• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1975

Growth retardation and a variable degree of body disproportion are recognized features of malnutrition, and mild and moderate protein-calorie malnutrition(PCM). Among the various body measurements suggested to assess the prevalence of all grades of PCM as judged by growth retardation and by body disproportion, the 'mid-upper-arm circumference'-abbreviated to 'arm-circumference' has been suggested as a potential useful simple field index for the assessment of PCM showing that the measurement would give composite information simultaneously on three important effects on PCM-deficit in the muscle protein reservoirs, availability of calorie stores in the form of subcutaneous fat, and growth failure. And this is selected because of its easy accessibility, and less involvement with clinical edema. This study is conducted to make a comparison between the percentage of Korean weight for age standards and the percentage of mid-upper-arm circumference for age standards of 175 preschool children aged $3{\sim}72$ months who are selected among the low-income residents in Seoul. In this study, a comparison is made between the results obtained by expressing the observed weight of the child as a percentage of Korean standard, referred to as 'weight-for-age' and the observed arm-circumference expressed as a percentage of the age-specific arm standard of Jelliffe, referred to as 'arm-for-age'. All the measurements were taken following the techniques described by Jelliffe. The left mid upper arm was measured using a glass-fibre tape and the Fairbanks Morse beam balance was used for weighing. 80% level of weight for age Korean standard and 85% level of arm for are Jelliffe standard were used as an upper borderline limit for PCM. Comparing the 80% weight-for-age and the 85% arm-for-age standard as an upper limit for PCM, for children aged $3{\sim}72$ months, results in 84.6% agreement with the sensitivity of 86.4% and its specificity of 83.5%. If arm circumference alone had been measured and judgement made on this basis, then only 5.1% of the children would have been 'wrongly' classified. And there is a moderately close correlation between arm circumference and weight for age as the data in Table 4 shows. The problem therefore lies in the standard for arm circumference in normal children and in determining what is the lower limit of normal. Once this is clearly difined, one can rely more confidently on arm circumference measurements alone for the nutritional assessment of early childhood.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

Quantities as well as distributions of adipose tissue (AT) are significantly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and can be altered with caloric restriction. This study investigated which cross-sectional slice location of AT is most strongly correlated with changes in CVD risk factors after caloric restriction in obese Korean women. Thirty-three obese pre-menopausal Korean women ($32.4{\pm}8.5$ yrs, BMI $27.1{\pm}2.3\;kg/m^2$) participated in a 12 weeks caloric restriction program. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured using computed tomography (CT) scans at the sites of L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5. Fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), leptin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were observed. Pearson's partial correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between AT measurement sites and changes in CVD risk factors after calorie restriction. When calories were reduced by 350 kcal/day for 12 weeks, body weight (-2.7%), body fat mass (-8.2%), and waist circumference (-5.8%) all decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, following caloric restriction, serum levels of glucose (-4.6%), TC (-6.2%), LDL-C (-5.3%), leptin (-17.6%) and HOMA-IR (-18.2%) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as well. Changes in VAT at the level of L3-L4 were significantly greater than those at other abdominal sites, and these changes were correlated with changes in TC (P < 0.05), LDL-C (P < 0.001), SBP (P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (P < 0.01). These results show that VAT at L3-L4 had a stronger correlation with CVD risk factors than with other AT measurement sites after caloric restriction.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.1608-1617
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• 2013

본 연구는 과체중 및 비만인 직장인을 대상으로 체중관리 프로그램을 실시하여 체중감량 및 체지방의 감소, 혈액생화학적 변화, 영양지식 및 운동 능력에 대한 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 전라북도 내 공공기관의 BMI 23 이상 과체중 및 비만인 직원 39명을 연구대상자로 하여 6개월간 프로그램을 실시하였다. 연구결과 남자그룹에서 삼두근 피부두겹 두께가 유의적으로 감소하였고(P<0.05), 남녀 그룹 모두에서 허리둘레, 엉덩이 둘레가 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 혈액 생화학적 검사에서는 남자그룹에서 총콜레스테롤(P<0.05)과 LDL-콜레스테롤(P<0.01)이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 복부 컴퓨터단층촬영 결과에서는 남자그룹에서 복부피하지방조직이 유의적으로 감소하였으며(P<0.01), 영양소 섭취 조사결과 여자 그룹에서 철, 비타민 B2와 나이 아신 섭취량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 영양지식 점수는 남자 그룹에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 운동능력 검사에서는 근지구력이 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.01). 직장인들의 건강증진뿐만 아니라 근무 능률과 삶의 질 향상을 위해 사업장에도 건강 및 비만관리가 이루어질 수 있는 체계적인 프로그램이 필요하며, 교육 후에도 비만개선의 긍정적인 변화가 지속될 수 있도록 근로 현장과 국가차원의 프로그램이 개발 지원되어야 할 것이다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 1995

