• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.378-381
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• 2001

Sulfamethazine has been widely used in swine for prevention or treatment of infections. Recently, the safety of the drug to consumers has been questioned because of carcinogenic effects. To prevent unwanted drug residues entering the human food chain, both government authorities and industries have established extensive control measures. The demands for reliable, simple, sensitive, rapid and low-cost methods for residue analysis of foods are increasing nowadays. In this study, we established a rapid prediction test for the detection of cattle with violative tissue residues of sulfamethazine. The recommended therapeutic dose of sulfamethazine (withdrawal time, 15 days) was administered to each of 10 cattle. Blood was sampled before drug administration and during the withdrawal period. The concentration of sulfamethazine in plasma, determined by a semi-quantitative ELISA, was compared to that of an internal standard (10 ppb). The absorbance ratio of internal standard to sample (B/Bs) was employed as an index to determine whether drug residues in cattle tissues were negative or positive. That is, a B/Bs ratio less than 1 was considered residue positive and if larger than 1 was considered negative. All 10 plasma samples from non-treated cattle showed negative to sulfamethazine. Sulfamethazine was detected in plasmas of treated cattle until Day 7 of withdrawal period. The present study showed that the semi-quantitative ELISA could be easily adapted in predicting residues of sulfamethazine in live cattle.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.571-575
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• 1996

Sulfamethazine sodium was orally administrated to Sprague Dawley female rats(body weight: 200~250g) with the sonde caude at the dose of 20mg of sulfamethazine sodium per 100g of body weight for 3 days to investigate the depletion rate of the drug from liver, kidney and muscle of rat. The results obtained were summerized as follows; 1. The mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in liver according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium were decreased from 1.27ppm at day 1 to 0.28ppm at day 4. 2. Sulfamethazine concentrations in kidney according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium were decreased from 0.77ppm at day 1 to 0. 12ppm at day 4. 3. The mean concentration of sulfamethazine in skeletal muscle according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium was at or below 0.09ppm within 4 days after withdrawl of medicated solution.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1994

Four sulfoanmides ; sulfamerazine ; sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole and sulfadimethoxine from muscle, kindney, liver and heart tissues of pork and chicken by LC. Residual sulfonamides were extracted with dichloromethane and determined on a Sperisorb ODS-1 column(250mm$\times$4.6mm id) with acetonitrile/water/acetic acid (30/70/0.3 v/v) as a mobile phase at 260nm. Recoveries from 4 tissues of pork and chicken samples fortified with 50 and 100 ppb were 71.2~87.2% and 73.7~89.6%, respectively. The detection limit was 0.03 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in each drug. Sulfamethazine in 5 samples of pork. And sulfadimethoxine in 5 samples and sulfamethazine in 3 samples were also detected from 41 samples of chicken. The order of residue levels of sulfonamides in tissues was kidney>liver>heart>muscle, respectively. The residue levels of sulfonamides from kidney and liver were 0.03~0.15 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in porks and 0.03~0.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in chickens.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.287-290
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• 1996

To control the maximum residue level (MRL) for sulfamethazine (SMZ) residues in pork tissue, a microbial inhibition method is a regulatory screening assay method in Korea. Microwell plate-based competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kit is avalable for routine screening of SMZ residues in pork tissue. One ELISA kit is evaluated. Phosphate buffer extracts of samples fortified with SMZ at 0, 1, 5, and 10 ng/g were used in a recovery test of the kit. Market pork samples were assayed by the kit. Recovery of sulfamethazine was 104% at 10 ng/g. Intraassay variations and interassay variations for the kit were 7.70% and 5.76%, respectively. Concentration causing 50% inhibition of color development compared with blanks was 16.4ng. The violative pork samples with over MRL (0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) was 4 of 32 cases (12.5%) by used ELISA kit. This result indicates a possibility of the ELISA kit for screening test of SMZ residues in pork tissue, and still needs a comfirmatory assay for mandatory purposes.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1990

