• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.351-376
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• 2016

This study examines optimal emission taxes and welfares in mixed duopoly markets where public and private firms produce differentiated goods and emit pollutions. Both comparing quantity and price competitions and comparing simultaneous and simultaneous games provides the followings findings: First, irrespective of competition modes between quantity and price competitions or simultaneous and sequential games, the optimal emission tax is always lower than marginal environmental damage. Second, emission tax under private leadership is the highest in quantity competition while that under public leadership is the highest in price competition. Third, environmental damage under Cournot and private leadership is worsened in quantity competition while that under public leadership is worsened in price competition. Finally, welfare under Bertrand and public leadership is improved in price competition while that under private leadership is improved in quantity competition.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2016

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been investigated as a novel diagnostic imaging tool. The utilisation of this equipment has been evaluated through several studies in the field of dentistry. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine through basic experiments the effectiveness of OCT in implant dentistry. Materials and Methods: To assess detection ability, we captured OCT images of implants in each of the following situations: (1) implants covered with mucosae of various thicknesses that were harvested from the mandibles of pigs; (2) implants installed in the mandibles of pigs; and (3) implants with abutments and crowns fixed with temporary cement. The OCT images were captured before cementation, after cementation, and after removing the excess submucosal cement. Results: If the thickness of the mucosa covering the implant body was less than 1 mm, the images of the implants were clearly detected by OCT. In the implants were installed in pigs' mandibles, it was difficult to capture clear images of the implant and alveolar bone in most of the samples. Remnants of excess cement around the implants were visible in most samples that had a mucosa thickness of less than 3 mm. Conclusion: Currently, OCT imaging of implants is limited. Cement remnants at the submucosal area can be detected in some cases, which can be helpful in preventing peri-implant diseases. Still, though there are some restrictions to its application, OCT could have potential as an effective diagnostic instrument in the field of implant dentistry as well.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.117-123
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• 2012

Smart devices are great tool to get a lot of information of user by variety sensors, application, web. The information is good clue to seize pattern of user. So, we can expect that customized content-service will be possible based on utilizing information of user. This expectation alters the type of content-service from just providing lots of contents to smart devices to recommendation contents which wanted, needed, favorite looking by user. For this customized content-service, a system model like a curator in galleries or museums is required. So, in this paper, we suggest Intelligent Contents Curation(ICCuration) model which has 3 sub modules with sensing, analysis and filtering information of user. The collected information of user are processed up to scenarios and the scenario is a clue for selecting contents which will be recommended to users. In the scenario has user's preferences and behaviors as well as devices informations as elements. So, contents can be optimized not only domain category but type of media for devices.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2013

Recent lifeline with Internet and smart-phone is a new ICT-based revolution that has transformed the structure of economics and business activities in digital economy. This paper deals with some economic perspectives on the conceptual concerns on transaction costs and its applications to energy and environments, and glocalization strategies of e-business. First, we consider substantial differences between offline and online channel transactions and categorize three different aspects of transaction costs in the purchasing process in both channels. Second, we examine the impacts of e-business that affect sustainable environments and provide some considerations on energy savings, product-process design, and logistics. Finally, we present some opportunities and challenges posted by global e-business and outline the economics of networking in achieving enhanced performance and competitive advantage through glocalization strategies of e-business.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.70
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• pp.66-94
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• 2015

Postcolonialism, as a school of thought, has become enormously influential for understanding the recent phenomena of globalization. While rejecting the universalizing categories of the Enlightenment, postcolonialism has called into question the old idea of culture and identity as a transcendent regime of authenticity and purity. It has also celebrated the diasporic experiences that entail porous and hybrid cultural identities as a potential site of struggle and resistance against the dominant cultural and discursive order. It is argued, however, that postcolonial theory's emancipatory claims relating to the diversified global culture tend to be complicit with transnational capitalism that brings about global issues of material as well as cultural injustice. This article, through a thorough review of the ways the postcolonial theoretical framework has been developed and appropriated by main figures in postcolonial scholarship, seeks for a theoretical and critical strategy to grasp the complex conditions of global inequality.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.752-760
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• 2020

