• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2014

Background: We aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and treatment aspects of elastofibroma dorsi through a retrospective study of 76 patients who underwent surgery between January 2008 and December 2012 in our department. Methods: Our study is retrospective between January 2008 and December 2012. We admitted 79 patients with a subscapular mass, and only 76 patients had ED. The others (n=2) had high associated risk of anesthesia and were managed by a medical treatment and one patient had a subscapular sclerotic hemangioma. Results: The average age of the patients was 49 years (range, 38 to 70 years), with a female predominance (54 females and 22 males). Subscapular location was constant. The right, left, and bilateral form was noted in 41, 15 and 20 cases, respectively. The diagnosis was clinical in 60 cases. Ultrasound and computerized tomography scans confirmed the diagnosis of an ill-defined mass in a subscapular location in all cases. Surgical treatment consisted of complete resection of the mass. The clinical diameter of the mass remained significantly lower than that of the surgical specimen (7 cm versus 12 cm) because the major hidden part of the mass in the subscapular area was inaccessible to palpation. Complications were noted in 9 cases (11.8%), seroma in 8 cases (10.5%), infection of wound site in 4 cases (5%), and parietal textilome in one case (1%). No case of recurrence was noted. Conclusion: Surgery of elastofibroma is unique because of the subscapular location of the parietal tumor, whose histological fibrous nature makes it very adherent to the chest wall.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.597-604
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• 2009

Purpose: Compound tissue defects remain a challenge to reconstructive surgeons. The objective of this study was to introduce examples of successful reconstruction of compound defects of the head and neck and upper and lower limbs, using chimeric flaps based on the subscapular vascular system. Methods: We report 19 reconstruction cases using chimeric flaps based on the subscapular vascular system. The scapular flap, scapular fascia, scapular bone, parascapular flap, latissimus dorsi, latissimus dorsi perforator flap, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous perforator flap, serratus anterior, serratus anterior fascia, and rib bone were used as components for chimeric flaps. 12 cases had defects of the upper limb, three in the lower limb, three in the head and neck area, and one case had a defect of the thoracoabdominal wall. Results: Defect sizes ranged from $6{\times}8cm$ to $20{\times}22cm$. The component used most often for skin coverage was the latissimus dorsi perforator flap; for soft tissue bulk, the latissimus dorsi; for fascia coverage, the serratus anterior fascia flap; and for bone reconstruction, the scapular bone flap respectively. All cases were successfully reconstructed without additional operative procedures or flap necrosis. Conclusion: Because it is fairly easy to employ vascular pedicles of sufficient length and diameter, enabling the use of diverse types of tissue with various shapes and sizes, the use of chimeric flaps based on the subscapular vascular system allows one - stage reconstruction tailored to the characteristics of the defect area.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.196-198
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• 2001

Synovial chondromatosis is the chondroid metaplasia of the synovial membrane, Large joints such as the knee and hip are commonly involved. Synovial chondromatosis very rarely develops within the shoulder joints. We have experienced the synovial chondromatosis developed in the right subscapular recess communicating the shoulder joint of a 30 year-old-female who was diagnosed by plain radiograph, MRI and microscopic findings, and then treated by arthroscopic synovectomy and removal of loose bodies.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2001

Elastofibroma is a very rare lesion and one of the most unusual pathologic condition which a surgeon or pathologist can encounter. The elastofibroma is a completely benign lesion that is characteristically localized in the subscapular lesion. The lesion is characterized by abundant benign fibrous tissue and sparse accumulation of elastic fibers. It may occur in the old age and was not found in the adolescence or infant. Most of the elastofibroma involve unilaterally and bilateral involvement is less common. A case of bilateral elastofibroma located in the subscapular region that was treated with marginal excision is reported.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1997

