• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2000

Cannabidiol derivatives (1, 2 and 3), and 5-fluorouracil (4, 5-FU) were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against human oral epitheloid carcinoma cell lines (KB) using two different 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. These compounds showed a potent inhibitory activity in vitro in the micromolar range against KB cell lines. In general, the antitumor activity of these compounds (1, 2, 3 and 4) was in a dose-dependent over the micromolar concentration ranges from $1\;{\mu}M\;to\;100\;{\mu}M$. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ values of these compounds in tumor cell lines shows that their susceptibility to these compounds decreases in the following order: CBD > 5-FU > CBDME > CBDDE by the MTT assay and SRB assay. Cannabidiol derivatives (1, 2 and 3), and 5-FU were tested for their cytotoxic effects on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts using two different MTT assay and SRB assay. These compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities in vitro in the micromolar range against NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In general, the cytotoxic activities of these compounds (1, 2, 3 and 4) were in a dose-dependent over the micromolar concentration range $1\;{\mu}M\;to\;100\;{\mu}M$. The comparison of $CD_{50}$ values of these compounds on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts shows that their susceptibility to these compounds decreases in the following order; CBD > 5-FU > CBDDE > CBDME by MTT assay, CBD > 5-FU > CBDME > CBDDE by SRB assay. These results suggest that cannabidiol (1, CBD) retains the most growth-inhibitory activity against KB cell lines.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 1998

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was reported to exert weak cytotoxicity against normal healthy cells such as C3H10T1/2 cells, but profound inhibitory effects on the initiation or promotion stage of chemical carcinogenesis in mammary gland, blood and mouse skin. This study was carried out to develop antitumor agents with weak side effects and strong antitumor activity. Human skin melanoma cells (HBT 69) and human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells (OCL 17) were cultured in RPMI-1640 media containing 10% fetal bovine serum, antibiotic, and fungizone. After incubation for 24 hrs, the cells were treated with various amounts of (EGCG) for 48 hrs. The growth inhibitory effects of EGCG in human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells were evaluated by the 3- (4,5-djmethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red (NR), and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assays of colorimetric methods. The light microscopic study was also carried out to observe morphological changes of the treated cells. These results obtained were as follows; 1. Significantly inhibitory effects of EGCG against cultured human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells. 2. Significantly inhibitory effects against cultured human skin melanoma cells treated with 50 $\mu$M EGCG, but decreased inhibitory effects in 100 $\mu$M EGCG. 3. Degenerative changes against cultured human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. 4. Degenerative changes against human skin melanoma cells treated with 50 UM EGCG, but recovered degenerative changes in 100 $\mu$M EGCG.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.278-283
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• 2003

Feasibility tests on using liposomes for detecting food-borne pathogenic bacteria were studied with E. coli 0157:H7 as a model analyte. lmmunoliposomes, whose surface was conjugated with anti-E. coli 0157:H7 IgG and which encapsulated the marker dye, sulforhodamine B, were used for the detection label. Among the feasibility tests, the first test was to use a test-strip on which antibodies to anti-E. coli O157:H7 IgG were immobilized. In this format, immunoliposomes that did not bind to E. coli O157:H7 in sample were captured and then exhibited a visible signal which was inversely related with the number of E. coli O157:H7 in sample. The second test was a direct liposome assay followed by immunomagnetic separation. In this format, immunoliposomes which were bound to E. coli O157:H7 were lysed with detergent and produced a signal which was proportionally related with the number of E. coli O157:H7 in sample. The results from both formats indicate that liposomes can be utilized as a detection label.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.483-489
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• 1997

Sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, RNA dot blot and Northern hybridization analysis were performed to screen microorganisms for the production of anticancer agent. Among microorganisms tested, strain YP-1 was selected for its cytotoxicity and ability to reduce the level of c-myc RNA. Strain YP-1 was identified as Streptomyces endus. The anticancer material produced by Streptomyces endus YP-1 was sequentially purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatograpby, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC. The cancer material identified as azalomycin B by the instrumental analyses such as $^{1}$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, Mass, IR and UV absorption. It was colorless amorphous powder and its molecular weight was 1025.278. Azalomycin B, produced by Streptomyces endus YP-1, showed anticancer activity against several human cancer cell lines and reduction of c-Myc protein level in Colo320 DM cells which was determined by Western blot analysis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2020

This study was performed to find anti-inflammatory or antitumor compounds from the polar fraction obtained from the extract of Clinopodium chinense var. shibetchense (H. Lev) Koidz (Labiatae). Chromatography of the BuOH fraction yielded two flavonoid glycosides (compounds 1 and 2) and two saponins (compounds 3 and 4). On the basis of spectroscopic data, compounds 1 and 2 were identified to be ponciretin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-D-glucopyranoside (neoponcirin) and naringenin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-D-glucopyranoside (isonaringin). Compounds 3 and 4 were identified to be 3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-fucopyranosyl}-saikogenin F (buddlejasaponin IV) and 3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-fucopyranosyl}-21β-hydroxysaikogenin F (clinoposaponin XV). In addition, ursolic acid (5) was isolated and identified from the CHCl₃ fraction. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) assay and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay were performed to lead a potential anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor compounds from C. chinense var. shibetchense. Of the four compounds (1 - 4), compound 3 considerably inhibited cancer cell growth and NO production (IC₅₀s, 5.59 μM in iNOS assay and 6.62 - 14.88 μM in SRB assay).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1855-1862
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• 2016

