• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.312-322
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• 2019

Background: Since 2003, Korea has consistently shown the highest suicide rate among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, and suicide remains the major cause of death. In particular, men are 2-3 times more likely to commit suicide than women, which called the 'gender paradox of suicide.' The areas with frequent suicide have spatially clustered patterns because suicide with a social contagion spreads around the neighborhood. The purpose of this study was twofold. The first was to estimate the hotspot areas of age-standardized male suicide mortality from 2008 to 2015. The second was to analyze the relationship between the hotspot areas and the regional characteristics for study years. Methods: The data was collected through the Korean Statistical Information Service. The study areas were 227 si gun gu administrative districts in Korea. The hotspot area was used as a dependent variable. Socio-demographic variables (number of marriages per 1,000 population, number of divorces per 1,000 population, and urbanization rate), financial variables (financial independence and social security budget), and health behaviors (EuroQol-5 dimension [EQ-5D], and depression experience rate) were used as independents variables. Results: The hotspot areas were commonly located in Gangwon-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Chungceongbuk-do. According to the results of panel logit regression, the number of divorces per 1,000 population, social security budget, and EQ-5D were statistically significant variables. Conclusion: The results of hotspot analysis showed the need for establishing a prevention zone of suicide using hotspot areas. Also, medical resources could be considered to be preferentially placed in the prevention zone of suicide. This study could be used as basic data for health policymakers to establish a suicide-related policy.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2023

Background: International evidence shows that mining workers are at greater risk of suicide than other workers; however, it is not known whether this applies to the Australian mining sector. Methods: Using data from the National Coronial Information System, rates of suicide among male mining workers were compared to those of three comparators: construction workers, mining and construction workers combined, and all other workers. Age-standardized suicide rates were calculated for 2001-2019 and across three intervals '2001-2006', '2007-2011', and '2012-2019'. Incidence rate ratios for suicide were calculated to compare incidence rates for mining workers, to those of the three comparative groups. Results: The suicide rate for male mining workers in Australia was estimated to be between 11 and 25 per 100,000 (likely closer to 25 per 100,000) over the period of 2001-2019. There was also evidence that the suicide rate among mining workers is increasing, and the suicide rate among mining workers for the period 2012-2019 was significantly higher than the other worker group. Conclusions: Based on available data, we tentatively deduce that suicide mortality among male mining workers is of concern. More information is needed on both industry and occupation of suicide decedents in order to better assess whether, and the extent to which, mining workers (and other industries and occupations) are at increased risk of suicide.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2019

Suicide is a major public health issue that causes over 800,000 deaths each year globally. Korea ranks high in suicide rates, in which around 24.3 per 100,000 individuals are reported to have died by intentional self-harm in 2017 according to Statistics Korea. The aim of this study was to examine the current status and trend of suicide ideation and attempt using data from the following five sources: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANES, '07-13, '15-17), Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS, '08-09, '13, '17), Korean Wealth Panel Study (KOWEPS, '12-17), Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, '10-13), and Statistics Korea (1983-2017). Suicide ideation and attempts were also further examined based on equalized household income levels. Data published by Statistics Korea were used to show the updated suicide rate and number of deaths by intentional self-harm. The rate of suicide ideation at the recent year was 4.73% (KNHANES, '17), 6.96% (KCHS, '17), 1.63% (KOWEPS, '17), and 5.39% (KHP, '13). That of suicide attempts as recent year was 0.71% (KNHANES, '17), 0.32% (KCHS, '17), and 0.09% (KOWEPS, '17). Annual percentage change of suicidal ideation was -15.4% (KNHANES, '07-17), -2.5% (KCHS, '08-17), -8.6% (KOWEPS, '12-17), and -10.9% (KHP, '10-13). Annual percentage change of suicide attempts was -4.0% (KNHANES, '07-17), -4.4% (KCHS, '08-17), and -14.9% (KOWEPS, '12-17). Individuals with lower income levels were more likely to experience suicide ideation and attempts. Considering that Korea still shows a high suicide rate despite the continuously decreasing trend of suicide ideation and attempt, continuous observation and appropriate policy implementation regarding suicide related problems are necessary.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare suicide mortality by region in South Korea. Method: Suicide mortality differentials were calculated for several mortality indicators by geographical regions from raw data of the cause of death from KNSO. Results: The results are as follows; the Crude suicide death rate was 22.63 per 100,000. The highest was in Kangwon showing 37.84% whereas, Chungnam, and Jeonbuk followed after. Suicide was 4.4% of all causes of death, but Inchon and Ulsan showed a higher proportion. The male suicide death rate was 31.12 per 100,000 and females 14.09. The ratio of gender suicide mortality was 2.21, per 100,000 and was the highest in Jeju. For age-specific suicide death rates, the rate increased as age advanced, showing 2.33 per 100,000 in 0-19years, 18.68 in 20-39, 30.48 in 40-59, 63.33 in 60 years and over. In Ulsan, Kangwon, and Inchon, age-specific suicide death rates of the 60 and over age group were higher than other regions, Daegu, Busan, and Kangwon showed a higher age-specific suicide mortality of the 40-59 age group, and Kangwon, Jeonnam, and Chungnam had a higher age-specific suicide mortality of the 20-39 age group. Conclusions: Suicide mortality differed by region. These results can be used for a regional health care plan and planning for suicide prevention by regions.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2018