One- to three-month-old infants (n=232) were compared their upper arm cumference and skinfold thickness(triceps, subscapular) by feeding methods in cross-sectional study. There were two groups : breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed groups(FF). As reported previously, weight, length, head and chest circumferences of these infants were good, and overall growth status was not significantly different by feeding methods, but weight, weight velocity and chest circumference of formula-fed infants were higher than breast-feds at 3month, significantly. Hear, the triceps skinfold thickness of infants at 1, 2, and 3 postpartum months were 7.4, 9.5 and 10.5 mm, respectively. The triceps skinfold thickness of breast-fed infants were higher than formula-feds at 1 and 2 postpartum month, but at 3 month that of formula-fed infants was greater than breast-fed infants, insignificantly. The subscapular skinfold thickness of infants were 6.4, 9.2 and 10.6 mm at 1 to 3 postpartum months, respectively. The upper arm circumference of infants were 11.7, 13.4, 14.3cm, and the arm muscle diameter were 34.5,39.3 and 41.7cm at one to three postpartum months, respectively. The upper arm circumference of male infants was higher than females at 2, 3 postpartum months. Overall, there were no signifiant differences between feeding methods in triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, upper arm circumference and arm muscle diameter. But 3-month-old formula-fed male infant showed bigger significantly in arm circumference than the breast-feds. From this survey, long-term survey on growth and body composition of large scales might be necessary to determine the effect of feeding methods of infants after 3 months and to set proper body composition standard for infant.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.487-490
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• 2008

Purpose: The latissimus dorsi flap and the serratus anterior flap have been used as combined flaps to reconstruct extensive defects. Because these two muscles are usually supplied by the subscapular-thoracodorsal vessels, the two flaps can be based on vascular pedicle that is long and anatomically reliable. In this case, we reported that serratus anterior possessed an anomalous arterial supply totally independent from the subscapular pedicle while raising combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior flap. Methods: A 35-year-old male with extensive soft tissue defect in the left perineum and thigh visited. Muscle defects of the medial thigh were observed, and femoral nerve and vessels were exposed. Combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior free flap was raised to reconstruct defect. On raising flaps, artery supplying the serratus anterior muscle originated from the axillary artery directly, was lying on the undersurface of the serratus anterior muscle. Results: Because two flap pedicles had no communication and latissimus dorsi muscle was large enough to cover soft tissue defect, we transferred only latissimus dorsi free flap with 1 : 3 meshed skin graft. Patient had limb salvage and satisfactory functional outcome. Conclusion: There are many variations of arterial pedicles of flaps. However, most of these variations remain within known anatomical consistence, thus is an indicator in planning the dissection of the vessels. According to documents, arterial pedicle to the serratus muscle not originated from the thoracodorsal artery is rarely reported, and in most of these cases, the arteries are originated from the subscapular artery. Thus pedicle directly originated from the axillary artery to serratus muscle is a very rare variation in its vascular anatomy.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2010

Genome-wise association studies (GWASs) have become popular approaches to identify genetic variants associated with human biological traits. In this study, we applied Structural Equation Models (SEMs) in order to model complex relationships between genetic networks and traits as risk factors. SEMs allow us to achieve a better understanding of biological mechanisms through identifying greater numbers of genes and pathways that are associated with a set of traits and the relationship among them. For efficient SEM analysis for GWASs, we developed a procedure, comprised of four stages. In the first stage, we conducted single-SNP analysis using regression models, where age, sex, and recruited area were included as adjusting covariates. In the second stage, Fisher's combination test was conducted for each gene to detect significant genes using p-values obtained from the single-SNP analysis. In the third stage, Fisher's exact test was adopted to determine which biological pathways were enriched with significant SNPs. Finally, based on a pathway that was associated with the four traits in common, a SEM was fit to model a causal relationship among the genetic factors and traits. We applied our SEM model to GWAS data with four central obesity related traits: suprailiac and subscapular measures for upper body fat, BMI, and hypertension. Study subjects were collected from two Korean cohort regions. After quality control, 327,872 SNPs for 8842 individuals were included in the analysis. After comparing two SEMs, we concluded that suprailiac and subscapular measures may indirectly affect hypertension susceptibility by influencing BMI. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates that SEMs provide a better understanding of biological mechanisms by identifying greater numbers of genes and pathways.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1972

