• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2008

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are largely studied for their potential clinical use. But it is hard to get enough number of those cells for clinical trials and give serious pain to the patients. Adipose tissue is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated with large amount. This cell population (adipose derived stem cells: ADSCs) can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the ADSCs extracted from omental or subcutaneous fat tissue were expanded during third to fifth passages. The phenotype of the ADSCs was identified by the conventional cell surface markers using flow cytometry: positive for CD29 and CD44, but negative for CD34, CD45, CD117 and HLA-DR that similar to those observed on BMSCs. The ADSCs were able to differentiate into the osteoblast or adipocytes with induction media. Finally, ADACs expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on BMSCs and differentiated into osteoblast, adipocyte. With this, human adipotissue contains multipotent cells and may represent an alternative stem cell source to bone marrow-derived MSCs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.356-361
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• 1984

During the period from January 1982 to June 1984 we implanted permanent pacemakers in 18 patients who received open heart surgery at Yonsei University Hospital. 1.In 11 patients, open heart surgery was performed at Yonsei University Hospital and new surgical induced heart blocks were developed and implantations of permanent pacemaker were done. 2.Total 1035 open heart surgeries were done and implantations of pacemaker were performed in 11 cases. [1.06%]. After total correction of TOF [215 cases] implantations of pacemaker were done in 3 cases. [1.4%] Implantations of pacemaker were 0.37% after VSD repair, 0.78% after ASD repair, 5.9% after ECD repair, 0.48% after MVR and 2.0% after AVR. 3.Causes were complete A-V block, sick sinus syndrome and A-V dissociation. 4.Heart blocks were developed immediately after bypass stop in 8 patients. 5.Implantations of pacemaker were done at more than 2 weeks after open heart surgery. 6.Local anesthesia was done in adult and general anesthesia in infants. Locations of pulse generator were subxiphoid, subcostal & subclavian. Position of pulse generator was between subcutaneous fat layer and muscle layer. 7.Types of pulse generator were VVI, VDD and AAI. 8.The postoperative complications included infection, pacing failure, sensing failure and lead dislodgment.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2016

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a condition resulting from extensive calcium phosphate precipitation, primarily in the periarticular tissues around major joints. Calciphylaxis is a fatal ischemic vasculopathy mainly affecting dermal blood vessels and subcutaneous fat. This syndrome is rare and predominantly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease. Here, we report on a rare case involving a patient with TC complicated with calciphylaxis. Our patient was a 31-year-old man undergoing hemodialysis who presented with masses on both shoulders and necrotic cutaneous ulcers, which were associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism, on his lower legs. He underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy, and sodium thiosulfate (STS) was administered for 27 weeks. Twenty months after beginning the STS treatment course, he experienced dramatic relief of his TC and calciphylaxis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.357-360
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• 1986

We report a case of metastatic carcinoma of the skin in 62-year-old male who showed multiple nodules on the anterior chest, scalp, face and left axilla for 2 months' duration. He suffered from lower abdominal discomfortness for 6 months. Histopathologic findings revealed atypical cell nests and some tubular or glandular formation in the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue. Material in the lumen showed diastase resistant and PAS positive, and alcian blue positive at pH 2.4, but negative pH 0.4. So it represented sialomucin. We did not find primary site of malignant tumor. In view of clinical and histopathological findings, it was considered to be originated from the large intestine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.880-885
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• 2012

In this experiment the effect of dietary carob pods in the growth performance of fattening pigs and their meat quality, including steak chemical composition and fatty acid profile, were examined. A total of 160 weaning piglets, 30 days old, were allocated into four equal groups with 4 subgroups of 5 female and 5 males each. The animals were fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets, containing either 0 or 75 or 100 or 125 g of carob pods per kg of feed. At the end of the experiment, on the 180 day of age, carcass subcutaneous fat thickness, steak chemical composition and steak fatty acid profile were determined. The results of the experiment showed that the dietary addition of 75 or 100 g/kg carob pods increased body weight at slaughter and carcass weight. No significant effect was noticed on the other examined carcass parameters. Consequently, carob pods could be suggested as a potential feed for fattening pigs without any adverse effect on their meat quality.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.500-502
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• 2009

