• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.450-456
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and psychological responses to the rustling sound of Korean traditional silk fabrics and to figure out objective measurements such as sound parameters and mechanical properties determining the human responses. Five different traditional silk fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics were observed in terms of FFT spectra and some calculated sound parameters including level pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters - loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z), and sound color factors such as ${\Delta}L\;and\;{\Delta}f$. As physiological signals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) from the power spectrum of heart rate variability, pulse volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) evoked by the fabric sounds were measured from thirty participants. Also, seven aspects of psychological state including softness, loudness, sharpness, roughness, clearness, highness, and pleasantness were evaluated when each sound was presented. The traditional silk fabric sounds were likely to be felt as soft and pleasant rather than clear and high, which seemed to evoke less change of both LF/HF and SCL indicating a negative sensation than other fabrics previously reported. As fluctuation strength(Z) were higher and bending rigidity (B) values lower, the fabrics tended to be perceived as sounding softer, which resulted in increase of PV changes. The higher LPT was concerned with higher rating for subjective loudness so that HR was more increased. Also, compression linearity (LC) affected subjective pleasantness positively, which caused less changes of HR. Therefore, we concluded that such objective measurements as LPT, fluctuation strength(Z), bending rigidity (B), and compression linearity (LC) were significant factors affecting physiological and psychological responses to the sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2015

Softness is considered one of the most important attributes of hygiene paper such as tissue and towel. Being subjective in nature, however, softness attribute has been generally believed to be impossible to evaluate using objective methods. Hallmark in his pioneering work proposed that tissue subjective softness should be mainly consisted of the bulk softness component and surface softness component. The bulk softness component can be determined by tensile stiffness; the surface softness component by surface tester. The surface friction turns out far more important than the surface roughness in determining the surface softness component. It cannot be too much emphasized that both results of the tensile stiffness and the surface friction should depend on measuring conditions such as an instrument used, sample sizes (e.g., basis weight, length, and width) and operating conditions of the instrument (e.g., gauge length, cross-head speed, size of stylus, and its scanning speed). This indicates that a direct comparison of the test results would be impossible or misleading unless they have been tested under the identical conditions. This may explain why the standard objective test method for tissue softness has not been available at present.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.897-903
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• 2006

The reduction of the vehicle interior noise has been the main interest of noise and vibration harshness (NVH) engineers. The driver's perception on the vehicle noise is affected largely by psychoacoustic characteristic of the noise as well as the SPL. In particular, the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system sound among the vehicle interior noise has been reflected sensitively in psychoacoustics view point. Even though the HVAC noise is not louder than overall noise level, it clearly affects subjective perception to drivers in the way of making to be nervous or annoyed. Therefore, these days a vehicle engineer takes aim at developing sound quality as well as reduction of noise. In this paper, we acquired noises in the HVAC from many vehicles. Through the objective and subjective sound quality (SQ) evaluation with acquiring noises recorded by the vehicle HVAC system, the simple and multiple regression models were obtained for the subjective evaluation 'Pleasant' using the semantic differential method (SDM). The regression procedure also allows you to produce diagnostic statistics to evaluate the regression estimates including appropriation and accuracy. Furthermore, the neural network (NN) model were obtained using three inputs(loudness, sharpness and roughness) of the SQ metrics and one output(subjective 'Pleasant'). Because human's perception is very complex and hard to estimate their pattern, we used NN model. The estimated models were compared with correlations between output indexes of SQ and hearing test results for verification data 'Pleasant'. As a result of application of the SQ indexes, the NN model was shown with the largest correlation of SQ indexes and we found possibilities to predict the SQ metrics.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1443-1448
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• 2006

The reduction of the vehicle interior noise has been the main interest of NVH engineers. The driver's perception on the vehicle noise is affected largely by psychoacoustic characteristic of the noise as well as the SPL. In particular, the HVAC sound among the vehicle interior noise has been reflected sensitively in the side of psychology. Even though the HVAC noise is not louder than overall noise level, it clearly affects subjective perception in the way of making a diver become nervous or annoyed. Therefore, these days a vehicle engineer takes aim at developing sound quality as well as reduction of noise. In this paper, we acquired noises in the HVAC from many vehicles. Through the objective and subjective sound quality evaluation with acquiring noises caused by the vehicle HVAC system, the simple and multiple regression models were obtained for the subjective evaluation 'Pleasant' using the sound quality metrics. The regression procedure also allows you to produce diagnostic statistics to evaluate the regression estimates including appropriation and accuracy. Furthermore, the neural network model were obtained using three inputs(loudness, sharpness and roughness) of the sound quality metrics and one output(subjective 'Pleasant'). And then the models were compared with correlations between sound quality index outputs and hearing test results for 'Pleasant'. As a result of application of the sound quality index, the neural network was verified with the largest correlation of the sound quality index.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.661-665
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• 2006