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), previously known as early mortality syndrome (EMS), is an emerging disease in shrimp caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Some V. parahaemolyticus strains are associated with foodborne diseases in humans. To date, studies on the relationship between AHPND and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus are very limited. In this study, we monitored the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) gene and AHPND-related genes, such as Photorhabdus insect-related (pir) genes, in 892 strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated and identified in 24 areas of the West Coast of Korea from May to October 2019. The trh gene was detected in 9.6% of the isolates from short neck clam samples. However, the pirA and pirB genes related to AHPND were not found in any of the isolates despite using both duplex and nested PCR assays, suggesting that AHPND-related genes were nonexistent in the V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated. This study contributes to the current understanding of the relationship between AHPND and V. parahaemolyticus in Korea, as well as provides data on spatial and seasonal distributions of V. parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.178-190
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify trends of nursing concept development in Korean journal papers to improve accurate understanding of nursing concepts. Methods: A systematic review of 216 concept development articles published from 1970 to 2018 that met the inclusion criteria was conducted using Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) databases. Results: The most common method of concept development was Walker and Avant's concept analysis method, identified in 139 (64.3%) of the 216 studies, followed by 48 examples of hybrid models (22.2%) and 15 examples of evolutionary methods (6.9%). Chinn and Kramer's method, Norris's clarification, Wilson's method, and others were also used. The concepts of "spirituality" and "fatigue" were most frequently analyzed. Among the 139 studies that used Walker and Avant's concept analysis method, 127 studies (91.4%) applied all the recommended steps; the others applied the recommended steps partially, omitting description of model cases/additional cases, antecedents/consequences, and empirical indicators. Among the studies using the hybrid model, among two (5.7%) did not describe attributes, three (8.5%) did not provide definitions, and 16 (45.7%) did not present empirical indicators in the final stage. Conclusion: Among concept development studies published in Korean journals, Walker and Avant's concept analysis method is most commonly used. In case of most studies using Walker and Avant's method a suitable concept analysis process is applied, but in case of other studies using the other concept development method, a suitable concept analysis process is not applied. Therefore, a suitable concept analysis process must be applied for concept development in nursing research.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2016

Rutin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside) is a bioactive flavonoid from the plant kingdom. Rutin has been studied as potential anticancer agent due to its wide range of pharmacological properties including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. Autophagy is a conserved intracellular catabolic pathway to maintain cell homeostasis by formation of autophagosome. Processing of autophagy involves various molecules including ULK1 protein kinase complex, Beclin-1-Vps34 lipid kinase complex, ATG5, ATG12, and LC3 (light chain 3). Cargo-carried autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes resulting in autophagolysosome to eliminate vesicles and degrade cargo. However, the actions of rutin on autophagy are not clearly understood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of rutin on autophagy and inflammation in cancer cell lines. Interestingly, rutin induced autophagy in leukemia (THP-1), oral (CA9-22), and lung (A549) cell lines. TNF-${\alpha}$, key modulator of inflammation, was upregulated by inhibition of rutin-induced autophagy. Taken together, these data indicated that rutin induced autophagy and consequently suppressed TNF-${\alpha}$ production.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.441-453
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• 2015

This paper review nursing performance in Korea to suggest the direction of future research. A literature review of research nursing performance journal articles was performed. Thirty-three articles were analyzed research design, measurement tools, definition, and variables which with nursing performance. Most of the on nursing performance in Korea descriptive correlation study. There considerable confusion about Korean term and definitions nursing performance. used the instrument developed by Park (1989) to measure nursing performance. The variables with nursing performance leadership and empowerment. No agreement on definitions or concepts of nursing performance evident in Korea. Research on nursing performance that addresses all domains of nursing is needed to analyze the impact of nursing performance on patient and healthcare outcomes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2018

Background: Explosive puffing can induce changes in the chemical, nutritional, and sensory quality of red ginseng. The antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of red ginseng and puffed red ginseng were determined in bulk oil and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Methods: Bulk oils were heated at $60^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ and O/W emulsions were treated under riboflavin photosensitization. In vitro antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhudrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content, were also performed. Results: The total ginsenoside contents of ethanolic extract from red ginseng and puffed red ginseng were 42.33 mg/g and 49.22 mg/g, respectively. All results from above in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that extracts of puffed red ginseng had significantly higher antioxidant capacities than those of red ginseng (p < 0.05). Generally, extracts of puffed red and red ginseng had high antioxidant properties in riboflavin photosensitized O/W emulsions. However, in bulk oil systems, extracts of puffed red and red ginseng inhibited or accelerated rates of lipid oxidation, depending on treatment temperature and the type of assay used. Conclusion: Although ethanolic extracts of puffed red ginseng showed stronger antioxidant capacities than those of red ginseng when in vitro assays were used, more pro-oxidant properties were observed in bulk oils and O/W emulsions.