Suicide has been a public health issue in many countries, and Korea has ranked highest suicide rate among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over a decade. To address these issues, we updated the recent trends in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Korean adults followed by previous data observation. We used data from five sources: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANES, '07-12, '13, '15-16), Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS, '08-09, '13), Korean Wealth Panel Study (KOWEPS, '12-16), Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, '10-13), and cause of death data from Statistics Korea ('07-16). We used weighted frequencies and trend tests. The rate of suicidal ideation as recent year was 5.10% (KNHANES, '15), 8.95% (KCHS, '13), 2.08% (KOWEPS, '16), and 5.39% (KHP, '13). That of suicide attempts as recent year was 0.59% (KNHANES, '16), 0.41% (KCHS, '13), and 0.08% (KOWEPS, '16). Annual percentage change of suicidal ideation was -2.80% (KNHANES, '07-12), 5.78% (KNHANES, '13-15), 0.62% (KCHS, '08-13), -8.50% (KOWEPS, '12-16), and -10.94% (KHP, '10-13). Annual percentage change of suicide attempts was -3.84% (KNHANES, '07-12), 2.26% (KNHANES, '13-16), -2.53% (KCHS, '08-13), and -20.22% (KOWEPS, '12-16). Annual percentage change of death by intentional self-harm was -0.49% (Statistics Korea, '07-16). Individuals who had lower income level were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. According to these results, the rate of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts showed the decreasing tendency. However, the suicide rate of Korea has remained higher than that of OECD countries. Thus, continuous data observation and effective policies on suicide are needed.

• 법제연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.689-723
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• 2013

2011. 3. 자살예방 및 생명존중문화 조성을 위한 법률(이하 '자살예방법'이라 한다)이 제정되었다. 자살예방법의 제정의미는 사람의 삶의 일부인 질병을 넘어서 죽음을 막기 위한 국가적 개입의 시작을 의미하는 것이기도 하다. 그러나 국가는 이러한 법을 만들기 이전부터 자신의 본연의 임무로서 국민의 삶을 건강하게 보존시켜야 할 의무가 있어 왔다. 역사적으로 자살이 금지된 이유는 노예는 주인에게, 군인은 왕에게, 교인은 신에게 복속된 생명체여서 죽음을 자신의 뜻대로 할 수 없다는 의미를 가지고 있다. 역사에 나타났던 주인 왕 신의 역할을 현대 사회에서는 국가가 대신한다. 국가는 과거 주인이나, 왕, 신이 맡았던 역할을 대신하면서 국민의 자살행위들에 개입하기 시작한다. 자살자는 죽었기 때문에 처벌할 수는 없지만, 그에 개입하는 자살관여자(형법상 자살교사자, 자살방조자 등)를 처벌하고, 자살시도행위에 대해서는 건강보험급여를 제한하며(국민건강보험법 제53조에 의한 고의행위에 대한 급여제한), 군인의 근무기피 목적의 자상(自傷, 군형법 제41조)을 처벌한다. 사람의 의식적이고, 의도적인 자기생명의 절단은 주로 사회적 법적 보호들로부터 배제되어 있을 때 발생한다. 정신질환자 빈곤자 노령자 등의 자살이 높은 이유는 그들이 일정한 사회적 법적 보호들로부터 떨어져 나왔기 때문이다. 사회적 법적으로 보호받는 존재였다가 그러한 보호들로부터 배제되거나 탈락하는 것(이혼이나 해고) 또한 마찬가지이다. 정신질환 또한 사회적 배제의 장치가 작동되어 그를 법적 보호의 바깥에 두면서 그는 불안한 생명이 된다. 이러한 사회적 법적 배제의 시스템을 완화하고, 그러한 배제의 공간에 있는 사람들을 사회적으로 결속시키는 것이 자살예방의 근본적 해결책이 될 수 있다. 사회적 배제(social exclusion)의 시스템은 정신질환자뿐만 아니라 보통의 사람들에게도 삶의 두려움을 강화시켜 원하지 않는 자살을 부추긴다. 사회적 법적 배제의 완화를 위한 노력이 자살예방의 근본적 치유책이라 보고서 본 연구에서는 자살예방법을 사회적 법적 배제의 완화라는 관점에서 비판적으로 고찰해 본다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.535-543
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• 2019