Purpose: Cutaneous lipomatous neurofibroma is a rare variant of neurofibroma. Histologically, it includes adipose tissue. As far as we aware, only 11 cases of this variant were reported which was predominantly on head, neck and trunk, so we present a case of left pretibial area with literature review. Method: A 17 - year old female who showed a non - tender, protruding $4{\times}4{\times}2cm$ sized mass on the left pretibial area for several months. We totally excised the mass including skin and the subcutaneous fat layer. Results: Pathologic report showed cutaneous lipomatous neurofibroma which was well circumscribed and noncapsulated neoplasm present with focal fatty change. Adipose cells were entrapped in the whirls of spindle cells. There were no lipoblasts or atypical adipocytes. Conclusion: A cutaneous lipomatous neurofibroma on the lower extremity is very rare. In our patient, there were no trauma - related histopathologic changes. Therefore, focal fatty change can be a consequence of metaplasia from multipotential neural cells after migration.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.61-77
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• 2017

Although three-dimensional measurement systems for the human body have been studied, there is still an error between the measurements by the two-dimensional measurement method and the three-dimensional scanning method. Especially, in the case of the breast, the outline is not clear. The breast is made up of subcutaneous fat and mammary gland tissue, and it is easy to deform, making it difficult to grasp the exact shape. It is also more difficult to measure photogrammetry or three-dimensional measurement because it is difficult to obtain subjects because of the shame they are reluctant to expose. In this study, the angle and length of the line connecting the measurement points of the breast detail measurement items were compared with the unchanged measurement items such as breast width and center front length using the frontal and lateral photographs taken before and after breast enlargement surgery. The results of the study are as follows. The types of breast before and after surgery were classified into two groups and showed high accuracy rate. Therefore, it was possible to classify the breast type using the frontal and lateral views of the breast, and it was found that The PRM method can distinguish the characteristics of the breast type. Therefore, it can be useful for classifying and discriminating breast types.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2009

Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease that affects extracellular matrix remodeling. Recently, several studies have reported that cathepsin S is involved in obesity. Both mouse and human adipose cells produce this enzyme in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation, where it degrades fibronectin. Cathepsin S gene expression is elevated in the adipose tissue of obese mice as compared to that of lean mice. Paecilomyces tenuipes water extracts (PTW) are shown to have an inhibitory effect on cathepsin S activity. In this study, Z-Val-Val-Arg-MCA was used as a cathepsin S-specific substrate in order to examine inhibitory effect of PTW. Supplementing 3T3-L1 cell media with PTW clearly reduced lipid droplet accumulation and cathepsin S-induced adipogenesis. Furthermore, PTW decreased weight gain, subcutaneous adipose tissue growth, the level of serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol in mice fed a high-fat diet. These data suggest that PTW work against adipose cathepsin S and presumably contribute to anti-obese activities.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2001

A 66-year-old man visited author's institute complaining of the swelling on the submandibular gland area. Clinically, the exophytic mass penetrated the skin of the submandibular area. On MRI, the lesion occupied the left submandibular space and extended downward, protruding exterior to the subcutaneous fat layer, but the center of the lesion was located on the side of the skin and the growth exterior to the skin was prominent. Demarcation of the lesion and the submandibular gland was unclear. Histopathologically the epithelial nests and keratin production were seen, then the biopsy result was squamous cell carcinoma. The stroma of lesion showed a myxoid characteristic and some ducts showed metaplasia of the ductal cells, which suggested the gland-origin carcinoma. However, lots of keratin production and carcinomatous change of cells continuous to the normal epithelium of the skin, the skin-origin carcinoma invading into the submandibular gland area could not be excluded.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2001

Erythema nodosum is a nodular erythematous eruption predominently limited to the pretibial area but occasionally involving the arms or other areas. That is clinical entity defined easily but there are many different opinions about histopathologic findings, Recently erythema nodosum is characterized histopathologically by a septal panniculitis in which the fibrous septa of subcutaneous fat become inflamed. Erythema nodosum has been known to be frequently associated with some kinds of drugs, infections with streptococci, mycobacteria but in $60\%$, no cause is found, Treatment of erythema nodosum consists of supportive care and elimination of underlying causes. Because spontaneous resolution of the lesions can occur in 3 to 6 weeks. Although there are trial treatments are applied to erythema nodosum, ego corticosteroids, NSAIDs, potassium iodine, there isn't any definite. So We report a case of erythema nodosum which was not relieved by NSAIDS but by experimental acupuncture treatment.