• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of nutritional education and exercise intervention on reduction and maintenance of weight. The subjects were 24 obese women whose body mass index(BMI) was over $25kg/m^2$. Nutritional education was performed once a week and swimming was done three times a week throughout this 12 week program. The subjects were recalled 1 month after the program was complete. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24 hour recall method. Also food habits, dietary behaviors and nutritional knowledge were investigated by self-administered questionnaires before and after the weight control program and one month after completing the program. Height, weight, body composition and blood levels were measured before and after the weight control program and one month after completing the program. During the 12 weeks of the weight control program, body weight significantly decreased from an average of 69.7kg to 65.8kg and to 65.1kg after one month(p<0.05). Body fat and BMI also significantly decreased(p<0.01). Cholesterol and blood sugar levels decreased after 12 weeks and increased one month after completing the program. After taking nutritional education, the nutritional knowledge scores increased. Calcium intake significantly increased after completing the education and one month after completing the program(p<0.01). Iron intake significantly decreased from an average of 12.1g to 11.3g after completing the program and increased to 15.5g one month after completing the progrom(p<0.001). We concluded that our nutritional education and exercise program was effective for reducing and maintaining weight.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 1999

Body fat-reducing ability of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) water extract (OMWE) was investigated of mice by supplying it drinking water. OMWE(2.95% solid content ) was prepared by extracting a low grade of the mushroom at 12$0^{\circ}C$ for 10min. The solid material of OMWE was composed of 65.2% reducing sugar, 0.23% crude fat, 0.5%total protein, 1.2% ash and 32.9% others. OMWE was appropriately diluted with drinking water. Seventy two male ICR mice(25$\pm$1 g, 7~8 weeks of age, 6 mice/cage, 18 mice/treatment) housed in polycarbonate cages containing $\beta$-chips were adopted in a temperature-and humidity-controlled facility with free access to water and diet. One week later, the mice were subjected to one of the treatments for 36days : 0 (control), 10, 50 and 100% OMWE. Drinking wter with or without OMWE was supplied twice (40ml each, 80ml in total ) daily per cage. Body weight and fed intake were recorded every three days. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed to determine the chemical composition (fat, protein, ash and water). Body weight of mice treated with OMWE (10, 50 and 100%) at day 36 was 35.9, 35.9and 35.5g per mouse , respectively, and not significantly reduced as compared to that (36.5g/mouse) of control mice. Average body fat of 0,10,50 and 10% OMWE -treated mice was 14.3, 13.1, 10.7 and 12.0% , respectively. Body fat reduction by 50% OMWE treatment was 25.2% (p<0.05) relative to control. OMWE did not affect feed intake. The contents of body protein and ash were increased with respect to body fat decrease, while water content was not changed much. These results suggest that OMWE could reduce body fat of the mice without body weight change, giving the best effect by 50% OMWE.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1975

The newborn human is the only mammalian whose mother does not have a food supply ready for it's offspring at birth. From two to four days usually elapse before the mother's supply If milk appears, and during this period, some kind of artificial feeding should be supplied to the infants. Because of this factor, there has been continued debate fog the past hundreds of years as to when the first feeding should be started Accordingly, many experiments were carried out by scholars and because of these, Pre-lateral feedings were believed to be necessary. Many types of pre-lateral feedings were tried and the conclusion was reached that glucose water was the best food for the first infants'feedings. Traditionally, This has been started 12 hours after birth. The causes for the 12 hours delay were thought to (1) provide rest for the infants: (2) prevent regurgitation ana vomiting which tended to be prevalent during this tine: (3) in cases of low weight infants, prevention of aspiration pneumonia. From recent studies of newborn physiology and as pediatric medicine has been rapidly advancing, many studies hare been carried out concerning the improvement of infant nutrition and the early feeding of infants has been emphasized. This author believes it would be very beneficial to try two different kinds of feedings for the infant. (1) experimental feedings ana (2) comparative feeding, and during this period to investigate and compare the infants blood sugar level, hematocrit, gamma globulin level weight changes and to observe the infant reaction ill order to search for a more desirable feeding program. This study was conducted from January to March 1974 with data related to 40 healthy newborn infants (male 21, female 19: weight, 2.79∼4.20㎏ : gestation, 39∼40 weeks) born at Ewha Womens University Hospital and the results obtained were as follows : 1. At time of birth the blood sugar level from the cord sample averaged 88.99㎎/100㎖, but the blood sugar level rapidly dropped after 2 to 3 hours and reached the lowest point after 10 to 11 hours (54.48㎎/100㎖) and rose again by the 24 hour time period (76.80㎎/100㎖). Changes in the blood sugar level of the experiments: groups and the compare-five group was not significantly different until the 6 to 7 hour period, but by the 10 to 11 hour period the blood sugar levels of the experimental group (49,10㎎/100㎖) and the comparative group (49.70㎎/100㎖) were lower than the remainder of the experimental groups. 9. There ware no significant weight changes between the two groups. Average weight at birth was 3.35㎏, but at the 24 hours period birth weight averaged 3.29㎏. (1.8% reduction of birth weight). It continually lowered until at 48 hours, average weight was 3.26㎏ (2.7% reduction from birth weight.) 3. Hematocrit readings showed no significant difference between the groups. Hematocrit, the average value at birth, was 28.07% and abruptly elevated to average 64.35% at the 2 to 3 hour period, then slowly lowered to an average of 59.67% at the 6 to 7 hour period, 55.10% at the 10 to 11 hour period, ana 53.70% at the 24 hour period. 4. At birth, average gamma globulin value averaged 1,39㎎/100㎖. and at the 24 hour period averaged 1,52㎎/100㎖ revealing no significant difference between the two feeding groups. 5. Such factors as voiding, passing of meconium, regurgitation and vomiting showed no significance between the two feeding groups. However, the number of infants voiding and passing meconium in the experimental groups during the first 12 hours was slightly greater. In general there was an increased tendency for regurgitation and. vomiting among a small group of the infants during the first 24 hours which thereafter decreased. 6. Fluid intake averaged 24.38cc at the first feeding and increased to average 30.48cc at the third feeding and further increased to 73. 00cc at the fifteenth feeding. Finally it was suggested that the most reasonable method of early feeding is to give less than 25cc of 5% glucose water and/or 8% powdered milk at 8 to 9 flours after birth in order to prevent hypoglycemia and dehydration.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.459-470
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• 2014