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a foodborne pathogen, posing a high risk of disease to infants and immunocompromised individuals. In order to develop a quick, easy, and sensitive assay for detecting C. sakazakii, a rabbit anti-C. sakazakii immunoglobulin G (IgG) was developed using sonicated cell protein from C. sakazakii. The developed anti-C. sakazakii (IgG) was of good quality and purity, as well as species-specific. The developed rabbit anti-C. sakazakii IgG was attached to the surface of a sulforhodamine B-encapsulated liposome to form an immunoliposome. A test strip was then prepared by coating goat anti-rabbit IgG onto the control line and rabbit anti-C. sakazakii IgG onto the test line, respectively, of a plastic-backed nitrocellulose membrane. A purple color signal both on the test line and the control line indicated the presence of C. sakazakii in the sample, whereas purple color only on the control line indicated the absence of C. sakazakii in the sample. This immunochromatographic strip assay could produce results in 15 min with a limit of detection of $10^7CFU/ml$ in C. sakazakii culture. The immunochromatographic strip assay also showed very good specificity without cross-reactivity with other tested Cronobacter species. Based on these results, the developed immunochromatographic strip assay is efficient for the detection of C. sakazakii and has high potential for on-site detection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.264-268
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• 1995

Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay was performed on the human lung carcinoma, A549 cell line to screen soil microorganisms for production of anti-cancer agent. Among 4, 265 microorganisms, 45 isolates were selected for their cytotoxicity and tested for their effects on the expression of c-myc by RNA slot blot and Northern blot analysis resulting in selection of No.2303 isolate. This No.2303 was identified as Streptomyces sp. by ISP classification and the chemotaxonomic analysis method. NO.2303 inhibited the expression of cmyc in Col0320 DM and A549 cell lines. The culture extract of No. 2303 also inhibited the progression of the cell cycle of Go in NIH 313 cells, implying that the extract also inhibited the expression of c-myc in NIH 313 cell.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.591-598
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• 2001

The photochemical study of Viscum album (Loranthaceae) led to the isolation of twelve compounds, lupeol (1), betulonic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), terminic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), $\beta$-sitosterol (6), $\alpha$- spinasterol (7), oleanolic acid (8) , 5-hydroxy-1- (4′-hydoxyphenyl) -7- (4"-hydroxyphenyl) -hepta-1- en-3-on (9), 2′-hydroxy -4′, 6′- dimethoxychalcone -4-O-glycoside (10) ,2′-hydroxy-4′, 6′-dimethoxychalcone -4-O- [apiosal(1longrightarrow12)]glucoside (11) and syringin (12). Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay against five cultured human tumor cell lines.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1689-1694
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• 2008

The ability to detect Salmonella spp. is essential in the prevention of foodborne illness. This study examined a Salmonella spp. detection method involving the application of immunomagnetic separation and immunoliposomes (IMS/IL) encapsulating sulforhodamine B (SRB), a fluorescent dye. A quantitative assay was conducted by measuring the fluorescence intensity of SRB that was produced from an immunomagnetic bead-Salmonella spp.-immunoliposome complex. The results indicated detection limits of $2.7{\times}10^{5}$ and $5.2{\times}10^{3}$ CFU/ml for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterka subsp. enterka serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), respectivley. The signal/noise ratio was improved by using 4% skim milk as a wash solution rather than 2% BSA. In addition, higher fluorescence intensity was obtained by increasing the liposome size. Compared with the conventional plating method, which takes 3-4 days for the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp., the total assay time of to h only including 6 h of culture enrichment was necessary for the Salmonella detection by IMS/IL. These results indicate that the IMS/ IL has great potential as an alternative rapid method for Salmonella detection.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 1998

In the present study, we have evaluated cytotoxic effects of Taraxaci Herba extract in human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. An antitumor activity was measured by colorimetric assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine protein B (SRB). The light microscopic study showed morphological changes, Ag-NOR (argyrophylic nucleolar organizer region) number and PAS positive reaction or the treated cells. These results obtained are as follows : MTT and SRB quantities were significantly decreased in cultured KB cells treated with 10$^{-2}$ /mg/ml and 10$^{-3}$ /mg/ml concentrations. The number of Ag-NORs were significantly decreased in cultured KB cells treated with 10$^{-2}$ /mg/ml and 10$^{-3}$ /mg/ml concentrations and the rate of Ag-NORs was shifted to left side (one Ag-Nounucleus was increased and five Ag-NORs/nucleus were decreased) by the high concentration. PAS reaction of cultured KB cells treated with 10$^{-2}$ /mg/ml and 10$^{-3}$ /mg/ml concentrations was negative. These results suggest that Taraxaci Herba retains a potential antitumor activity.