• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1731-1737
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• 2007

This paper considers subway routing problem. Given a schedule of train to be routed by a railway stock, the routing problem determines a sequence of trains while satisfying turnaround time and maintenance restrictions. Generally, the solution of routing problem is generated from set partition formulation solved by column generation method, a typical integer programming approach for train-set. However, we find the characteristics of metropolitan subway which has a simple rail network, a few end stations and 13 departure-arrival patterns. We reflect a turn-around constraint due to spatial limitations has no existence in conventional railroad. Our objective is to minimize the number of daily train-sets. In this paper, we develop two basic techniques that solve the subway routing problem in a reasonable time. In first stage, we formulate the routing problem as a Min-cost-flow problem. Then, in the second stage, we attempt to normalize the distance covered to each routes and reduce the travel distance using our heuristic approach. Applied to the current daily timetable, we could find the subway routings, which is an approximately 14% improvement on the number of train-sets reducing 15% of maximum traveling distance and 8% of the standard deviation.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

In the present study, the wind pressure transients on platform screen door in island platform caused by a passing train are investigated numerically. The transient compressible 3-D full Navier-Stokes solution is obtained with actual operational condition of subway train and the moving mesh technique adopted for the train movement. To achieve more accurate results, detailed shape of train is included in a computational domain and the entrance and exit tunnel of platform are also modeled. Numerical analyses are conducted on three operational conditions of different velocity variation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.244-250
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• 2007

The electric train in the first line subway runs faster in the block from Suwon to Cheonan than the general block. The faster run results in the deterioration of ride quality due to the increase of noise and vibration. To reduce the noise and vibration of the electric train, a running test of the electric train was performed in the block from Suwon to Cheonan. The experimental results show that the sources of the noise and vibration basically comes from the irregularity of the railroad track and the connection part between car body and bogie. The possible countermeasure of the high speed electric train can be the reinforcement of the center pivot to have more flexibility and the frequent maintenance of electric train.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.99-100
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• 2007

Rapid developments of industry and economics have made a metropolis which demands an effective urban transport management system (UTMS). Specially, this paper considers a subway surveillance system based on integrated wireless LAN technologies for public safety. Since a current subway platform security entirely relies on conventional closed circuit television camera (CCTV) or human operators, subway train drivers cannot detect platform states and cope with abnormal situations or accidents immediately. However, through the IP cameras and some wireless routers, high qualify images of the platform conditions can be directly delivered to the train drivers and other station employees in advance of train entering the platform. In this paper, several design issues and problems are discussed when building up the subway management system. Further, we illustrate a system model with the system requirements in real parametric values in order to draw concrete system designs and to realize a practical implementation of the future UTMS.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the concentration of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in inside train and platform of subway 1, 2, 4 and 5 in Seoul, KOREA. $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide were monitored using Portable Aerosol Spectrometer at afternoon (between 13:00 and 16:00). The concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in inside train were monitored to be higher than those measured in platform. In addition, $PM_{10}$ concentration in both platform and inside train were found to be greatly higher than range of from 35 ${\mu}g/m^3$ to 81${\mu}g/m^3$ in ambient air reported by Ministry of Environment. This study found that there were many inside train in subway 1, 2, 4 line where exceeded 150 ${\mu}g/m^3$ of Korean PM10 standard. The average percentage that exceeded PM10 standard was 83.3% in line 1, 37.9% in line 2 and 63.1% in line 4, respectively. In particular, most of inside train in subway line 1 were over PM10 limit. PM2.5 concentration ranged from 77.7 ${\mu}g/m^3$ to 158.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$, which were found to be greatly higher than ambient air PM2.5 standard promulgated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) (24 hours arithmatic mean : 65 ${\mu}g/m^3$, year average : 15 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The percentage of $PM_{2.5}$ in $PM_{10}$ was 86.2% in platform, 81.7% in inside train, 80.2% in underground and 90.2% in ground. These results indicated that fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) accounted for most of $PM_{10}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.750-750
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• 2001