This study investigates objective and subjective evaluations of refrigerator noise. To describe the fluctuations like a click, a rapid increase of sound level, a change of pitch, a transition into the stationary and ending phase, the psychoacoustical and autocorrelation function(ACF) parameters have been employed. First, subjective evaluation of the noisiness of 24 kinds of refrigerators was conducted. Then, the relationship between objective measures of the refrigerator noise on perceived noisiness was examined with multiple regression analyses. Sound Quality Indices using the psychoacoustical and ACF parameters were also developed. The important psychoacoustical parameters for evaluating noisiness are loudness and roughness of stationary phase. The relationship between the noisiness and the ACF parameters shows that sound energy ${\Phi}(0)$ and its fluctuations are important. Also, refrigerator sounds that had a fluctuation of pitch were rated as more annoying. The fluctuation of pitch is expressed by ${\tau}_1\;and\;{\Phi}_1$ defined by the delay time and the amplitude of the first peak of the ACF.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Voice evaluation is classified into subjective tests such as auditory perception and self-measurement, and objective tests such as acoustic and aerodynamic analysis. When evaluating dysphonia, subjective and objective test results do not always match. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between subjective and objective evaluation in patients with dysphonia and to identify meaningful parameters by disease. Materials and Method The total of 322 patients who visited voice clinic from May 2017 to May 2018 were included in this study. Laryngeal lesions were identified using stroboscopy. Pearson correlation test was performed to analyse correlation between subjective tests including GRBAS scale and voice handicap index, and objective tests including jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), maximal phonation time (MPT), mean flow rate, and subglottic pressure. Results In vocal nodule and sulcus vocalis, among GRBAS system, grade and breathiness showed good correlation with CPP, and roughness showed good correlation with jitter or shimmer. In unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP), grade and breathiness showed a very good correlation with CPP, and also good correlation with jitter, shimmer, NHR, and MPT. Also asthenia showed good correlation with CPP and MPT. Vocal polyp has a limited association with other diseases. Conclusion In patients with dysphonia, grade and breathiness showed good correlation with CPP, jitter, and shimmer, and reflect the state of voice change well especially in UVCP, CPP, and MPT.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.137-140
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• 2007

A prediction model for the sound quality of household refrigerator noise was proposed by investigating subjective and objective attributes of the noise [Jeon et al. (2007) Appl. Acoust.]. In the present study, the just noticeable difference (JND) of each sound quality metric - Zwicker's loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength - which constitute the prediction model was investigated. Loudness of recorded sound samples from five refrigerators were varied according to constant intervals in sound pressure levels. Sharpness was also changed at 14-16 barks. Auditory experiments were conducted to discriminate the JNDs of loudness and sharpness by method of limit. The results indicated that JNDs of loudness and sharpness were 0.50 sone and 0.08 acum, respectively.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권3_4호
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• pp.491-498
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• 2004

Among the components of disposable diaper, the top sheet contacting with baby skin directly is usually made of nonwoven fabrics. Therefore, the tactile properties of the nonwoven fabrics are important for the skin health of infants. In this study, we have explored the surface properties of hygiene nonwoven fabrics (100% cotton spunlace, 100% tencel spunlace, 100% polypropylene (PP) thermalbonding and 100% PP Thru-air bonded carded web (TABCW)), such as friction coefficient and geometrical roughness. used by KES-F system and a laser displacement sensor. Also, we evaluated the subjective responses about the hygiene nonwoven fabrics used by a questionnaire and compared with the objective values, measured by KES-F system and a laser displacement sensor respectively. From the result, we have found that surface sensation (such as soft, smooth, and rough) and bulkiness sensation (such as spongy and fluffy) of nonwovens were represented excellently by L-SMD values which are measured by a laser displacement sensor.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.25-29
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 스포츠웨어 착용 시 운동 속도별로 직물이 스치면서 발생하는 마찰음에 대한 음향특성과 주관적 감각 감성을 고찰하기 위하여, 3종류의 스포츠웨어용 직물 마찰음을 walking(0.63m/s), jogging(1.10m/s), running(0.98m/s)의 3가지 속도로 녹음한 후, 총음압(SPL)과 Loudness(Z), Sharpness(Z), Roughness(Z), Fluctuation Strength(Z)를 계산하였다. 이들 마찰음에 대한 주관적 평가는 9개 쌍의 형용사(시끄러운, 높은, 날카로운, 거친, 딱딱한, 탁한, 변화있는, 거슬리는, 불쾌한)에 대해 의미미분척도로 평가되었다. Jogging시 직물의 마찰음은 가장 시끄럽고 거슬리며 불쾌하게 평가되었고, running시의 직물 마찰음은 walking시나 jogging시의 마찰음보다 덜 시끄럽고 거칠기와 탁한 정도가 적으며 거슬리고 불쾌한 정도가 가장 적게 평가되었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 심리음향학적 연구 방법론을 음악의 작품 분석에 적용하여 음악의 매개체인 소리에 내재된 주관성을 객관화하고자 한다. 먼저, 대표적인 표제음악인 베를리오즈의 '환상교향곡'에서 18개의 샘플음원을 추출한 다음 쯔비커의 음질 파라메터(Loudness, Sharpness, Roughness, Fluctuation Strength)를 이용해서 샘플음원의 객관적 음질을 평가하였다. 주관적 음질 평가를 위하여 환상교향곡의 표제성을 기초로 9개의 대표 음질형용사를 추출한 다음 수치등급평가법과 쌍대비교법을 사용하여 1차 청음평가를 수행하였다. 1차 청음평가결과의 요인분석법을 통하여 "밝은", "시끄러운", "현실적인"의 세 가지 음질을 추출하였다. 세 가지 음질 형용사를 사용하여 2차 청음평가를 수행하고 그 결과를 객관적 음질 파라메터와 상관분석을 수행하여 음질지표를 개발하였다.