사지의 연부조직 결손으로 고려대학교 의과대학 정형외과학 교실에서 입원했던 12명의 환자 13례에 대하여 전완부 유리 피판술을 시행 후 최저 3개월에서 최고 37개월간 평균 14.3개월간 추시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 13례 전례에서 연부조직 결손의 치료로 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. 2. 이식피판의 크기는 평균 $54cm^2$였으며 유리피판의 평균 혈류 차단시간은 74분 이었다. 3. 술후 3례에서 합병증이 발생하였으며 3례중 2례는 동맥 문합부위에 혈전이 발생하였으나 술후 제 2일에 혈전 재거술을 시행하여 해결하였으며, 1례는 이식 정막내의 혈전으로 이식피판의 표층괴사가 발생하여 고식적인 피부이식술로 치료하였다. 4. 체중 부하를 받는 족저부의 재건에는 감각신경을 포함한 전완부 유리피판술이 좋은 방법의 하나이다. 5. 전완부 피판술은 비교적 넓은 연부조직 결손을 치료할 수 있고 이식 혈관의 내경이 커서 문합이 비교적 쉬워 숙련된 미세수술 수기를 익힌 외과의사에게는 성공률이 높은 유리피판술 중의 하나이다.

• 의료법학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.265-295
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• 2017

최근 들어서면서 유방에 대한 수술이 종류가 확대술 축소술 재건술로 대별되고 다양해지면서 이에 따른 원치 않은 수술성과에 대한 분쟁이 증가상태에 있으며, 이로 인한 배보상 문제가 최종적으로 대두되면서, '원치 않은 수술성과'를 '수술 후의 문제점' 보다는 "장애'로 보는 관점이 증가되면서, 신체장애 평가에서 유방의 흉부 장기 해당 여부에 따른 노동력상실률이 직접적으로 거론되기에 이에 대한 견해를 발표하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 법령에서 나오는 용어의 사전적 정의 및 의학적 제반 사항을 살펴보았다. 흉부 장기에 유방 포함 여부의 혼란은 용어 선정 후 그 해석이 시대 변화와 맞물려 유발된 것으로 생각된다. 법령에서의 자구 해석을 살펴보면, 유방은 흉부 장기에 해당되지 못함으로 규정된 것으로 사료되며, 수유장애는 낮은 출산율과 실제로 모유수유하는 경우가 현저하게 줄어들고 있는 상황에서 다수의 의견이라고 주장 강조함이 약화되고 있으며, 모유수유를 노동으로 볼 수 있는 유모로서의 직업도 현재 존재하는지 조차 모르는 실정이다. 이런 이유로, 유방을 흉복부 장기 해당 여부에 대한 논란을 잠재우기 위해서, 포함시키려면, (1) 법령집의 용어를 교체하거나(흉복부 장기에서 (ㄱ) 흉복부를 '흉복부 및 흉복강'으로 그리고 (ㄴ) 장기를 '장기 및 기관'으로), (2) 여러 법령에서 용어 변경은 어렵기 때문에, "산업재해보상보험법 시행규칙 [별표 제5호] 신체부위별 장해등급 판정에 관한 세부기준(제48조 관련)"에 유방을 예외적으로 포함시키면 될 것이라고 생각해 본다. 그러나 피부부속기관인 유방을 흉복부 기관 혹은 예외적으로 포함시키면, 당연히 다른 피부부속기관도 포함시켜야 하는 모순관계가 도출되는 문제가 있다고 사료된다. 반면 완전히 배제시키려면, (1) '흉복부'를 '흉복강'으로 하거나, (2) "유방은 제외된다"라는 단서 조항만 삽입하면 될 것이라고 생각해 본다. 법 앞에 만인이 평등하다 하지만 만인 앞에 법이 평등하기 위해서는, 즉 새로운 해석과 판결을 위해서는 사회적인 합의가 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective multi-institutional study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for treatment of head and neck, lung, or gastrointestinal cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,000 patients were enrolled in this study at seven different hospitals in Seoul, Korea between October 2009 and May 2010. The nutritional status of patients after receiving 3 weeks of RT was evaluated using subjective global assessment (SGA). The nutritional status of each patient was rated as well nourished (A), moderately malnourished (B), or severely malnourished (C). Results: The mean age of patients in this study was $59.4{\pm}11.9$ years, and the male to female ratio was 7:3. According to the SGA results, 60.8%, 34.5%, and 4.7% of patients were classified as A, B, or C, respectively. The following criteria were significantly associated with malnutrition (SGA B or C; p < 0.001): loss of subcutaneous fat or muscle wasting (odds ratio [OR], 11.473); increased metabolic demand/stress (OR, 8.688); ankle, sacral edema, or ascites (OR, 3.234); and weight loss ${\geq}5%$ (OR, 2.299). Conclusion: SGA was applied successfully to assess the nutritional status of most patients. The prevalence of malnutrition in a radiation oncology department was 39.2%. The results of this study serve as a basis for implementation of nutrition intervention to patients being treated at radiation oncology departments.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2008