Todays, according to development of traffics, there are so many tunnels around us. Tunnels are used for trains, subway trains, cars, etc. Especially for subway, all of its routes are tunnels. So the noise of the subway train cannot radiated out of the station and the noise level in the station and train cabin is so high. There are some methods to reduce this noise and one of them is using absorbing materials. But the area of the tunnel and station is very large, so it is important to determine the effective position and amount of absorbing materials before attaching them. In this study, we studied the effect of sound absorbing materials in the tunnel using boundary element method. We applied BEM for general boundary conditions. With BEM calculations, we found the effect of absorbing materials and effective positions for the subway tunnel and station.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.145-150
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• 2003

The national subway went under construction in 1971, and after three years of endeavor, Seoul subway line number one opened for traffic in 1974. Line number two went under construction in 1978 and it opened for traffic in 1984. With the use of safety operation for more than 20 years, the life cycle nearly came to an end. Therefore the improvements for the safety operation are unavoidable. The total system should not be affected when the new and conventional systems are overlapped, the system operation is in the initial stage, and it confronts the situation of abnormal operation. However, there is a total lack of experience in construction and improvement for the trains that are in the use of large transport and density headway. In this paper, we propose an improvement method of the subway signalling system using ATO (Automatic Train Operation control scheme) to which the latest Digital ATC is applied, and examine the first application model of ATO system.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 1998

The rail, which supports the train road, distributes the wheel loads to the tie by rail stiffness. Subway sleeper on concrete ballast is construction of PC or RC sleeper. The present, PC sleeper is constructed of line 1, 2, 3, 4 Seoul Subway and RC sleeper is planing construction for the STEDEF system on concrete ballast of the line 5, Seoul, Taegu, and Kwangju Subway. The major purpose of this study is to check influence of the angle with analysising the behavior of sleeper according to the existent or non-existent of angle. And the study is carried to check static analysis by manufacture of same model.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.941-946
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• 2006

It followed in system development and SMRT(Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Co)System reached to an automatic train operation(ATO) and driverless operation(DLM) from the manual operation due to the train driver. The train like the general bus or the car vehicle was not serial riding in a car and the Parallel concept which the numerous passenger rides in a car simultaneously occur frequently the charge of the train driver unmanned bitterly from existing manual handling was a possibility of doing, train open door control(ODM) which bites also ATO, it handles it minimized. Like this ATO/DLM, the control system which bites being a Wayside to Train communication for immediacy, it is a system of the Vital concept the immediacy of the citizen Data evil the radio information transmission and the train of the interface which is accurate from unmanned operation and, will decipher, will accomplish it will guarantee. It respects the passenger accident prevention and an air question environment improvement from subway platform and phul leys the screen door of Platform(PSD) with the fire tube frost it refers and part it treats and to sleep it does, ODM which bites is accuracy and immediacy of altitude and when seeing from the viewpoint which demands the trust of altitude, ODM system the trust of car incest interface in the equipment construction which is safe and the comparative analysis back of the system analysis against the control which bites and case study and other subway system it leads from the research which it sees and signal - train in base grudge to sleep it contributes it does.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2017

Objectives: Most of the $PM_{10}$ in subway stations is spread by the train-induced wind from the tunnels. Therefore, in order to improve air quality in subway stations, it is important to remove the $PM_{10}$ from the tunnels. After the installation of PSD (platform screen doors), the influence of train-induced wind and $PM_{10}$ at the platform has decreased, but is estimated to have increased in subway tunnels. This study was conducted to investigate the control of $PM_{10}$ in subway tunnels by applying a 500-fold diluted solution mixed with a humectant using a natural polymer. Methods: For this purpose, we tested the dust reduction effect in a laboratory and corrosion test and water pollution using fish and aquatic plants for the natural dust collecting agent. In the tunnel of a subway station, we used the natural dust collecting agent over 15 days. The study was carried out on $PM_{10}$ control during operation, which accounts for more than 70% of subway dust. Results: As results, the natural dust collecting agent exhibited an excellent dust control effect, and it was safe for water quality and soil. It showed the effect of controlling $PM_{10}$ in the subway tunnel by 49.5- 64.7% over 15 days. The use of the dust collecting agent for the control of $PM_{10}$ could be confirmed in the subway. Conclusion: It is necessary to clearly explain the major portions of chemical components contained in $PM_{10}$ to figure out the characteristics of $PM_{10}$ and to develop effective reduction measures to decrease the adverse effects of $PM_{10}$ in the subway.