This survey was carried out to determine sulfamethazine residues in urine, kidney and muscle of slaughtered pigs. For this investigation, 20 samples for export and 30 samples for domestic market were collected at slaughterplant in Anyang city from the early of November to the end of December and comparatively were analyzed by SOS test kit and HPLC the results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Five of 50 samples of swine urine which were inspected by SOS test kit were appeared to sulfamethazine positive 2. The sulfamethazine residue In one of 50 samples of swine muscle was exceeded 0.1ppm 3. The positive samples by SOS test kit were agreed with the results of HPLC quantitative analysis

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 1997

The sulfonamide is one of potentiative antimicrobial agents which is being used widely in veterinary medicine for control of several animal diseases such as mastitis as well as for promotion of growth. However, the misusages of sulfonamides in food producing animals, especially cattle produce several considerable problems in human health caused from residues of this antibiotic in milk product. To determine the most effective analytical methods for residual sulfonamides in raw milk, this study was performed comparatively using by some applicable screening detecting method such as TTC, Charm II test (sulfonamides), and Lactek tests (sulfamethazine kit). The positive result from screening tests was confirmed by HPLC method. Milk samples (540 raw milks) were collected from dairy farms. Results of this study are summariezed as follorrs ; 1. All samples (540 raw milks) showed negative response from TTC test, however, 18 raw milks of those samples responded positively to Charm II test. 2. By Lactek test, residual sulfamethazine was detected from 4 raw milks. Fifteen raw milks of 18 samples which were classified as positive one by Charm II test, showed positive response 3. Retention time of sulfonamides added at the level of 100ppb into sklm milk was ranged from 1.55 minute to 23.3 minute. Recovery rates of sulfonamides were variable from 6.7% upto 94.2% depended on the types of sulfonamlde. 4. Single type of sulfonamides was detected from 10 raw milk samples, 2 types of sulfonamides from 3 samples and 3 types from 2 raw milks by HPLC. 5. Sulfonamides was detected in this study were 5 types : 11 samples for sulfisomidine, 5 samples for sulfamethazine, 3 samples for sulfadlmethoxine, 2 samples for sulfathiazole and 1 sample for sulfadiazine. 6. The highest levels of residual sulfonamides was 210.3 ppb of sulfamethazine but the lowest concentration of residue was 2.2 ppb of sulfamethazine and sulfisomidine, respectively. Number of samples detected positively in this experiment were belows : above 100 ppb for 1 sample (4.5%) (sulfamethazine), 50~100 ppb for 4 samples (18.1%) (each 2 samples for sulfamethazine and sulfisomidine, respectively), 25~50 ppb for 6 samples (27.1%) (2 sulfisomidine, each 1 sample for sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole, respectively), 10~25ppb for 3 samples (13.7%) (3 sulfisomidine), and below 10ppb for 8 samples (36.4%) (4 sulfisomidine, 2 sulfadimethoxine and each 1 for sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.221-225
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• 1994

1992년 6월부터 1993년 6월에 걸쳐 본원에 의뢰된 전라남도 내에서 유통된 쇠고기 30건, 닭고기 15건과 도축장에서 임의로 채취한 돼지고기 10건, 돼지신장 10건에 대해 HPLC법을 이용하여 설파제 잔류농도와 회수율을 분석하였다. 식육중 설파제 첨가 회수율은 sulfamerazine 71.7%, sulfamethazine 80.3%, sulfamonomethoxine 71.6%, sulfadimethoxine 70.9, sulfaquinoxaline 68.4%로 나타났으며 설파제 첨가 농도에 따른 회수율의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 총 65건중 국내잔류허용 기준치인 0.1 ppm을 초과한 경우는 한건도 없었으며, 일본 허용기준치인 0.005 ppm을 초과한 경우는 닭고기 2건(sulfamerazine 0.077 ppm, sulfamethazine 0.075 ppm)과 돼지신장 1건(sulfadimethoxine 0.052 ppm)으로 총 3건(4.6%)이었으며, 돼지고기에서는 검출되지 않았거나 극미량(<0.005 ppm) 검출된 경우라도 신장에서는 고기에서보다 높은 농도로 검출되어 고기보다 신장의 잔류농도가 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1993