The increasing rate of obesity in school aged children has become a conspicuous social phenomenon in Korea. This has been linked to greater economic growth, increasingly westernized dietary habits, and a consumer driven society. Given that obesity can lead to social exclusion or unfavorable attention by other students in a school setting, the design of plus-size garments have become important for effective appearance management skills. This research aimed to establish a somatotype database for obese school boys, aged 10 to 12, in order to develop a sizing system for plus-size upper garments. In order to measure somatotype of average and obese school boys, five categories were recorded; height, obesity, length of trunk, thickness of neck and chest. For obese boys, subcutaneous fat thickness and position of B.P/shoulder point factors were recorded. Obesity factor was subdivided into overall and specific ones, and while the deviation of obese body types was severe compared to the average type. Obese body type showed significantly higher measurements in width, girth, thickness. This is linked to the fact that the frequency ratio of obesity increases with age. Stature and chest were chosen as control dimensions for boys' wear. As crosstabulation of stature(5cm interval) and chest girth(2, 3 and 4cm), and stature(5cm interval)/chest girth(3cm interval) sizing system showed, the most effective cover ratio and adaptability to the data distribution $25{\sim}75$ quartile. Based on the findings, 10 sizes were formulated for average body type, while 18 sizes were formulated for obese type, whose size cover ratios were 48% and 62.9%, respectively. The primary ranges of stature were $145cm{\sim}150cm$, while those of chest girth were $79{\sim}82cm$. Each size was declared as "chest-somatotype{A(average)/O(obesity)-stature". This study proposed a plus-size upper garment sizing systems for obese boys, accompanied with reference measurements for suit, casual wear and underwear. The finding showed that the two systems were totally separate and not overlapping, meaning that plus-size sizing system is essential for obese school boys. The obesity type system had more size and wider range specs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2009

In order to make successful oral cancer treatment, we need to understand about tumor biology and effective chemotherapeutic agents. To achieve these studies, it is necessary to develope a proper in-vivo model. Therefore the author will make try to develop more improved animal model of more applicable in various method of cancer study. In this study, the author induced in-vivo tumorigenesis in nude mice by $YD-10B_{mod}$ cell line used by YD-10B cell line originated from oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and observed tumor formations and invasiveness of surrounding tissue, and found some results as follows : 1. The experimental group($YD-10B_{mod}$, subcutaneous injection) produced tumors 13 out of 15 mice, while the control group produced none of 5 mice. 2. The inoculation of $1{\times}10^6$cells/mouse produced tumors 3 out of 5 mice and inoculation of $1{\times}10^7$cells/mouse, $2{\times}10^7$cells/mouse produced tumors in every 5 mice. 3. In the histopathologic studies, the inoculation of $1{\times}10^6$cells/mouse group showed the characteristic features of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and demarcated expansile growth, while the inoculation of $1{\times}10^7$cells/mouse, $2{\times}10^7$cells/mouse group showed the expansile growth with partial central necrosis and invasive growth to surrounding fat & connective tissue. These findings suggest that atopic xenograft of $YD-10B_{mod}$ cell line in nude mice has a improved productivity of tumors, produced tumors showed the characteristics feature of human tumor and invasive growth to surrounding tissue in histopathologic appearance. These atopic nude mouse model of tongue carcinoma might assist in studying oral cancer biology and effective choice of chemotherapeutic agents.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.1296-1301
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• 2008

