force significantly increased in soil cultivation rather than hydroponics with significant differences among collections. However there were no significant differences in shoot bitterness and vitamin C content between cultivation methods or among the collections. Most mineral contents except Fe in hydroponics were higher than those in soil cultivation. K, Na, Zn contents in hydroponics were over 2 times higher than those in soil cultivation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.288-292
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.160-160
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• 2022