• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.367-373
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• 2007

The present study investigates numerically nonequilibrium energy transfer between electrons and phonons in metal thin films irradiated by ultrashort pulse lasers and it also provides the temporal and spatial variations of electron and phonon temperatures using the well-established two-temperature model(TTM) on the basis of the Boltzmann transport equation(BTE). This article predicts the crater shapes in gold film structures, and compares the results by using two-dimensional energy transport equation. From the results, it is found that nonequilibrium energy transfer between electrons and phonons takes place, and the equilibrium time increases with the increase of laser fluence. On the other hand, above threshold fluence the ablation time doesn't change nearly with increasing fluences. Compared with one-dimensional TTM, it also reveals that the temporal distributions of electron and phonon temperatures at the top surface estimated by using two-dimensional TTM have a similar tendency. The results show that two-dimensional TTM can simulate the crater shape of metals during the irradiation of femtosecond pulse lasers and the absorbed energy is propagated to z-direction faster than to r-direction.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2012

Metal oxide semiconductors were considered promising materials as backplanes of future displays. Moreover, the adoption of carrier-suppressing metal into indium-zinc oxide (IZO) has become one of the most important themes in the metal oxide research field. In this paper, efforts to realize and optimize IZO with diverse types of carrier suppressors are summarized. Properties such as the band gap of metal in the oxidized form and its electronegativity were examined to confirm their relationship with the metal's carrier-suppressing ability. It was concluded that those two properties could be used as indicators of the carrier-suppressing ability of a material. As predicted by the properties, the alkali earth metals and early transition metals used in the research effectively suppressed the carrier and optimized the electrical properties of the metal oxide semiconductors. With the carrier-suppressing metals, IZO-based thin-film transistors with high (above $1cm^2/V{\cdot}s$) mobility, a lower than 0.6V/dec sub-threshold gate swing, and an over $3{\times}10^6$ on-to-off current ratio could be achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.1765-1768
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• 2005

Binary-search 알고리즘을 이용한 새로운 6-bit 300MS/s ADC 를 제안 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 ADC 는 저전력, 고속동작, 저해상도의 응용분야에 적합하도록 설계 되었다. 11 개의 rail-to-rail 비교기와 기준전압 발생기, 그리고 기준전압 제어회로로 구성 되었으며, 이는 기존의 구조와는 다른 전혀 새로운 형태로 제안된 것이다. 전력소모를 줄이기 위해 비교기 공유기술을 사용하였다. 또한 ADC 의 sub-block 인 rail-to-rail 비교기는 인버터 logic threshold 전압 값을 이용한 새로운 형태의 비교기를 제안하였다. 비교기는 인버터와 n-type preamp, p-type preamp 그리고 각각에 연결되는 latch 로 구성되었다. 기존의 rail-to-rail comparator 에 비해 입력 범위 전체 영역에서 일정한 gm 값을 얻을 수 있다. 실험결과 2.5V 공급전압에서, 17mW 의 전력 소모를 보이며, 최대 304MS/s 의 데이터 변환율을 가진다. INL 과 DNL 은 입력신호가 2.38Mhz 의 주파수를 가지는 삼각파일 때, 각각 ${\pm}0.54LSB$, ${\pm}1LSB$ 보다 작다. TSMC 0.25u 공정을 이용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.767-770
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• 2005

네트워크상에서 전달되는 음성데이터는 전달되는 과정에서 잡음 등의 외부 요인으로 인하여 데이터에 손실이 생기는 문제가 발생한다. 이렇게 전달된 음성데이터가 음성 인식기를 통과하면 바로 음성 인식기를 통과했을 때 보다 인식률이 낮아진다. 본 연구에서는 홈 네트워크를 제어하는데 있어서 음성 인식률을 향상시키기 위해서 음성 데이터를 입력받아, 이를 음소단위 기반의 유사율 알고리즘을 적용시켜 이미 구축된 홈 네트워크 용어 관련 사전에 등록된 단어와의 유사성을 검토하여 추출된 결과로 홈 네트워크를 제어하는 방안을 제안한다. 음소단위 기반의 유사율 알고리즘과 다중발화를 이용했을 때 Threshold 값이 85% 일 경우 사전에 구축된 단어와 매칭된 인식률은 100%였으며, 사전에 없는 단어의 오인식률은 2%로 감소되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 2005

Many reports demonstrate that extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs, 60 Hz) may be involved in hyperalgesia. In a previous investigation, we suggested that MFs may produce hyperalgesia and such a response may be regulated by the benzodiazepine system. In order to further confirm this effect of MFs, we used diazepam and/or flumazenil with MFs exposure. When testing the pain threshold of rats using hot plate tests, MFs or diazepam ($0.5\;{\mu}g$, i.c.v.; a benzodiazepine receptor agonist) induced hyperalgesic effects with the reduction of latency. These effects were blocked by a pretreatment of flumazenil (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.; a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist). When the rats were exposed simultaneously to MFs and diazepam, the latency tended to decrease without statistical significance. The induction of hyperalgesia by co-exposure to MFs and diazepam was also blocked by flumazenil. However, the pretreatment of GABA receptor antagonists such as bicuculline ($0.1\;{\mu}g$, i.c.v.; a $GABA_A$ antagonist) or phaclofen ($10\;{\mu}g$, i.c.v.; a $GABA_B$ antagonist) did not antagonize the hyperalgesic effect of MFs. These results suggest that the benzodiazepine system may be involved in MFs-induced hyperalgesia.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 1993