초음파 영상은 초음파 펄스를 이용하여 반사파를 수신하여 진단에 필요한 영상을 구성하는데 신호가 약해 질 경우 잡음이 발생하며 미세한 명암도 차이 등에 의해 분석 과정에서 육안으로 인지하고 진단하는데 어려움이 있다. 특히 근골격계 검사를 위한 초음파 영상에서 근육 영역의 진단에 어려움을 준다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 초음파 영상에서 영상 처리 기법을 이용하여 근육 영역을 검출할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 초음파 영상에서의 근육 영역 검출은 피하지방층과 기타 영역 그리고 근육을 둘러싸고 있는 근막 후보 영역을 검출한 후, 위치 정보와 형태학적 특징을 이용하여 최종적으로 근막 내부 영역인 근육 영역을 검출한다. 제안된 방법의 근막 후보 영역의 검출 과정은 개선된 히스토그램 스트레칭과 Multiple 연산으로 대비차를 향상시키고 반복 이진화 기법을 적용한 후, 잡음에 의해 손실되거나 끊어진 근막 영역을 거리 및 방향 분석을 이용하여 연결한 후에 근막 후보 영역을 검출한다. 검출된 근막 후보 영역의 형태학적 특징과 위치정보를 이용하여 피하지방층과 기타 영역을 분류한 후, 최종적으로 근육 영역을 검출한다. 실제 초음파 영상을 대상으로 제안된 근육 검출 방법을 적용하여 검출된 근육 영역과 전문의가 분석한 근육 영역을 비교한 결과, 제안된 근육 검출 방법이 전문의가 육안으로 분석한 근육 영역과 근접하게 검출되어 본 논문에서 제안한 근육 영역 검출 방법이 효율적임을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1678-1684
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and sire breeding values for average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits using sire-maternal grandsire model with REML approach, sire model with REML approach, sire model without relationships among sires and with REML and ANOVA approach, and to investigate advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Data were collected from 42,325 Japanese Black steers and heifers finished and slaughtered from 1991 to 2004. Traits analyzed in this study were average daily gain (ADG) during the fattening period, live weight at slaughter (LW), cold carcass weight (CW), estimated lean yield percentage (LYE), longissimus muscle area (LMA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), rib thickness (RT), and marbling score (BMS). Bivariate analyses were also performed to obtain genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients among traits. Estimated breeding values were obtained from each model, and simple and rank correlations among breeding values from each model were calculated. Estimates of heritability using the four models ranged from 0.25 to 0.31 in ADG, from 0.21 to 0.24 in LW, from 0.23 to 0.27 in CW, from 0.10 to 0.17 in DP, from 0.40 to 0.42 in LYE, from 0.19 to 0.31 in LMA, from 0.31 to 0.34 in SFT, from 0.26 to 0.33 in RT, and from 0.18 to 0.44 in BMS. The differences in heritability estimates using the four models seemed to be feasible in ADG, CW, DP, LMA, RT, and BMS. Genetic correlation coefficients of ADG with CW, SFT, RT and BMS were moderate to high and positive while the genetic correlation coefficients between ADG and LYE was low and negative. Correlation coefficients of BMS with SFT were negligible for both genetic and phenotypic correlations. The correlations of estimates evaluated from sire models with those from sire-maternal grandsire model were not large enough to convincing that breeding values using a sire model were corresponding to those using a sire-maternal grand sire model. If information of maternal grand sires are not available, the sire model with incomplete pedigree information included only sire of sire (Model 2) is optimal among the sire models evaluated in this study.