본 연구는 국가채무가 자살에 이르는 경로를 찾고자 하였다. 변수는 GDP대비 국가채무비율(이하 '국가채무비율'), 생활물가지수, GDP대비 가계부채비율(이하 '가계부채비율)과 인구10만명당 연령표준화자살률(이하 '자살률)이며, 국가통계포털의 2001년부터 2015년까지의 표준화한 자료를 이용하여 기술통계, 경로분석을 실시하였다. 분석도구는 IBM SPSS 22와 Amos를 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 국가채무비율-생활물가지수-가계부채비율-자살률의 경로를 확인할 수 있었으며, 국가채무비율이 생활물가지수에 대한 직접효과는 0.954이며, 생활물가지수가 가계부채비율에 미치는 직접효과는 0.904이며, 가계부채비율이 연령표준화 자살률에 대한 직접효과는 0.675로 직접효과가 큰 값을 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 간접효과는 GDP대비국가채무비율이 가계부채비율로 0.862, GDP대비국가채무비율이 연령표준화자살률로 0.581, 생활물가지수가 연령표준화자살률로 0.610이 존재하였으나, p>0.05로써 유의미하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2013

Objectives: The study is aimed at examining the individual reasons and regional/environmental factors of online search on suicide using social big data to predict practical behaviors related to suicide and to develop an online suicide prevention system on the governmental level. Methods: The study was conducted using suicide-related social big data collected from online news sites, blogs, caf$\acute{e}$s, social network services and message boards between January 1 and December 31, 2011 (321,506 buzzes from users assumed as adults and 67,742 buzzes from those assumed as teenagers). Technical analysis and development of the suicide search prediction model were done using SPSS 20.0, and the structural model, nd multi-group analysis was made using AMOS 20.0. Also, HLM 7.0 was applied for the multilevel model analysis of the determinants of search on suicide by teenagers. Results: A summary of the results of multivariate analysis is as follows. First, search on suicide by adults appeared to increase on days when there were higher number of suicide incidents, higher number of search on drinking, higher divorce rate, lower birth rate and higher average humidity. Second, search on suicide by teenagers rose on days when there were higher number of teenage suicide incidents, higher number of search on stress or drinking and less fine dust particles. Third, the comparison of the results of the structural equation model analysis of search on suicide by adults and teenagers showed that teenagers were more likely to proceed from search on stress to search on sports, drinking and suicide, while adults significantly tended to move from search on drinking to search on suicide. Fourth, the result of the multilevel model analysis of determinants of search on suicide by teenagers showed that monthly teenagers suicide rate and average humidity had positive effect on the amount of search on suicide. Conclusions: The study shows that both adults and teenagers are influenced by various reasons to experience stress and search on suicide on the Internet. Therefore, we need to develop diverse school-level programs that can help relieve teenagers of stress and workplace-level programs to get rid of the work-related stress of adults.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2008

오늘날 우리는 자살사례를 쉽게 접할 수 있으며, 한국 사회에서 자살은 중요한 사회문제로 대두되었다. 우리나라의 자살 추세를 살펴보면, 연간 자살자수는 1990년 3,157명에서 2006년 10,688명에 이르기까지 지속적인 증가세를 보였다. 인구 10만명당 자살률은 1991년 9.1명에서 점진적으로 증가해오다가 1996년과 1997년에 각각 13.9명과 14.1명으로 소폭 상승하였으며, 외환위기를 맞은 1998년에 19.9명으로 대폭 상승하여 정점에 이르렀다. 그 이후 다시 감소하기 시작하여 2000년 14.6명과 2001년 15.5명을 기록하여 안정세를 되찾는 듯 하였으나, 다시 경기가 악화되기 시작하면서 2002년 19.1명, 2003년 24.1명, 2004년 25.2명, 2005년 26.1명으로 계속 증가하였다. 2006년에는 2000년 이후 6년 만에 자살률이 감소되었지만 23.0명으로 여전히 높은 실정이다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2019

Objective: Suicide has recently become an important social problem. Thus, we analyzed prescription drugs that cause suicidal ideation. Methods: Of 156 drugs on the the Minister of Food and Drug Safty (MFDS) EZ-Drug site that had "suicide" listed as a side effect, 78 had "suicide" listed as a warning or contraindication; those 78 drugs were analyzed using data from the 2016 Health Insurance and Review and Assessment Services National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS). Results: 51 "suicide risk" drugs was identified. Of all patients, 5.2% had received such drugs. The prescription rate was 0.8% of all prescriptions, accounting for 1.6% of all prescription days. From logistic regression analysis, the prescription rate for the drugs was approximately 1.1 times higher for women than for men. With regard to age, the prescription rate for patients 66 years and older was 15.5 times higher than those for patients 25-years and lower. With regard to medical departments, the prescription rates in psychiatry and dermatology departments were 8.1 times higher and 0.6 times lower than those in internal medicine departments, respectively. With regard to region, the prescription rates in Daegu and Jeju were 1.3 times higher and 0.79 times lower than those in Seoul, respectively. Conclusion: Drug-induced suicidal behavior is possible, and therefore efforts are needed to prevent it.