In order to examine the effect of anisotropy and stress ratio on fatigue crack propagation rate and opening-closing behavior and also arrest behavior by single tension peak overload, the fatigue tests of constant amplitude atress and single tension peak overload adding to cycle of constant amplitude were carried out in stress ratio of -0.4, -0.2, and 0.4 with materials of T-L and L-T directions in 2024-T3 aluminum alloy plate. Crack opening-closing begavior were measured by the compliance method using COD gage and strain gage. In case of the crack opening-closing behavior was measured by strain gage, the effect of stress ratio is unchangeable. But in the case of COD gage, that is remarkably decreased. Fictitious effective stress intensity factor(U sub(f)) and effective stress intensity factor ratio(U) in L-T direction was higher than those in T-L direction and also threshold arrest overload ratio incrased as stress ratio decreased and that of T-L direction was higher than that in L-T direction.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.77.1-77.1
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• 2016

We investigate the properties and detection conditions for the planetary caustic perturbation of close-separation planets. To find the properties of the planetary caustic perturbation, we construct deviation maps by subtracting the single-lensing magnification of the lens star from the planetary lensing magnification for various lensing parameters. We find that each deviation area of the positive and negative perturbations disappears at the same normalized source radius according to a given deviation threshold regardless of mass ratio but disappears at a different normalized source radius according to the separation. We also estimate the upper limit of the normalized source radius to detect the planetary caustic perturbation. We find simple relations between the upper limit of the normalized source radius and the lensing parameters. From the relations, we obtain an analytic condition for the detection limit of the planet, and which show that we can sufficiently discover a planet with the mass of sub-Earth for typical microlensing events. Therefore, we expect to add the number of low-mass planets in the next-generation microlensing experiments and conclude that our detection condition of the planet can be used as a important criteria for maximal planet detections considering the source type and the photometric accuracy.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2004

In this research, a vision system for detecting breakages of small-diameter taps, which are rarely detected by the indirect in-process monitoring methods such as acoustic emission, cutting torque and motor current, was developed. Two HMI (Human Machine Interface) programs to embed the developed vision system into a Siemens open architecture controller, 840D, were developed. They are placed in sub-windows of the main window of the 840D and can be activated or deactivated either by a softkey on the operating panel or the M code in the NC part program. In the event that any type of tool breakage is detected, the HMI program issues a command for an automatic tool change or sends an alarm signal to the NC kernel. An evaluation test in a high-speed tapping machine showed that the developed vision system was successful in detecting breakages of small-diameter taps up to M1.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2008

The Al:Au double-layer metal electrode for use in transparent, dual emission of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) was fabricated. The electrode of Al:Au metals with various thicknesses was deposited by the vacuum thermal evaporation technique. For Al thickness of 1 nm, a bottom luminance of $4880\;cd/m^2$ was observed at 8 V. Otherwise, top luminance of $2020\;cd/m^2$ were observed at 8 V. In addition, the threshold voltages of the electrodes were 2.2 V. It was forward that the inserting 1 nm Al between LiF and Au enhanced electron injection with tunneling effect.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.25.2-25.2
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• 2009

최근 아연산화물과 같은 무기산화물 박막 트랜지스터를 디스플레이의 구동 소자, RFID, 스마트 창으로 활용하기 위한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 특히, 산화아연 박막 트랜지스터는 기존의 비정질 실리콘이나 저온 제작된 다결정 실리콘을 active layer로 사용해 제작된 소자에 비하여 AMOLED나 AMLCD를 구동하기 충분한 전자 이동도, 환경적으로 안정한 특성을 보이고 비교적 저렴한 가격으로 제작 가능하며 넓은 밴드갭으로 인하여 가시광선 영역에서 투명한 특성을 보인다. 본 연구에서는 Zinc acetate dehydrate를 전구체로 사용하고 ethanolamine 을 솔 안정화제로 사용하여 간단하고 경제적인 솔-젤 방법을 통하여 Zinc Oixde (ZnO)를 active layer로 사용한 박막 트랜지스터를 제작하였다. ZnO 박막 트랜지스터는 전구체 용액을 기판 위에 스핀 코팅한 후 열처리 과정을 통하여 제작되었고 제작된 ZnO 박막 트랜지스터는 가시광선 영역에서 높은 투과도 (>90%) 를 보였다. 산화 아연 박막 트랜지스터의 특성을 향상 시키기 위하여 전구체 용액의 농도 조절, ZnO 박막의 두께 조절, 열처리 온도의 조절 등과 같은 연구를 수행하였다. 여러 공정 조건의 변화를 통하여 최적화된 ZnO 박막 트랜지스터는 전하 이동도가 9.4 cm^2/Vs, sub-threshold slope이 3.3 V/dec 그리고 on-to-off current ratio가 5.5${\times}$10^5로 디스플레이 소자를 구동하기 충분한 특성을 보였다.