서울특별시 관악구에 위치하고 있는 인문계 고등학교 1학년~3학년에 재학 중인 남녀 고등학생 296명을 대상으로 스트레스 자각도, 스트레스 영역별 요인분석(가정생활, 학교생활, 친구 및 사회적 관계, 자기 자신), 스트레스 강도별 분류에 따른 식행동의 변화(식습관, 음식선호도, 간식섭취, 외식)를 분석한 후 요약하면 다음과 같다. 스트레스 자각여부는 여학생이 남학생보다 스트레스의 자각에 대한 인지도가 높은 결과를 보였고, 스트레스의 자각 정도는 남학생 및 여학생 대부분 보통 이상의 스트레스 강도로 자각하고 있는 결과를 보였다. 스트레스 강도에 따른 분류는 스트레스 평균점수 및 표준편차를 포함한 군을 중간군(1.78점~2.96점), 그 이하를 낮은군(1.78점 미만), 이상은 높은군(29.6점 이상)으로 분류하였다. 스트레스 영역별 평균점수는 스트레스 강도와 관계없이 남학생 및 여학생 모두 '자기 자신영역'과 '학교생활영역'에서 높은 평균점수를 보였으며 남학생은 여학생에 비해 '가정생활영역'에서 여학생은 '친구 및 사회적 관계영역'에서 상대적으로 높은 평균점수의 결과를 보였다. 스트레스 강도에 따른 식습관의 변화는 스트레스를 받은 후 남학생 및 여학생 모두 스트레스 강도가 높을수록 불규칙한 식사를 하는 비율이 증가하였고, 식사량은 스트레스를 받은 후 남학생은 감소한 반면 여학생은 증가하였다. 또한 스트레스를 받은 후 여학생의 높은군은 식사속도가 빨라지는 결과를 보였다. 스트레스를 받기 전 남학생 및 여학생은 스트레스 강도가 높을수록 아침결식이 많은 반면, 스트레스를 받은 후에는 스트레스 강도와 상관없이 저녁결식이 증가하였다. 음식선호도의 변화는 스트레스를 받기 전에는 스트레스 강도와 관계없이 '고기 생선 계란 콩류'의 선호도가 높았고, 스트레스를 받은 후에도 '고기 생선 계란 콩류'의 선호도가 가장 높았지만 '당류'의 선호도가 스트레스 받기 전보다 증가하였다. 선호하는 음식종류는 스트레스 강도와 관계없이 스트레스를 받은 후 '햄버거 피자'의 선호도가 증가하였다. 간식섭취의 변화는 스트레스를 받기 전 남학생 및 여학생 모두 스트레스 강도와 관계없이 '1회 섭취'가 대부분이었고 스트레스를 받은 후 남학생 및 여학생 모두 '2~3회 이상'을 섭취하는 비율이 증가하였다. 특히 여학생의 높은군은 '4~5회 및 6회 이상의 간식섭취' 비율 또한 증가하였다. 간식종류는 스트레스를 받기 전 남학생은 '빵류', '과자류'를 선호하였고 여학생은 '빵류', '과자류' 외에도 '과일 건강주스'의 선호도가 높았다. 스트레스를 받은 후에는 스트레스 강도와 관계없이 '분식류' 및 '피자 치킨 햄버거' 등 인스턴트식품의 선호도가 증가하였다. 외식의 변화는 스트레스를 받기 전 남학생 및 여학생 모두 스트레스 강도가 높을수록 '가족과 함께 외식'하는 비율이 감소하였고 스트레스를 받은 후 여학생이 스트레스 강도와 관계없이 '가족' 대신 '친구와 함께 외식'하는 비율이 증가하였다. 외식비용은 스트레스를 받은 후 스트레스 강도와 관계없이 전반적으로 증가하였고, 특히 여학생의 높은군이 가장 높은 상승률을 보였다. 스트레스 강도에 따른 음식섭취의 스트레스 해소정도는 남학생 및 여학생 모두 전반적으로 '음식섭취가 스트레스 해소에 도움이 된다'고 대답한 반면, 여학생의 높은군은 '음식섭취가 스트레스 해소에 전혀 도움이 안된다'고 답한 비율이 높았다. 결론적으로 스트레스 강도가 높을수록 불규칙한 식습관의 증가, 인스턴트식품의 섭취 증가, 간식섭취 빈도 증가, 외식 빈도 및 비용의 증가 등 부정적인 식행동으로의 변화를 유도하는 결과를 보였다. 따라서 청소년기의 스트레스를 해소시킬 수 있는 국가적 차원의 방안 및 프로그램 연구가 절실하게 필요하며 규칙적인 생활습관과 건전한 식행동을 유도할 수 있도록 지속적이고 올바른 영양교육이 요구된다.