A survey on the nutritional state was conducted from June 11 to Nov. 30, 1971, on 673 women workers $(16{\sim}25\;yrs)$ Jorking in a factory of food industry. Total body fat content was measured by skin-fold thickness (S. F. T.) with caliper at three region of the body. And it was calculated by regression equation, with the following conclusions were abtained. 1. The mean with standard deviation body height and weight of the Korean women workers were $155.0{\pm}4.21\;cm$ and $50.1{\pm}5.31\;kg$; respectively. 2. Their mean skin-fold thickness with their standard deviation triceps region of upper arm, 14.3{\pm}3.42$; Subscapular region, $18.0{\pm}5.57mm$; Abdominal region, $19.3{\pm}4.87mm$ and total aveager, 17.2{\pm}3.91mm$. 3. The body fat contents according to body fat weight regression equation were;fat weight. 10.7 kg; fat-free weight, 39.4kg; fat weight/ fat-free weight, 27.5%; fat-free mass/ total body mass 77.6%, and fat weight/ total body mass,21.6%. 4. Since the sknin-fold thickness between the triceps and upper abdominal region and between the former and Subscapular region were correlated with the coefficients of 0.838 and 0.615 respectively. and the following regression equations were established. a) S. F. T. of Subscapular region $(mm)=0.929{\times}$S. F. T. of triceps region (mm)+4.707. b) S. F. T. of Abdominal $region(mm)=1.24{\times}$S. F. T. of triceps region(mm)+1.50. Nutritional survey on the women workers in a fact ory of food industry, performed as above by the S. F. T. method, elucidated the fact that their nutritional state is as good as the control healthy female, and that their energy uptake may well be said to be satisfactory.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 1991

중심성 지방분포와 고혈압과의 관계와 비근 내측 피부두께가 기존의 말초성 지방분포를 나타내주는 삼두근 피부두께에 비해 더 우수한 지표가 되는지를 알아보기위해서 1990 년 해군수중 근무자 특수신체검사자 중에서 450 명을 연구자의 편의에 의해 추출되었다. 대상자의 평균 연령이 27.9 세였고 범위가 19-51세었다. 말초성 지방분포의 지표로 삼두근과 비골 내측 피부두께를, 중심성 지방분포는 견갑골하 피부두께와 이것과 삼두근으로 이루어진 비와 차이로 측정을 했다. 신체의 지방분포를 나타내는 피부두께와 이 들을 기준으로한 비와 차이의 지수를 4 분위수로 나누어 첫 1/4 분위수를 기준으로 하고 나머지 3 가지 수준을 기준에 비교를 했다. 연령과 전체적인 비만도를 다중지수분석으로 통제를 한 후 고혈압과의 관계에서 견갑골하 피부두께가 기준인 1/4 분위수와 비교해 보아 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 분위수로 증가함에 따라 각각 2.05(95 % 신뢰구간 1.18-3.59), 2.02(1.06-3.86), 4.00 (1.99-8.06) 의 유병비차비를 보였다. 견갑골하 피부두께와 비골 내측 피부두께의 차이 역시 4/4 분위수가 되었을 때만 2.45 (1.28-4.68)의 비차비를 보였다. 그 외의 삼근 피부두께와 비근내측 피부두께에서는 기준에 비교해 보아 1 을 포함하지 않은 비차비는 없었다. 연령과 전체적인 비만도를 조정한 비차비는 조정치 않은 조비차비에 비해 대체적으로 조금 감소했다. 비근 내측의 피부두께는 삼두근 피부두께에 비교해보아 더 우수한 말초성 지방분포를 대표해주는 피부두께로 보였다. 이러한 결과는 전체적인 비만도 수준과는 독립적으로 견갑골하 피부두께로 측정된 중심성 지방분포가 고협압과 관계가 있으며 우수한 중심성 지방분포를 나타내주는 지표가 됨을 시사해주는 소견이다.

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한관절경학회 제21차 추계 학술대회
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• pp.140-141
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• 2009