고속액체크로마토그라피를 이용하여 계란 중의 합성항균제 설파메라진, 설파메타진, 설파디메톡신, 후라졸리돈, 죠렌 등의 잔류량에 관한 신속하고 간편한 동시분서법을 검토하였는데, 각 합성항균제 표준용액을 첨가하여 나타난 회수율은 설파메라진 81.2%, 설파메타진 87.6%, 설파디메톡신 92.5%, 후라졸리돈 86.1%, 죠렌 73.9%로 나타났으며, 검출한계는 설파메라진, 설파메타진, 설파디메톡신이 0.2ppb 수준으로 나타났고, 후라졸리돈과 죠렌 0.5ppb 수준으로 나타났다. 본 분석방법으로 대구지역 시판계란 84개에 대한 잔류량을 조사한 결과, 설파메타진 3개 계란, 설파디메톡신이 4개 계란에서 각각 0.005-0.008ppm과 0.012-0.019ppm 정도 검출되었으며, 설파메라진, 후라졸리돈, 죠렌은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 추정해 볼 때 설파메라진, 설파메타진, 설파디메톡신, 후라졸리돈, 죠렌의 계란내 잔류정도는 비교적 안전한 수준으로 나타났다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2003

This study was carried out to compare the antibiotic residues in the muscles of cattle and pigs from slaughter-houses in Seoul from 2000 to 2002 by EEC-4-plate, Charm II and HPLC methods. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Residual materials were detected from 41 samples(0.6%) by EEC-4-plate method from random sampling and 38 samples(12%) by Charm II method from directed sampling. 2. Violation rates were 0.3% by monitoring and 4.7% by surveillance program. 3. The 35 samples were classified as tetracyclines 30(86%), sulfonamides 4(11%), ${\beta}$-lactams 1(3%) and two samples simultaneously determined oxyteracycline plus sulfadimetoxine, and sulfamerazine plus sulfadimetoxine. 4. The highest residual concentration(ppm) of chlortetracycline, oxytetracyline, sulfamethazine, sufadimetoxine and penicillin were 0.5, 12.0, 6.4, 2.6 and 0.44, respectively.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 쇠고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기 중에 잔류하는 설파메라진(SMR), 설파메타진(SMT), 설파모노메톡신(SMMX), 설파디메톡신(SDMX), 설파퀴녹살린(SQX), 후라졸리돈(FZ), 죠렌(ZOL) , 에토파베이트 (EPB)등 합성항균제 8종에 대한 신속하고 간편한 동시분석 방법을 검토하였다. 동시분석파장으로 270nm, 이동상 용매로는 0.05M Oxalic acid : Acetonitile(22: 78), 시료 추출용매로 물과 디클로로메탄을 사용하였고 세정과정은 헥산/물. 물/디클로로메탄 분배를 이용하였다. 각 시료에 합성항균제 표준용액을 첨가하고 위의 과정을 거친 최종 추출액을 HPLCdp 주입하여 나타난 각 합성항균제의 분리는 좋았고, 각 시료에서의 대상 합성항균제들의 회수율은 쇠고기에서 74~99%, 돼지고기에서 73~99% 닭에서 75~96%로 나타났다. 검출한계는 SMR, SMT, SMMX, SDMX, EPB에서 5 ppb, SQX, FZ, ZOL에서 8ppb로 나타났으며 각 합성 항균제들의 흡수파장시험 및 pH 변화에 의한 피크분리실험에서 실제 업무수행 중에 검출된 약제를 다른 장비를 사용하지 않고 단지 HPLC만으로도 확인이 가능하였다.